CE0065 Engineering Utilities 2 PDF

CE0065 Engineering Utilities 2  MODULE 2 Building Water Supply System Outline 2.1 The Building Water Supply System 2.2 Water Pressure Considerations 2.1 Water Supply System Plumbing codes require that a potable water supply be adequately furnished to all plumbing fixtures. The water sup...

CE0065 Engineering Utilities 2  MODULE 2 Building Water Supply System Outline 2.1 The Building Water Supply System 2.2 Water Pressure Considerations 2.1 Water Supply System Plumbing codes require that a potable water supply be adequately furnished to all plumbing fixtures. The water supply system in a building carries cold and hot water through distribution pipes and delivers it to the plumbing fixtures. 2.1 Water Supply System Plumbing codes require that a potable water supply be adequately furnished to all plumbing fixtures. The water supply system in a building carries cold and hot water through distribution pipes and delivers it to the plumbing fixtures. 2.1 Water Supply System Revised National Plumbing Code of the Philippines Chapter 6, Section 601 – RUNNING WATER REQUIRED Each plumbing fixture shall be provided with an adequate supply of potable running water, so arranged as to flush and keep same in clean and healthful conditions without danger of backflow or cross- connection. 2.1 Water Supply System Revised National Plumbing Code of the Philippines Chapter 6, Section 601 – RUNNING WATER REQUIRED Water closets and urinals shall be flushed by means of an approved flush tank or flushometer valve. Faucets and diverters shall be connected to the hot and cold water distribution supplies so that the hot water supply is located at left side of the combination fittings. 2.1 Water Supply System Revised National Plumbing Code of the Philippines Chapter 6, Section 601 – RUNNING WATER REQUIRED Water closets and urinals shall be flushed by means of an approved flush tank or flushometer valve. Faucets and diverters shall be connected to the hot and cold water distribution supplies so that the hot water supply is located at left side of the combination fittings. 2.1 Water Supply System The main parts of a typical water supply system include the following: ▪ Building Supply ▪ Water Meter ▪ Building Main ▪ Riser ▪ Fixture Branch ▪ Fixture Connection 2.1 Water Supply System Building Supply The building supply or water service is a large water supply pipe that carries potable water from the district or city water system or other water source to the building. 2.1 Water Supply System Water Meter A water meter is required by most district water supply systems to measure and record the amount of water used. It may be placed in a meter box located in the ground near the street or inside the building. 2.1 Water Supply System Water Meter 2.1 Water Supply System Building Main The building main is a large pipe that serves as the principal artery of the water supply system. It carries water through the building to the furthest riser. The building main is typically run (located) in the basement, in a ceiling, in a crawl space, or below the concrete floor slab. 2.1 Water Supply System Riser A riser is a water supply pipe that extends vertically in the building at least one story and carries water to fixture branches. It is typically connected to the building main and runs vertically in the walls or pipe chases. 2.1 Water Supply System Fixture Branch A fixture branch is a water supply pipe that runs from the riser or main to the fixture being connected. In a water supply system, it is any part of a piping system other than a riser or main pipe. 2.1 Water Supply System Fixture Branch Fixture branch pipes supply the individual plumbing fixtures. A fixture branch is usually run in the floor or in the wall behind the fixtures. 2.1 Water Supply System Fixture Connection A fixture connection runs from the fixture branch to the fixture, the terminal point of use in a plumbing system. A shut-off valve is typically located in the hot and water supply at the fixture connection. 2.1 Water Supply System Fixture Connection A fixture connection runs from the fixture branch to the fixture, the terminal point of use in a plumbing system. A shut-off valve is typically located in the hot and water supply at the fixture connection. 2.1 Water Supply System General Water Distribution System Layout Rigid-Pipe Distribution Configuration Homerun (Manifold) Distribution Configuration 2.1 Water Supply System Rigid-Pipe Distribution Configuration In a conventional rigid-pipe water distribution method, fixture branches extend from a riser or main to the individual fixture being connected. A fixture branch is usually run in the floor or in the wall behind the fixtures. 2.1 Water Supply System Homerun / Manifold Distribution Configuration In the innovative homerun water distribution method, individual branches begin at a main manifold located in a utility room or basement, usually near the water service. Individual hot and cold water branches extend uninterrupted to each plumbing fixture or a fixture group. 2.1 Water Supply System Two basic types of water supply distribution systems Upfeed Distribution System (conventional) - pumped upfeed system Downfeed Distribution System 2.1 Water Supply System Upfeed Distribution System In a conventional upfeed system, water pressure from the water supply main is relied on to drive water flow through the system. 2.1 Water Supply System Upfeed Distribution System 2.1 Water Supply System Pumped Upfeed Distribution System In tall buildings, water must be supplied though a pumped upfeed distribution system. A pumped upfeed system is one in which water entering the building flows through pumps that maintain adequate water pressure throughout the structure sufficient to operate any plumbing fixture. 2.1 Water Supply System Downfeed Distribution System In buildings that cannot be adequately services to the top floor by an upfeed system, water is pumped to elevated storage tanks in, or on, the building, and the water is fed down into the building by gravity. The gravity system, fed from the upper stories to the lower, is called a downfeed distribution system. 2.2 Water Pressure Considerations Hydrostatic Pressure The hydrostatic force per unit area, and is perpendicular to the interior walls at every point. 2.2 Water Pressure Considerations Water Pressure Water pressure available at the water service is lost as water flows through the piping of a plumbing system. This pressure loss or pressure drop in a plumbing system is from friction loss as the water moves through the system and pressure loss as water is forces to a higher elevation. 2.2 Water Pressure Considerations Pressure Difference Pressure difference (∆𝑃) is the driving force of fluid flow. Static Head - pressure difference from elevation change Pressure losses from friction Thank you!  CE0065 Engineering Utilities 2  MODULE 3 Domestic Water Heating Domestic water heating - Refers to the process of warming water for personal use and this consumes a large amount of energy - Careful planning always ensures adequate supply of water at the desired temperature to each fixture - The design of hot water supply depends on the location and age of the building ▪ There are different ways of heating domestic hot water but the types domestic water heating can be divided into two categories: o Hot water stored in a cylinder o Cold water is heated on demand  Direct Boiler System - Hot water is stored in a galvanized tank - Cold water is fed to the boiler then the boiler heats up the water and returns the water to the tank - Either by immersion or boiler  Indirect Boiler System - Water cylinder contains coil of pipe that is attached to the boiler - The heat from the boiler indirectly heats up the water in the cylinder  Unvented system - Uses stainless steel pressure vessel - Consists of safety devices built in the system due to pressure and expansion caused by hot water - Maintains good flow rate  Unvented system  Thermal storage system - Boiler heats the water and sends it to a cylinder then on the central heating - Expansion tank is incorporated on top of the main tank - Must be installed in the highest possible level in the house  Single point - Water heater is placed next to the point they serve - The heater must be wired directly to the fusebox  Multipoint - Most common is the combination boiler - The heater is placed on the point it serve but can supply many fixtures Main Types of Water Heater: Conventional Storage Tank - Features a tank that holds water to be heated PROS CONS ✓Cost effective x Large bulk units ✓Ready supply of hot water x You pay hot water 24/7 ✓Low maintenance x Water availability depends ✓Long-lasting on the tank size Main Types of Water Heater: Point-of-use - Small water heaters installed near the plumbing fixture - Available in both conventional and tankless - Common is single-point electric PROS CONS ✓Relatively cheap x inefficient ✓Easy to provide hot water to one fixture Main Types of Water Heater: Solar powered - Uses solar energy to heat up water Have a large insulated tank - Comes with either electric or gas back-up PROS CONS ✓Environmentally friendly x Too expensive to purchase ✓Less expensive in the long and install run x Suited to areas with hot ✓Extremely energy efficient climate Main Types of Water Heater: Heat pump/ - heat is captured form the air or hybrid ground and pumped through the system to heat the water PROS CONS ✓Environmentally friendly x Expensive to purchase ✓Extremely energy efficient x Requires warm climate x Requires large amount of space x Regular cleanup Main Types of Water Heater: Condensing - uses home’s waste gase fumes - Suited to homes that use natural gas - Most common to areas in cooler climate PROS CONS ✓Environmentally friendly x Available in large units ✓energy efficient x Suited to homes with year- ✓Low running cost round heating Main Types of Water Heater: Combination - Water-heating system and central-heating boiler system PROS CONS ✓Low running cost x Expensive to purchase ✓Small space-saving units x Suited to homes located in areas that require year-round heating