Fetal Lifespan and Development Review

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is primarily responsible for determining the biological sex of a fetus?

Hormones released during pregnancy

Environmental factors

DNA includes sex chromosomes that determine the biological sex of the fetus (correct)

The mother's health during pregnancy

Which week do breathing movements become evident in fetal development?

Weeks 6-8

Weeks 35-37

Weeks 23-26

Weeks 11-14 (correct)

At what stage is surfactant produced in the fetal lungs?

Week 20-22

Week 30-32

Week 23-26 (correct)

Week 38-40

Which of the following is a potential risk factor for birth defects?

Exposure to teratogens Signup and view all the answers

What condition is identified as a contraindication for a medication abortion?

Presence of ectopic pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

During which weeks are the kidneys fully formed in a developing fetus?

Weeks 31-34 Signup and view all the answers

What is a sign of a threatened spontaneous abortion?

Cramping and bleeding with a closed cervix Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a presumptive sign of pregnancy?

Breast tenderness Signup and view all the answers

What indicates that a woman may be experiencing preterm labor?

Bleeding Signup and view all the answers

Why is maintaining a full bladder important before a fetal anatomy ultrasound?

To enhance visibility of fetal structures Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for a fetal heart rate?

110-160 bpm Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is primarily responsible for maintaining the health of the uterine wall during pregnancy?

Progesterone Signup and view all the answers

What does Leopold Maneuvers help to determine?

Positioning of the fetus in the uterus Signup and view all the answers

How should fetal kick counts be recorded for accurate assessment?

Count at the same time every day over 2-3 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Naegele's Rule?

To determine the estimated date of birth Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a probable sign of pregnancy?

Abdominal cramping Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant risk factor for thrombophilia inherited from a family member?

Factor V Leiden Signup and view all the answers

Which age ranges are associated with an increased risk for molar pregnancy?

Age < 15 and > 35 Signup and view all the answers

What increases the risk for blood clots during pregnancy?

Increased blood volume Signup and view all the answers

What finding is consistent with a diagnosis of spontaneous abortion?

Fetal length greater than 7mm with absence of fetal heart tones Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common symptom of placenta previa?

Light, chronic, intermittent bleeding Signup and view all the answers

What is the priority intervention for a client with acute placental abruption?

Start IV and monitor vital signs Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is commonly used for cervical insufficiency to help prevent premature delivery?

Progesterone Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential aspect of discharge teaching for a client following surgery for a molar pregnancy?

Call the doctor for heavy vaginal bleeding Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected range for the glucose challenge screening?

< 140 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about alcohol use during pregnancy is correct?

No alcohol should be consumed for best outcomes. Signup and view all the answers

What does the letter 'G' in GTPAL stand for?

Gravida Signup and view all the answers

Which nonmodifiable risk factor is associated with complications in pregnancy?

Maternal age Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected outcome of a nonstress test (NST)?

Fetal heart rate increases of 15/min for 15 seconds Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is known to increase the risk of preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM)?

Polyhydramnios Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is a risk factor for high blood pressure during pregnancy?

Maternal age 35 or older Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of marginal placenta previa if the placenta does not migrate up by the third trimester?

It is known as marginal placenta previa Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary clinical manifestation of HELLP syndrome?

Elevated liver enzymes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following should be included in health promotion for gestational hypertension?

Exercise regularly Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of oligohydramnios?

Chronic uteroplacental ischemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism during pregnancy?

Graves' disease Signup and view all the answers

What should be monitored every 2 months during pregnancy for a client with gestational diabetes mellitus?

Hemoglobin A1C Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason magnesium sulfate is administered in cases of HELLP syndrome?

For seizure prophylaxis Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is associated with an increased risk for gestational diabetes mellitus?

Family history of diabetes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an expected client change related to eclampsia?

Improved placental blood flow Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Fetal Lifespan Review

Biological sex is determined by DNA's sex chromosomes.
Umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood from placenta to fetus.
Umbilical arteries carry deoxygenated blood and waste from fetus to placenta.
Yolk sac provides nutrition and gas exchange for the embryo.
Teratogens, medications, chemicals, and radiation are some birth defect risks.
Cannabis, illicit drugs, and alcohol/infections like rubella are also risk factors.
Fetal respiratory system development begins weeks 11-14 with breathing movements.
Surfactant production occurs between weeks 23-26, critical for lung function.
Lungs fully develop around weeks 38-40.
Fetal heart development begins at week 6.
Kidney development is complete by week 31-34.
Testes descend into the scrotum by week 6.
Infant born at term demonstrates specific findings.

Fetal Development Review

Musculoskeletal system fully develops by week 37(muscles week 35-37, bones week 37).
Contraindications for medication abortion include IUD placement, ectopic pregnancy, anticoagulant use, and hemodynamic instability.
Pregnancy contraindications can exist due to conditions such as severe kidney disease, chronic kidney disease (potential loss of renal function), cardiovascular disease, and pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Risk factors for spontaneous abortion include complete, incomplete, inevitable, threatened, and missed abortion, with incomplete or complete being most common. Cardiac activity is absent in missed abortion.
Common findings in a 32-week-old infant.

Uncomplicated/Healthy Pregnancy Review

Presumptive (suspected) signs of pregnancy include amenorrhea, breast tenderness, and fatigue, felt by the client.
Normal third trimester body changes include potential hemorrhoids, swollen feet, insomnia, belly tightening, and bleeding (potentially signifying preterm labor).
Fetal ultrasound requirements include hydration, often a full bladder.
Leopold maneuvers are used for positioning the fetus within the uterus.
Kick counts are counted for a minimum of 2 to 3 hours twice daily and should exceed 10 kicks.
Abnormal findings in the third trimester may include hemorrhoids and swollen feet, insomnia, and belly tightening.
Maternal heart rate elevated by 20% from the baseline is considered normal.
Respiratory changes are normal during pregnancy.
7-day duration of pregnancy after delivery is considered term, with possible anomalies identified.

Pregnancy Review

hCG is used to confirm pregnancy.
Uterine health is maintained by progesterone.
Estrogen promotes blood vessel growth and uterine and fetal organ development.
Prolactin is responsible for breast growth and milk production.
Normal fetal heart rate is 110-160 bpm.
Possible positive pregnancy tests, ballottement (a gentle tapping), softening of the cervix, and blue discoloration can signify a probable pregnancy.
Naegele's rule is used to estimate the date of birth.
First trimester laboratory tests, urinalysis, may include small amounts of protein considered normal.
True labor manifestations include contractions increasing in intensity with fluid leakage from the vagina and bloody mucus.
Glucose challenge screening involves consuming glucose and monitoring blood sugar levels.
Risks for pregnancy complications are reviewed, including high-risk pregnancy management.
Recommendations for alcohol and drug use during pregnancy are covered, stressing negative impact.

Complications of Pregnancy Review

Risk factors for thrombophilia.
Pathophysiology of increased risk for blood clots during pregnancy.
Molar pregnancy risk factors include age, history, and infertility.
Risk factors for ruptured ectopic pregnancy.
Risk factors for placental abruption include polyhydramnios, smoking, cocaine use, and age greater than 35.
Most common cause of spontaneous abortion is fetal chromosomal abnormalities, and other modifiable lifestyle factors.
Common molar pregnancy findings.
Diagnostic findings for spontaneous abortion and possible heart tones by ultrasound.
Spontaneous abortion manifestations and testing, including CBC and coagulation.
Medical management for spontaneous abortions, often involving misoprostol.
Discharge teaching for patients following molar pregnancy surgery.
Cervical insufficiency may use progesterone.
Plan of care for thrombophilia patients and information.
Client education for complete molar pregnancies, emphasizing risk for future pregnancies and gestational trophoblastic neoplasia.
Priority nursing care for a patient with cervical insufficiency.
Hypertensive disorder indications are included, noting expected changes in pregnancy.
Preeclampsia/HELLP syndrome (hypertension) risk factors, manifestations, and the use of magnesium sulfate for treatment are discussed.
Client health promotion focus on gestational hypertension and recommendations.
Oligohydramnios primary cause is chronic uteroplacental ischemia.
Causes of hyperthyroidism include autoimmune disorders (Graves' disease), thyroiditis, and goiter.
Gestational diabetes mellitus and pregestational type 1 diabetes risks are reviewed, comparing differences.
Hyperemesis gravidarum causes, including hCG, increased estrogen, or multiple gestation pregnancies, alongside dehydration indications.
Important considerations regarding laboratory testing are highlighted for patients with gestational diabetes.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

This quiz covers key aspects of fetal lifespan and development, including the role of sex chromosomes, the circulatory system, and the development of organs such as the lungs and kidneys. It also addresses risks associated with teratogens and the timeline of various developmental milestones. Test your knowledge on how these factors contribute to a healthy pregnancy.