مواد فينولية PDF

‫البحث الرابع‬ ‫المواد الفينولية‬ ‫المواد الفينولية والغليكوزيدات الفينولية‬ ‫‪PHENOLIC‬‬ ‫‪GLYCOSIDES &PHENOLS‬‬  Phenol probably constitute the largest group of plant secondary metabolites. (8000 phenolic structures have been ۸۰۰۰ ‫اﻟﻔﯾﻧوﻻت ﺗﻘرﯾﺑﺎ ﺗﺷﻛل اﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ...

‫البحث الرابع‬ ‫المواد الفينولية‬ ‫المواد الفينولية والغليكوزيدات الفينولية‬ ‫‪PHENOLIC‬‬ ‫‪GLYCOSIDES &PHENOLS‬‬  Phenol probably constitute the largest group of plant secondary metabolites. (8000 phenolic structures have been ۸۰۰۰ ‫اﻟﻔﯾﻧوﻻت ﺗﻘرﯾﺑﺎ ﺗﺷﻛل اﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ اﻻﻛﺑر ﻣن اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﻠﺑﺎت اﻟﺛﺎﻧوﯾﺔ اﻟﻧﺑﺎﺗﯾﺔ )ﺗم ذﻛر‬ reported) (‫ﺗرﻛﯾﺑﺔ ﻓﯾﻧوﻟﯾﺔ‬ Phenols are aromatic compounds (aromatic cycle linked to hydroxylic اروﻣﺎﺗﯾﺔ‬ groups). (‫)ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﻋطرﯾﺔ ﻣرﺗﺑطﺔ ﺑﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ ھﯾدروﻛﺳﯾل‬  ‫ﺗﻌﺗﺑر اﻟﻔﯾﻧوﻻت ﻣﺣﺗوﯾﺎت ﻣﮭﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌض اﻟﻧﺑﺎﺗﺎت اﻟطﺑﯾﺔ وﻓﻲ اﻟﺻﻧﻌﺎت اﻟﻐذاﺋﯾﺔ‬ Phenols are important constituents of some medicinal plants and in the food industry they are utilized as :‫ﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﺧداﻣﮭﺎ ﻛﺎﻻﺗﻲ‬  colouring agents (‫ﻋﺎﻣل ﺗﻠوﯾن)ﻣﻠون‬  flavourings ( ‫ﻣﻧﻛﮫ )اﻋطﺎء طﻌم ﻣﺣﺑب‬  aromatizers( ‫ﻣﻌطر ) ﯾﻌطﻲ راﺋﺣﺔ ﻣﺣﺑﺑﺔ‬  antioxidants. ‫ﻣﺿﺎد اﻛﺳدة‬  ‫اﻟﺰﻣﺮ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻔﯿﻨﻮﻻت‬ ‫‪PHENOLIC CLASSES‬‬ ‫اﻟﻣرﻛﺑﺎت اﻟﻔﯾﻧوﻟﯾﺔ اﻟﺑﺳﯾطﺔ ‪ Simple phenolic compounds‬‬ ‫‪ Tannins‬‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺎﻧﯾﻧﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻛوﻣﺎرﯾﻧﺎت واﻟﻐﻠﯾﻛوزﯾدات اﻟﻛوﻣﺎرﯾﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫‪ Coumarins and glycosides of coumarins‬‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺗراﻛﯾﻧوﻧﺎت واﻟﻐﻠﯾﻛوزﯾدات اﻻﻧﺗراﻛﯾﻧوﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫‪ Anthraquinons and glycosides of anthraquinons‬‬ ‫‪ Naphtoquinons‬‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺎﻓﺗﺎﻛﯾﻧوﻧﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻼﻓوﻧوﺋﯾدات واﻟﻐﻠﯾﻛوزﯾدات اﻟﻔﻼﻓوﻧوﺋﯾدﯾﺔ‬ ‫‪ Flavonoides and glycosides of flavonoides‬‬ ‫‪ Anthocyanidines and anthocyanins‬‬ ‫اﻧﺛوﺳﯾﺎﻧﯾدات واﺛوﺳﯾﺎﻧﯾن‬ ‫‪ Lignans‬‬ ‫اﻟﻠﯾﻐﻧﺎﻧﺎت‬  ‫اﻧﺣﻼﻟﯾﺔ اﻟﻣرﻛﺑﺎت اﻟﻔﯾﻧوﻟﯾﺔ‬ SOLUBILITY OF PHENOLIC EUGEOL ‫ﺗوﺟد ﻓﻲ‬: COMPOUNDS ‫اﻟﻘرﻧﻔل‬ ‫ﻣرﻛﺑﺎت ﻣﺣﺑﺔ ﻟﻠدﺳم‬ Lipophylic compounds which can be extracted with ‫اﻻﯾﺟوﻧول‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ ﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﺧﻼﺻﮭﺎ ﺑواﺳطﺔ اﻟﺟرف ﺑﺑﺧﺎر اﻟﻣﺎء‬ water steam distillation (eugenol) ‫اﻟﻔﯾﻧوﻻت اﻟﺟﻠﯾﻛوزﯾدﯾﺔ‬ Glycosidic phenols which can be dissolved in ‫اﻟﺗﻲ ﯾﻣﻛن ان ﺗﻧﺣل ﻓﻲ ﺧﻼت اﻻﯾﺛﯾل و اﻻﯾﺗﺎﻧول‬ ethylacetat and ethanol ‫اﻣﻼح اﻟﻔﯾﻧوﻻت‬ Phenolic salts which are soluble in water (‫اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻧﺣل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺎء )اﻻﻧﺗوﺳﯾﺎﻧﯾدات‬ (antocyanidins) ‫ﻓﯾﻧوﻻت ﻋل ﺷﻛل ﺑوﻟﯾﻣﯾرات ﺿﺧﻣﺔ‬ High polymeric phenols which are not soluble in cold ‫اﻟﺗﻲ ﻻ ﯾﻣﻛن ان ﺗﻧﺣل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺎء‬ water or organic solutions (phlobaphens) ‫اﻟﺑﺎرد و اﻟﻣﺣﻼت اﻟﻌﺿوﯾﺔ‬ (‫)اﻟﻔﻠوﺑﺎﻓﯾﻧﺎت‬  ‫اﻟﻐﻠﯿﻜﻮزﯾﺪات‬ GLYCOSIDES ‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ‬ Definition: Organic natural compounds present in a ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت ﻋﻀﻮﯾﺔ طﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ‬ lot of plants and some animals, these ‫اﻟﻌﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻮاﺟﺪ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت وﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ ھﺬه‬- ‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت‬ compounds upon hydrolysis give ‫اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت ﺗﻌﻄﻲ‬ : ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻠﻤﮭﺔ‬ ( ‫ﻗﺴﻢ ﺳﻜﺮي واﺣﺪ او اﻛﺜﺮ ) ﻏﻠﯿﻜﻮن‬ 1- one or more sugars (glycone) ( ‫ﻗﺴﻢ ﻻ ﺳﻜﺮي ) اﻏﻠﯿﻜﻮن‬ 2- non sugar (aglycone) or called genin. ( ‫او ﻧﺪﻋﻮه ) ﺟﯿﻨﯿﻦ‬  ‫ﻗﺴﻢ ﺳﻜﺮي‬ ‫ﺑﺲ ﻓﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻢ ﻻ ﺳﻜﺮي‬ ‫اﻻوﻛﺴﺠﯿﻦ اﻟﻐﻠﻜﻮزﯾﺪي‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺳﻜﺮي‬ ‫ﻻ ﺳﻜﺮي‬ ‫ﺳﻜﺮي‬ ‫ﺳﻜﺮي‬  ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻻﺟﺰاء اﻟﺠﻠﯿﻜﻮزﯾﺪﯾﺔ‬ ‫‪SEPARATION BETWEEN GLYCOSIDES PARTS:‬‬ ‫‪ The best solvent to extract aglycone is ethyl acetate‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻞ اﻻﻓﻀﻞ ﻻﺳﺘﺨﻼص اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻼﺳﻜﺮي ھﻮ ﺧﻼت اﻻﯾﺜﯿﻞ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‪:‬‬ ‫‪because:‬‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺰوج ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫‪A- immiscible in water.‬‬ ‫داﺋﻤﺎ ﯾﺘﻮﺿﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮﯾﺔ )ﻻﻧﮫ اﻗﻞ ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ(‬ ‫‪B- always presents in the upper layer.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺤﻮل واﻻﺳﯿﺘﻮن ﻣﺰوﺟﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻻ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮭﻢ ﻛﻤﺤﻼت ﻋﻀﻮﯾﺔ ﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻼ ﺳﻜﺮي‬ ‫‪ Alcohol and acetone are water miscible compounds, so‬‬ ‫‪we can't use them as organic solvents for aglycone‬‬ ‫‪separation.‬‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اي ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﻻ ﯾﻤﺘﺰج ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻼﺳﻜﺮي )اﻟﻜﻠﻮروﻓﻮرم(‬