RCSI MNB.9 Introduction to Regenerative Medicine PDF

Musculoskeletal System, Nervous System & Bioelectricity MNB.9 Introduction to regenerative medicine Micha el B. Keogh DAT E: 0 9 0 7 2 02 5 Learning outcomes ALO 1: Outline the clinical need for regenerative medicine as an alternative to conventional approaches. ALO 2: Discuss the v...

Musculoskeletal System, Nervous System & Bioelectricity MNB.9 Introduction to regenerative medicine Micha el B. Keogh DAT E: 0 9 0 7 2 02 5 Learning outcomes ALO 1: Outline the clinical need for regenerative medicine as an alternative to conventional approaches. ALO 2: Discuss the various types of tissue graft and issues surrounding donor site morbidity and donor availability/ matching. ALO 3: Describe different approaches to regenerative medicine involving materials, cells and signaling molecules. ALO 4: Describe the properties required by a successful biomaterial – biocompatibility, biodegradability, architecture, immune response, mechanical properties. ALO 5: Describe the options available for obtaining therapeutic cell populations – allogeneic, autologous, somatic cells, stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, genetically engineered cells. ALO 6: Discuss the role of signaling molecules in regenerative medicine. MN B.9 In tro d uct io n to R e ge n era ti ve Me di ci ne 2  Lecture review Q.1. After having a bone injury or bone defect in humans, what are the different grafting methods conventionally used? Q.2. How many components are there in tissue engineering triad? Describe their name and role in tissue engineering. Questions to Q.3. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is used in bone tissue engineering in order to promote which part of the tissue? ponder by the end Q.4. What are Gene Activated Scaffolds? Q.5 Describe the different properties of a tissue engineered scaffold, which are important of this lecture! for its applications in regenerative medicine. 3 MN B.9 In tro d uct io n to R e ge n era ti ve Me di ci ne ALO 1: Clinical need for new approaches 2023 The global regenerative medicine market size was valued at USD 30.43 billion in 2023 and is Statistics expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 16.79% from 2024 to 2030. Factors influencing the market include 1. Longevity & population increase 2. Advancements in cell biology, genomic research, and gene editing technology 3. Stem cell-based regenerative therapies and attitudes towards embryonic stem cell therapy 4. Post COVID reflection and industry support (e.g. Novartis continuing in CAR-T therapy) https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry- analysis/regenerative-medicine-market MN B.9 In tro d uct io n to Bi o en g in e eri n g 4  ALO 2: Types of grafts and graft substitutes. Historically, damaged tissue was surgically treated via forms of mechanical closure to reduce bleeding and infections like septicaemia. Less attention was given to tissue regeneration or the recovery of organ function. Traditional Approaches to replace ‘missing’ or damaged organs Autograft (60%) Allograft (30%) Xenograft ( 99% Arlyng Gonzalez-Vazquez et al, Biomaterials, 2021 hMSCs JNK3* free JNK3* Scaffold JNK3*/F-Actin JNK3* scaffold enhanced the osteogenic capacity of A-MSCs by activating JNK3 DEVELOPMENT OF JNK3* SCAFFOLD FOR BONE REPAIR 4 weeks Empty BMP2 JNK3*Free JNK3* Scaffold Arlyng Gonzalez-Vazquez et al, Biomaterials, 2021  Therapeutic molecules targeting: BMP2 and/or VEGF Collagen HA Scaffold Take home message Regenerative medicine based strategies can be utilised for enhancing tissue repair in situ by developing biomaterials capable of releasing therapeutic molecules that enhance the stem cell regenerative potential, thus accelerating regeneration  Laiva A, O’ Brien, F.J., Keogh M.B "Innovations in Genes and Growth Factor delivery systems for Diabetic Wound Healing." (2018) Journal of Tissue Engineering and Learning Regenerative Medicine, 12(1), e296-e312. Hustedt JW, Blizzard DJ. The controversy surrounding bone Resources morphogenetic proteins in the spine: a review of current research. Yale J Biol Med. 2014 Dec 12;87(4):549-61. PMID: 25506287; PMCID: PMC4257039. Curtin et al. (2012) Advanced Materials 24(6):749-54 MNB.X Lecture Title 24 Thank you F O R M O R E I N F O R M AT I O N P L E A S E C O N TA N T N AM E S UR NA ME E MA IL: N AM E@ RC SI.C OM 25