BI 131 Exam 5 PDF

BI 131 Exam 5 1. What color is youenBI 131 Exam 5 1. What color is your exam? A) Green B) Pink C) Yellow D) White 2. _______ is an example of an element. A) Water B) Nitrogen C) Glucose D) Salt 3. What are the four most common elements found in livi...

BI 131 Exam 5 1. What color is youenBI 131 Exam 5 1. What color is your exam? A) Green B) Pink C) Yellow D) White 2. _______ is an example of an element. A) Water B) Nitrogen C) Glucose D) Salt 3. What are the four most common elements found in living organisms? A) Nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and carbon B) Carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen C) Carbon, oxygen, potassium, and calcium D) Oxygen, calcium, hydrogen, and carbon 4. Which of the following elements is a trace element that is essential to life? A) Phosphorus B) Carbon C) Iron D) Calcium  5. What are the monomers of proteins? A) Glucose B) Nucleic acids C) Fatty acids D) Amino acids 6. Which of the following represents a simple sugar (also called a monosaccharide)? A) Lactose B) Cellulose C) Glucose D) Sucrose (table sugar) 7. To a large extent, a protein’s function is dependent upon its shape. What determines a protein’s shape? A) The location of the active site B) The sequence of amino acids C) The number of amino acids D) The number of peptide bonds 8. An atom’s _______ are found in its nucleus. A) Neutrons and protons B) Protons only C) Neutrons and electrons D) Electrons, protons, and neutrons  9. The hydrogen and oxygen atoms of a water molecule are held together by _______ bonds. A) Ionic B) Hydrogen C) Covalent D) Polar 10. An atom with an electrical charge is a(n): A) Isotope B) Molecule C) Ion D) Compound 11. Adjacent water molecules interact with one another via _______ bonds. A) Covalent only B) Ionic C) Polar and covalent D) Hydrogen 12. Human body cells are approximately: A) 95–99% water B) 25–35% water C) 50–55% water D) 70–95% water  13. As water freezes: A) Its molecules move farther apart B) It cools the surrounding environment C) Its hydrogen bonds break apart D) The water molecules become less polar 14. A base: A) Removes H2O molecules from a solution B) Decreases the pH of a solution C) Removes OH from a solution D) Removes H+ from a solution 15. Proteins are polymers constructed from _______ monomers. A) Monosaccharide B) Amino acid C) Nucleotide D) Fatty acid 16. What name is given to substances that resist changes in pH? A) Buffers B) Solutions C) Acids D) Bases 17. Which is a feature of prokaryotic cells but NOT eukaryotic cells? A) Fimbriae B) Cell wall C) Flagella D) Ribosomes 18. One difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells is that eukaryotic cells _______ prokaryotic cells. A) Have DNA, which is lacking in B) Have membrane-enclosed structures called organelles, which are lacking in C) Have a plasma membrane, which is lacking in D) Have a nucleoid region, which is lacking in 19. In eukaryotic cells, what name is given to the region that surrounds organelles but is not found inside the nucleus? A) Cytoplasm B) Phospholipid bilayer C) Nucleoid D) Chloroplast 20. _______ regulate traffic of chemicals in and out of the cell. A) Mitochondria B) Ribosomes C) Plasma membranes D) Chloroplasts 21.Which structure manufactures the components of ribosomes? A) Nucleus B) Cytoplasm C) Endoplasmic reticulum D) Nucleolus 22. All of the following options (except one) are locations where ribosomes are found inside the cell. Choose the exception. A) Inside the nucleus B) In the cytosol C) Attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum D) Attached to the outside of the nucleus 23. Where does protein synthesis take place? A) In the nucleolus B) On smooth endoplasmic reticulum C) On ribosomes D) In the nucleus 24. The endomembrane system includes: A) Ribosomes, lysosomes, vacuoles, and the endoplasmic reticulum B) Golgi apparatus, nucleolus, vacuoles, and the endoplasmic reticulum C) Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, ribosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum D) Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and the endoplasmic reticulum 25. Based on its function in detoxifying drugs, one would expect to find a large amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in _______ cells. A) Brain B) Liver C) Intestinal D) Muscle 26. Functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum include: A) Steroid synthesis, protein synthesis, and drug detoxification B) Lipid synthesis, protein synthesis, and drug detoxification C) Lipid synthesis and drug detoxification D) Lipid synthesis and storage of genetic information 27. Transport vesicles move proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to what other organelle? A) Mitochondria B) Nucleus C) Golgi apparatus D) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum 28. Which is a function of the Golgi apparatus? A) Digestion of organic matter inside the cell B) Protein modification C) Drug detoxification D) Cell respiration 29. Which part(s) of a cell is (are) most like the shipping center of a company? A) The Golgi apparatus B) Mitochondria C) Chloroplasts D) The nucleolus 30. Digestion of organic matter inside the cell takes place in what organelle? A) Golgi apparatus B) Mitochondrion C) Lysosome D) Rough endoplasmic reticulum 31. Vacuoles are _______ that may contain organic nutrients, pigments, and poisons. A) Membranous sacs B) Manufactured by ribosomes C) Composed of microtubules D) Found only in plant cells 32. In plant cells, _______ are responsible for photosynthesis. A) Mitochondria B) Chloroplasts C) Lysosomes D) Central vacuoles 33. Which makes up portions of the cytoskeleton? A) Cilia B) Flagella C) Microtubules D) All of the above 34. A process is referred to as aerobic if it requires: A) Oxygen B) Carbon dioxide C) ATP D) Carbohydrates 35. Humans are both: A) Heterotrophs and consumers B) Heterotrophs and producers C) Producers and decomposers D) Autotrophs and producers 36. The waste products of cellular respiration include: A) Water only B) Carbon dioxide only C) Water and carbon dioxide D) Water and glucose 37. Plant cells: A) Do not need chloroplasts because their mitochondria meet their energy needs B) Have chloroplasts and mitochondria C) Use carbon dioxide but do not use oxygen D) Do not need mitochondria because their chloroplasts meet their energy needs 38. The ultimate source of energy in food is: A) The sun B) Producers C) ATP D) Consumers 39. What compound directly provides energy for cellular work? A) C6H12O6 B) Glucose C) ATP D) Fat 40. The only stage of cellular respiration that is not dependent on the other stages of cellular respiration is: A) The electron transport chain B) The citric acid cycle C) Lactic acid fermentation D) Glycolysis 41. Which part of cellular respiration produces the most NADH? A) Electron transport chain B) Citric acid cycle C) Glycolysis D) Fermentation 42. Which of these stages occurs in the cytoplasm? A) Glycolysis B) Citric acid cycle C) Glycolysis and citric acid cycle D) Citric acid cycle and electron transport 43. What type of bond shares electrons? A) Ionic B) Hydrogen C) Covalent D) Glycosidic 44. Elements are: A) Pure substances with one type of atom B) Substances with two atoms C) Substances with many atoms D) Polypeptides 45) Which of the following is a characteristic of enzymes? A) Enzymes are carbohydrates. B) Enzymes speed up chemical reactions. C) Enzymes are consumed during reactions. D) Enzymes work at any temperature. 46) Which organelle is responsible for energy production in eukaryotic cells? A) Chloroplast B) Mitochondria C) Ribosome D) Golgi apparatus 47) What is the primary function of the plasma membrane? A) Storing genetic information B) Transporting proteins C) Regulating chemical traffic in and out of the cell D) Producing ATP 48) What molecule is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain? A) Carbon dioxide B) Oxygen C) Water D) ATP 49) During photosynthesis, what gas is consumed? A) Oxygen B) Carbon dioxide C) Nitrogen D) Hydrogen 50) The Calvin cycle of photosynthesis occurs in the: A) Thylakoid membrane B) Cytoplasm C) Stroma D) Nucleus are the four most common elements found in living organisms? A) Nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and carbon B) Carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen C) Carbon, oxygen, potassium, and calcium D) Oxygen, calcium, hydrogen, and carbon 4. Which of the following elements is a trace element that is essential to life? A) Phosphorus B) Carbon C) Iron D) Calcium 5. What are the monomers of proteins? A) Glucose