Minerals - Safa PDF

MINERALS BY: Safa Yousif Babekir LEARNING OUTCOME: Define a mineral. Biomedical importance. Classes of mineral. The principal functions of mineral in metabolism. Diseases associated with deficiency of the minerals. Toxicity of excessive intakes of the mineral. DEFINITION OF MINERAL Minerals...

MINERALS BY: Safa Yousif Babekir LEARNING OUTCOME: Define a mineral. Biomedical importance. Classes of mineral. The principal functions of mineral in metabolism. Diseases associated with deficiency of the minerals. Toxicity of excessive intakes of the mineral. DEFINITION OF MINERAL Minerals are inorganic elements required in the diet. They are needed in small amounts (mg or μg). BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE: Establish ion gradients across membranes (Cl, K, Na). maintain water balance (Cl, K, Na). Neutralize positive and negative charges on proteins and other molecules (Cl, K, Na). Structural components of bones and teeth. Calcium involved in hormone action and blood clotting. Phosphorus is required for the formation of ATP. Magnesium activates many enzymes. Iron is component of hemoglobin. CLASSIFICATION OF MINERALS Macro-minerals Micro-minerals Required in amounts Required in amounts of greater than 100 100 mg/day or less mg/day. Include: Iron Fe Include: Zinc Zn Calcium Ca Iodine I Phosphorous P Fluoride F Magnesium Mg Selenium Se Sodium Na Cupper Cu Potassium K Chromium Cr Manganese Mn Chlorine Cl Cobalt Co MACRO-MINERALS: Calcium Ca Phosphorous P Magnesium Mg Sodium Na Potassium K Chlorine Cl CALCIUM Ca:. Phosphorous P. Magnesium Mg:. Sodium Na:. Potassium K:. Chlorine Cl:. MICRO-MINERALS Iron Fe Zinc Zn Iodine I Fluoride F Selenium Se Cupper Cu Chromium Cr Manganese Mn Cobalt Co Iron Fe:. Zinc Zn:. Iodine I:. Fluoride F:. Selenium Se:. Cupper Cu:. Chromium Cr:. Manganese Mn:. Cobalt Co:. OTHER MICRO-MINERALS Found in humans but the functions of which have not been known till now: Sr (strontium) Br (bromine) Au (gold) Ag (silver) Al (aluminum) Bi (bismuth) As (arsenic) B (boron) ‫ﻳﻴ ﺟﺒ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﻤﺢ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺮف‬ ‫وﺟﻬﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺮور‬