MNB.09 Intro to Regenerative Medicine PDF

Musculoskeletal System, Nervous System & Bioelectricity MNB.9 Introduction to regenerative medicine D r. To m H o d g k i n s o n Learning outcomes ALO 1: Outline the clinical need for regenerative medicine as an alternative to conventional approaches. ALO 2: Discuss the various types of tiss...

Musculoskeletal System, Nervous System & Bioelectricity MNB.9 Introduction to regenerative medicine D r. To m H o d g k i n s o n Learning outcomes ALO 1: Outline the clinical need for regenerative medicine as an alternative to conventional approaches. ALO 2: Discuss the various types of tissue graft and issues surrounding donor site morbidity and donor availability/ matching. ALO 3: Describe different approaches to regenerative medicine involving materials, cells and signaling molecules. ALO 4: Describe the properties required by a successful biomaterial – biocompatibility, biodegradability, architecture, immune response, mechanical properties. ALO 5: Describe the options available for obtaining therapeutic cell populations – allogeneic, autologous, somatic cells, stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, genetically engineered cells. ALO 6: Discuss the role of signaling molecules in regenerative medicine. MNB.9 Introduction to Regenerative Medicine 2  What is regenerative medicine? Interdisciplinary field bringing together life sciences and engineering. Replacing, engineering or regenerating cells, tissues or organs to restore or establish normal function. Has the potential to repair previously difficult to heal or irreparable tissues and organs. Also includes growing of tissues/ organs or models of them in the lab for study or implantation (Tissue Engineering). Concept of producing new cells to replace malfunctioning or damaged cells to treat disease or injury. Particular promise for diseases or injuries with no current effective treatment. 3 Why do we need regenerative medicine? Organ donation shortage, organ transplantation rejection Donor site morbidity Models of healthy tissue and disease Drug discovery and testing Targeting of diseases with genetic component 4 Clinical Need for Regenerative Medicine 2023 The global regenerative medicine market size was valued at USD 30.43 billion in 2023 and Statistics is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 16.79% from 2024 to 2030. Factors influencing the market include 1. Longevity & population increase 2. Advancements in cell biology, genomic research, and gene editing technology 3. Stem cell-based regenerative therapies and attitudes towards embryonic stem cell therapy 4. Post COVID reflection and industry support (e.g. Novartis continuing in CAR-T therapy) https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analy sis/regenerative-medicine-market MNB.9 Introduction to Regenerative Medicine 5 Strategies for Regenerative Medicine Large diversity in approaches. Heart valve Mimic the structures and properties seen in natural extracellular matrix- tissue dependent – components, architecture, mechanical properties, biochemical properties. Can try to mimic mature tissue or provisional/ wound healing tissue stage to enhance healing responses. Can be acellular structures or cell-based therapies. Biomaterials can provide instructive cues and gradients to instruct cell behaviour. Spinal cord repair Bone-to-cartilage interface Intestine model 6 Types of grafts and Graft Substitutes Historically, damaged tissue was surgically treated via forms of mechanical closure to reduce bleeding and infections like septicaemia. Less attention was given to tissue regeneration or the recovery of organ function beyond patient survival. Traditional Approaches to replace ‘missing’ or damaged organs Autograft (60%) Allograft (30%) Xenograft ( 99% Arlyng Gonzalez-Vazquez et al, Biomaterials, 2021 hMSCs JNK3* free JNK3* Scaffold JNK3*/F-Actin JNK3* scaffold enhanced the osteogenic capacity of A-MSCs by activating JNK3 Development Of Jnk3* Scaffold For Bone Repair 4 weeks Empty BMP2 JNK3*Free JNK3* Scaffold Arlyng Gonzalez-Vazquez et al, Biomaterials, Learning outcomes ALO 1: Outline the clinical need for regenerative medicine as an alternative to conventional approaches. ALO 2: Discuss the various types of tissue graft and issues surrounding donor site morbidity and donor availability/ matching. ALO 3: Describe different approaches to regenerative medicine involving materials, cells and signaling molecules. ALO 4: Describe the properties required by a successful biomaterial – biocompatibility, biodegradability, architecture, immune response, mechanical properties. ALO 5: Describe the options available for obtaining therapeutic cell populations – allogeneic, autologous, somatic cells, stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, genetically engineered cells. ALO 6: Discuss the role of signaling molecules in regenerative medicine. MNB.9 Introduction to Regenerative Medicine 25  Laiva A, O’ Brien, F.J., Keogh M.B "Innovations in Genes and Growth Factor delivery systems for Diabetic Wound Healing." (2018) Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Learning Medicine, 12(1), e296-e312. Resources Hustedt JW, Blizzard DJ. The controversy surrounding bone morphogenetic proteins in the spine: a review of current research. Yale J Biol Med. 2014 Dec 12;87(4):549-61. PMID: 25506287; PMCID: PMC4257039. Curtin et al. (2012) Advanced Materials 24(6):749-54 26 Thank you F O R M O R E I N F O R M AT I O N P L E A S E C O N TA N T To m H o d g k i n s o n E M A I L : To m h o d g k i n s o n @ R C S I. C O M 27