Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is primarily responsible for determining the biological sex of a fetus?
What is primarily responsible for determining the biological sex of a fetus?
- Hormones released during pregnancy
- Environmental factors
- DNA includes sex chromosomes that determine the biological sex of the fetus (correct)
- The mother's health during pregnancy
Which week do breathing movements become evident in fetal development?
Which week do breathing movements become evident in fetal development?
- Weeks 6-8
- Weeks 35-37
- Weeks 23-26
- Weeks 11-14 (correct)
At what stage is surfactant produced in the fetal lungs?
At what stage is surfactant produced in the fetal lungs?
- Week 20-22
- Week 30-32
- Week 23-26 (correct)
- Week 38-40
Which of the following is a potential risk factor for birth defects?
Which of the following is a potential risk factor for birth defects?
What condition is identified as a contraindication for a medication abortion?
What condition is identified as a contraindication for a medication abortion?
During which weeks are the kidneys fully formed in a developing fetus?
During which weeks are the kidneys fully formed in a developing fetus?
What is a sign of a threatened spontaneous abortion?
What is a sign of a threatened spontaneous abortion?
Which of the following is a presumptive sign of pregnancy?
Which of the following is a presumptive sign of pregnancy?
What indicates that a woman may be experiencing preterm labor?
What indicates that a woman may be experiencing preterm labor?
Why is maintaining a full bladder important before a fetal anatomy ultrasound?
Why is maintaining a full bladder important before a fetal anatomy ultrasound?
What is the normal range for a fetal heart rate?
What is the normal range for a fetal heart rate?
Which hormone is primarily responsible for maintaining the health of the uterine wall during pregnancy?
Which hormone is primarily responsible for maintaining the health of the uterine wall during pregnancy?
What does Leopold Maneuvers help to determine?
What does Leopold Maneuvers help to determine?
How should fetal kick counts be recorded for accurate assessment?
How should fetal kick counts be recorded for accurate assessment?
What is the purpose of Naegele's Rule?
What is the purpose of Naegele's Rule?
Which of the following is NOT a probable sign of pregnancy?
Which of the following is NOT a probable sign of pregnancy?
What is a significant risk factor for thrombophilia inherited from a family member?
What is a significant risk factor for thrombophilia inherited from a family member?
Which age ranges are associated with an increased risk for molar pregnancy?
Which age ranges are associated with an increased risk for molar pregnancy?
What increases the risk for blood clots during pregnancy?
What increases the risk for blood clots during pregnancy?
What finding is consistent with a diagnosis of spontaneous abortion?
What finding is consistent with a diagnosis of spontaneous abortion?
Which of the following is a common symptom of placenta previa?
Which of the following is a common symptom of placenta previa?
What is the priority intervention for a client with acute placental abruption?
What is the priority intervention for a client with acute placental abruption?
Which treatment is commonly used for cervical insufficiency to help prevent premature delivery?
Which treatment is commonly used for cervical insufficiency to help prevent premature delivery?
What is an essential aspect of discharge teaching for a client following surgery for a molar pregnancy?
What is an essential aspect of discharge teaching for a client following surgery for a molar pregnancy?
What is the expected range for the glucose challenge screening?
What is the expected range for the glucose challenge screening?
Which of the following statements about alcohol use during pregnancy is correct?
Which of the following statements about alcohol use during pregnancy is correct?
What does the letter 'G' in GTPAL stand for?
What does the letter 'G' in GTPAL stand for?
Which nonmodifiable risk factor is associated with complications in pregnancy?
Which nonmodifiable risk factor is associated with complications in pregnancy?
What is the expected outcome of a nonstress test (NST)?
What is the expected outcome of a nonstress test (NST)?
Which of the following conditions is known to increase the risk of preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM)?
Which of the following conditions is known to increase the risk of preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM)?
Which condition is a risk factor for high blood pressure during pregnancy?
Which condition is a risk factor for high blood pressure during pregnancy?
What is the consequence of marginal placenta previa if the placenta does not migrate up by the third trimester?
What is the consequence of marginal placenta previa if the placenta does not migrate up by the third trimester?
What is the primary clinical manifestation of HELLP syndrome?
What is the primary clinical manifestation of HELLP syndrome?
Which of the following should be included in health promotion for gestational hypertension?
Which of the following should be included in health promotion for gestational hypertension?
What is the primary cause of oligohydramnios?
What is the primary cause of oligohydramnios?
What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism during pregnancy?
What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism during pregnancy?
What should be monitored every 2 months during pregnancy for a client with gestational diabetes mellitus?
What should be monitored every 2 months during pregnancy for a client with gestational diabetes mellitus?
What is the main reason magnesium sulfate is administered in cases of HELLP syndrome?
What is the main reason magnesium sulfate is administered in cases of HELLP syndrome?
Which factor is associated with an increased risk for gestational diabetes mellitus?
Which factor is associated with an increased risk for gestational diabetes mellitus?
Which of the following is NOT an expected client change related to eclampsia?
Which of the following is NOT an expected client change related to eclampsia?
Flashcards
What is the role of the Yolk sac in embryonic nutrition?
What is the role of the Yolk sac in embryonic nutrition?
The Yolk sac is the primary source of nutrition and gas exchange for the developing embryo.
What are the four main structures involved in fetal circulation?
What are the four main structures involved in fetal circulation?
The Yolk sac, Amniotic sac, Umbilical cord, Placenta
Explain embryonic nutrition.
Explain embryonic nutrition.
The process by which the fetus receives nutrients and oxygen from the mother's blood supply through the placenta.
What are the main risk factors for birth defects?
What are the main risk factors for birth defects?
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Describe the development of the fetal respiratory system.
Describe the development of the fetal respiratory system.
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When does the fetal cardiovascular system begin to function?
When does the fetal cardiovascular system begin to function?
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What is the timeline for development of the fetal genitourinary system?
What is the timeline for development of the fetal genitourinary system?
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Describe the different types of spontaneous abortions.
Describe the different types of spontaneous abortions.
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Full bladder for fetal anatomy ultrasound
Full bladder for fetal anatomy ultrasound
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Why are Leopold Maneuvers performed?
Why are Leopold Maneuvers performed?
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What are kick counts?
What are kick counts?
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What are normal 3rd trimester changes?
What are normal 3rd trimester changes?
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How does maternal heart rate change during pregnancy?
How does maternal heart rate change during pregnancy?
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How does pregnancy affect breathing?
How does pregnancy affect breathing?
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What are the main hormones during pregnancy?
What are the main hormones during pregnancy?
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What is the normal fetal heart rate?
What is the normal fetal heart rate?
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What is a Glucose Challenge?
What is a Glucose Challenge?
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What is a Nonstress Test (NST)?
What is a Nonstress Test (NST)?
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What is an Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) Test?
What is an Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) Test?
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What is a Placenta Previa?
What is a Placenta Previa?
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What is a Complete Miscarriage?
What is a Complete Miscarriage?
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What is an Incomplete Miscarriage?
What is an Incomplete Miscarriage?
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What is an Inevitable Miscarriage?
What is an Inevitable Miscarriage?
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What is a Missed Miscarriage?
What is a Missed Miscarriage?
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What is thrombophilia?
What is thrombophilia?
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What is Factor V Leiden?
What is Factor V Leiden?
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Why are pregnant women more prone to blood clots?
Why are pregnant women more prone to blood clots?
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What is a molar pregnancy?
What is a molar pregnancy?
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What is an ectopic pregnancy?
What is an ectopic pregnancy?
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What is placental abruption?
What is placental abruption?
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What is the most common cause of spontaneous abortions?
What is the most common cause of spontaneous abortions?
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What is a cerclage?
What is a cerclage?
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What is pre-eclampsia with severe features?
What is pre-eclampsia with severe features?
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What is HELLP syndrome?
What is HELLP syndrome?
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Why is magnesium sulfate given to treat HELLP syndrome?
Why is magnesium sulfate given to treat HELLP syndrome?
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What is oligohydramnios?
What is oligohydramnios?
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What are the causes of hyperthyroidism during pregnancy?
What are the causes of hyperthyroidism during pregnancy?
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What are the differences between pregestational type 1 diabetes and gestational diabetes?
What are the differences between pregestational type 1 diabetes and gestational diabetes?
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What are the possible causes of hyperemesis gravidarum?
What are the possible causes of hyperemesis gravidarum?
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Study Notes
Fetal Lifespan Review
- Biological sex is determined by DNA's sex chromosomes.
- Umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood from placenta to fetus.
- Umbilical arteries carry deoxygenated blood and waste from fetus to placenta.
- Yolk sac provides nutrition and gas exchange for the embryo.
- Teratogens, medications, chemicals, and radiation are some birth defect risks.
- Cannabis, illicit drugs, and alcohol/infections like rubella are also risk factors.
- Fetal respiratory system development begins weeks 11-14 with breathing movements.
- Surfactant production occurs between weeks 23-26, critical for lung function.
- Lungs fully develop around weeks 38-40.
- Fetal heart development begins at week 6.
- Kidney development is complete by week 31-34.
- Testes descend into the scrotum by week 6.
- Infant born at term demonstrates specific findings.
Fetal Development Review
- Musculoskeletal system fully develops by week 37(muscles week 35-37, bones week 37).
- Contraindications for medication abortion include IUD placement, ectopic pregnancy, anticoagulant use, and hemodynamic instability.
- Pregnancy contraindications can exist due to conditions such as severe kidney disease, chronic kidney disease (potential loss of renal function), cardiovascular disease, and pulmonary arterial hypertension.
- Risk factors for spontaneous abortion include complete, incomplete, inevitable, threatened, and missed abortion, with incomplete or complete being most common. Cardiac activity is absent in missed abortion.
- Common findings in a 32-week-old infant.
Uncomplicated/Healthy Pregnancy Review
- Presumptive (suspected) signs of pregnancy include amenorrhea, breast tenderness, and fatigue, felt by the client.
- Normal third trimester body changes include potential hemorrhoids, swollen feet, insomnia, belly tightening, and bleeding (potentially signifying preterm labor).
- Fetal ultrasound requirements include hydration, often a full bladder.
- Leopold maneuvers are used for positioning the fetus within the uterus.
- Kick counts are counted for a minimum of 2 to 3 hours twice daily and should exceed 10 kicks.
- Abnormal findings in the third trimester may include hemorrhoids and swollen feet, insomnia, and belly tightening.
- Maternal heart rate elevated by 20% from the baseline is considered normal.
- Respiratory changes are normal during pregnancy.
- 7-day duration of pregnancy after delivery is considered term, with possible anomalies identified.
Pregnancy Review
- hCG is used to confirm pregnancy.
- Uterine health is maintained by progesterone.
- Estrogen promotes blood vessel growth and uterine and fetal organ development.
- Prolactin is responsible for breast growth and milk production.
- Normal fetal heart rate is 110-160 bpm.
- Possible positive pregnancy tests, ballottement (a gentle tapping), softening of the cervix, and blue discoloration can signify a probable pregnancy.
- Naegele's rule is used to estimate the date of birth.
- First trimester laboratory tests, urinalysis, may include small amounts of protein considered normal.
- True labor manifestations include contractions increasing in intensity with fluid leakage from the vagina and bloody mucus.
- Glucose challenge screening involves consuming glucose and monitoring blood sugar levels.
- Risks for pregnancy complications are reviewed, including high-risk pregnancy management.
- Recommendations for alcohol and drug use during pregnancy are covered, stressing negative impact.
Complications of Pregnancy Review
- Risk factors for thrombophilia.
- Pathophysiology of increased risk for blood clots during pregnancy.
- Molar pregnancy risk factors include age, history, and infertility.
- Risk factors for ruptured ectopic pregnancy.
- Risk factors for placental abruption include polyhydramnios, smoking, cocaine use, and age greater than 35.
- Most common cause of spontaneous abortion is fetal chromosomal abnormalities, and other modifiable lifestyle factors.
- Common molar pregnancy findings.
- Diagnostic findings for spontaneous abortion and possible heart tones by ultrasound.
- Spontaneous abortion manifestations and testing, including CBC and coagulation.
- Medical management for spontaneous abortions, often involving misoprostol.
- Discharge teaching for patients following molar pregnancy surgery.
- Cervical insufficiency may use progesterone.
- Plan of care for thrombophilia patients and information.
- Client education for complete molar pregnancies, emphasizing risk for future pregnancies and gestational trophoblastic neoplasia.
- Priority nursing care for a patient with cervical insufficiency.
- Hypertensive disorder indications are included, noting expected changes in pregnancy.
- Preeclampsia/HELLP syndrome (hypertension) risk factors, manifestations, and the use of magnesium sulfate for treatment are discussed.
- Client health promotion focus on gestational hypertension and recommendations.
- Oligohydramnios primary cause is chronic uteroplacental ischemia.
- Causes of hyperthyroidism include autoimmune disorders (Graves' disease), thyroiditis, and goiter.
- Gestational diabetes mellitus and pregestational type 1 diabetes risks are reviewed, comparing differences.
- Hyperemesis gravidarum causes, including hCG, increased estrogen, or multiple gestation pregnancies, alongside dehydration indications.
- Important considerations regarding laboratory testing are highlighted for patients with gestational diabetes.
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Description
This quiz covers key aspects of fetal lifespan and development, including the role of sex chromosomes, the circulatory system, and the development of organs such as the lungs and kidneys. It also addresses risks associated with teratogens and the timeline of various developmental milestones. Test your knowledge on how these factors contribute to a healthy pregnancy.
