MIL-MT-reviewer.pdf

MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY MIDTERM REVIEWER LESSON 1 media content, i.e., media produced and delivered to the audience. INTRODUCTION TO MEDIA AND INFORMATION...

MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY MIDTERM REVIEWER LESSON 1 media content, i.e., media produced and delivered to the audience. INTRODUCTION TO MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY MEDIA, INFORMATION, DIGITAL, TECHNOLOGY LITERACY, AND MIL COMMUNICATION, MEDIA AND INFORMATION, AND OTHER RELATED Media Literacy CONCEPTS - Understanding and using mass media in either an assertive or non-assertive way. Communication - Ability to read, analyze, evaluate, and - Communicare [L] = to share produce communication in a variety of - Act of conveying meanings from one media forms. entity or group to another through the use of mutually understood signs, Information Literacy symbols, and rules. - Ability to recognize when information is - A process whereby information is needed and to locate, evaluate, packaged channeled, and imparted by organize, use, and communicate a sender to a receiver via some media. information in its various formats. - All forms of communication require a sender, a message, a medium, and an Media and Information Literacy intended recipient. - Essential competencies (knowledge, skills, and attitude) that allow citizens to Media engage with media and other - Medium = channel / method information providers effectively and - Physical objects used to communicate develop critical thinking and life-long messages or mass communication learning skills for socializing and through physical objects. becoming active citizens. Information Technology Literacy - Data: Raw input. When processed or - Ability of an individual working arranged, makes a meaningful output. independently or with others- to - Information: processed outcome of responsibly, appropriately, and data. Data by itself is not significant by effectively use technological tools. itself, while info is significant by itself. - Knowledge: Facts or conditions of Digital Literacy having info or of being learned. - Ability to use digital technology, - Wisdom: ability to make sensible communication tools, or networks to decisions and give good advice locate, evaluate, use, and create because of the experience and information. knowledge one has. - Ability to understand and use - The message is information conveyed information in multiple formats from a through the communication process. wide range of sources when it is Information that is shaped and presented via computers and to a presented via any media becomes 1 Jeremiah O. // MIL MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY MIDTERM REVIEWER person’s ability to perform tasks effectively in a digital environment. PRODUCERS OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION THE NEED TO BE MEDIA AND LITERATE ★ Investigative - asking challenging and INDIVIDUALS AND PEOPLE important questions. ★ Thorough - one gathers adequate Freedom of expression - fundamental human information needed for the task at hand. right. It is used to indicate not only the freedom ★ Detail-oriented - being alert to the of verbal speech but any act of seeking, multitudes of available facts. receiving, and imparting information. ★ Creative - being able to present the Freedom of the press is a corollary to this right information produced in an attractive and and essential to the building and supporting of winsome manner using the appropriate communities and civil society. media. Freedom of information - right of citizens to access information held by public bodies. MEDIA HABITS, LIFESTYLES, AND PREFERENCES THE RESPONSIBLE USER OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY ★ Media habits - refer to the media usage of any group or demographic. Includes Inquisitiveness is the natural and healthy activities such as interacting with new eagerness to learn what’s going on in the world, media, reading magazines, and listening to and more importantly, to seek the truth. the radio. Possession of general knowledge is having an ★ Lifestyle - is another targeting tool, adequate broad knowledge of the relevant set knowing that people in certain stages of of facts that are useful to someone’s life and life have different buying habits. circumstances. ★ Preferences - particular media platforms Critical thinking is the ability to evaluate claims that have strong effects on people’s and statements and make informed mindsets that have become a habit. conclusions. Ability to communicate is the ability to MIL: LEARNING FROM HISTORY AND comprehend and share ideas into an BEYOND understandable form, either oral or written, using words and other codes and symbols. Professionalism is the application of relevant rules and standards. Objectivity means being free from biases and being uninfluenced by emotions or personal prejudices. Being ethical means adhering to established standards of right and wrong-also known as conscientiousness. 2 Jeremiah O. // MIL MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY MIDTERM REVIEWER LESSON 2 ★ Wireless telegraphy The Evolution of Media: TRADITIONAL ★ Typewriter TO NEW MEDIA ★ Telephone ★ Motion Picture - Kinetograph. Camera Pre-Industrial Age (before 1700s) used to take a series of photographs - People discovered fire, developed papers (considered as the first motion-picture from plants, and forged weapons and tools camera). Kinetoscope, a machine that could with stone, bronze, copper, and iron. project the moving images onto a screen. ★ Cave paintings in France ★ Commercial Motion Pictures - Auguste ★ Clay Tablets in Mesopotamia and Louis Lumière introduced the ★ Papyrus in Egypt Cinématographe, a projector that could ★ Acta Diurna in Rome - aka. Acta populi or show 16 frames per second. The earliest Acta publica. Recorded official business films were in black and white, under a and matters of public interest. Type of daily minute long and w/o recorded sound. gazette and, thus, a prototype of the ★ Motion Picture w/Sound - A sound film is modern newspaper. a motion picture with synchronized sound, ★ Printing Press using wood blocks or sound technologically coupled to image, ★ Dibao in China - type of publication issued as opposed to a silent film. by central and local gov. in imperial China. Aka. “palace reports” or “imperial bulletins” Electronic Age (1930s-1980s) ★ Codex in the Mayan Region - Maya - The invention of the transistor ushered in ceremonies, astronom (including the Electronic Age. People harnessed the constellations), dates, historical information power of transistors that led to the transistor and descriptions of Maya Gods and spirits. radio, electronic circuits, and early computers. In this age, long-distance Johannes Gutenberg - German inventor, communication became more efficient. introduced movable-type printing to Europe that ★ Television - telecommunication medium for started the Printing Revolution. transmitting & receiving moving images that ★ It played a key role in the development of can be monochrome (black-andwhite) or the Renaissance, the Reformation, the Age colored with or without accompanying of Enlightenment, and the Scientific and sound. Industrial Revolutions. ★ Large Electronic Computers - Electronic ★ The printing press paved the way for the Delay Storage Automatic Calculator emergence of the newspaper in the 1600s (EDSAC) was an early British computer. It as the popular medium of mass ran its first programs on May 6, 1949, communication. calculating a table of squares and a list of prime numbers. Industrial Age (1700s-1930s) ★ UNIVAC 1 - Universal Automatic Computer - People used the power of steam, developed 1, was designed as a commercial machine tools, and established iron data-processing computer,intended to production and the manufacturing of replace the punched-card accounting various products (including books through machines of the day. the printing press). 3 Jeremiah O. // MIL MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY MIDTERM REVIEWER ★ Mainframe Computers - IBM 704 - machines that could replace humans in various designed to solve complex problems in endeavors, including media and information large-scale settings, including science dissemination. business, government, and industry. ★ Personal Computers - Hewlett-Packard LESSON 3 9100A was the world's first programmable INFORMATION LITERACY scientific desktop calculator. INFORMATION LITERACY Information Age (1900s-2000s) ★ ability to find, evaluate, and use information - The Internet paved the way for faster effectively. Information can come from communications and the creation of the books, websites, videos, podcasts and social network. People advanced the even other people! use of microelectronics with the ★ helps us learn new things and become more invention of personal computers, mobile knowledgeable. It helps us be safe and devices, and wearable technology. avoid false or misleading information. Moreover, voice, image, sound, and data are digitized. CRITICAL THINKING ★ Web Browsers; Mosaic, Internet Explorer ★ Ability of an individual to understand the ★ Blogs; Blogspot, LiveJournal, WordPress interrelationships among things, assess info ★ Social Networks; Friendster, Multiply, FB, objectively and make a reasonable ★ Microblogs; Twitter, Tumblr judgment. ★ Portable computers; Laptops, Netbooks, iPad Tablets THE INFORMATION LITERATE PERSON IS ★ Smartphones ABLE TO: ★ E-books; EBook Reader, Google Play ★ Identify info - recognizing information Books, Apple Books needs ★ Determine info sources Emerging Trends Technology That Affects ★ Locate - locating or searching Media and Information information ★ Evaluate information Internet of Things - One of the technological ★ Organize information trends that is considered to have a significant ★ Use - using information in an ethical impact on M&I in the near future. IoT is a system efficient and effective way of interrelated computing devices, mechanical ★ Communicate - creating and digital machines, objects, animals, or people, communicating new knowledge that collectively transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or Who to identify the person/s human-to-computer interaction. What to know about something When to know specific time and date Artificial Intelligence - AI is a branch of Where to locate a place computer science that aims to create intelligent Why to state the reason or purpose machines that work and react like humans. The How to demonstrate the way or manner in common concern is the rise of robots and which things are done 4 Jeremiah O. // MIL MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY MIDTERM REVIEWER LESSON 4 and sound, giving the illusion a continuous movement. TYPES OF MEDIA NEW MEDIA PRINT MEDIA ★ Aka. Internet-based media ★ Consists of paper and ink, reproduced ★ Content is organized and distributed on through a printing process that is digital platforms. traditionally mechanical. ★ The advent of the Internet paved the way for ★ Dominated by mainstream media new avenues for information to reach the ★ A tangible product is in the hands of the audience, as well as new forms of recipient of the media. entertainment to be enjoyed by the masses. - Books: one of the most common forms - Augmented Reality: A technology that of print media. It is a written record of a superimposes a computer-generated body of knowledge about a topic. image on a user’s view of the real world. - Newspapers: common form of print - Hologram: three-dimensional image media. A periodical publication formed by the involvement of light containing info about current events. beams from a laser or other light - Newsletter: similar to newspaper but source. caters to a specific group. - Virtual Reality: computer-generated - Magazines - published regularly and simulation of a three-dimensional image contain a variety of articles. Either for or environment that can be interacted general or specific demography of with in a seemingly real or physical way readers. by a person using special electronic - Journals - regular publications about a equipment and gadgets. particular subject or professional act. - Media Convergence: coexistence of - Brochures - printed materials traditional and new media- print, containing info and images about a broadcast, radio, TV, the Internet, product, service, or event. mobile phones, and other, allowing media content to flow across various BROADCAST MEDIA platforms. ★ Used airwaves to reach audience ★ Uses direct satellite broadcasting MULTIMEDIA PERSONALITY ★ Reaches a wider audience than print media ★ A person who has a regular presence and is ★ Transmission is unhampered by physical being followed in traditional and new media. boundaries, and can reach even the The advent of new media made it easier for remotest parts of the archipelago or the celebrities to widen their reach to the world. masses across the different generational - Radio: the sound of the message and digital divide. reaches listeners. - Television: in audio-visual format reach the audience, both in real time (live) or by delayed broadcast. - Film: form of entertainment that enacts a story following a sequence of images 5 Jeremiah O. // MIL MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY MIDTERM REVIEWER LESSON 5 ★ Post Hoc/False Cause - Believing that MEDIA AND INFORMATION SOURCES correlation equals causation, e.g. 'The volleyball team gets better grades than the CHARACTERISTICS OF USEFUL INFO basketball team; therefore, playing volleyball ★ Reliability makes you smarter than playing basketball.' ★ Accuracy ★ Missing the Point - Premise of the ★ Timeliness argument supports a specific conclusion ★ Value but not the one the author draws, e.g. ★ Authoritativeness 'Sleeping pills can be abused, which is dangerous, so they should clearly be made LOGICAL FALLACIES illegal.' ★ Spotlight - Assuming that the cases that ★ Ad Hominem - Attacking the person receive the most publicity are the most instead of their argument, e.g. 'Mr. Torres common cases, e.g. '95% of news reports thinks human rights should be protected, talk about negative events. Therefore, it but he doesn't go to church, so we follows that 95% of events that occur in the shouldn't listen to him.’ real world are negative.' ★ Appeal to Authority - Argument is correct ★ Straw Man - Highlighting the author's because someone famous or powerful weaker, less central arguments and supports it, e.g. 'We should lower the destroying them as if this argument is the minimum age of criminal liability to 9 years main point of the issue, e.g. 'My opponent because the president believed so.’ wants to increase teachers' pay, but studies ★ Bandwagon - Argument is correct simply have shown that professors with tenure because many people believe it to be so, don't work as hard to improve themselves.' e.g. '80% of people are for the death penalty. Therefore, the death penalty is MEDIA AND INFORMATION SOURCES moral.’ ★ Community Media - Local newspapers, ★ Begging the Question - Premise of the radio, and TV stations that serve a specific arguments and conclusion say the same community or region. thing, e.g. 'Fashion magazines don't hurt ★ Library - Physical and digital collections of women's self-esteem because women's books, journals, and other information confidence is intact after reading the resources. magazine.’ ★ Internet - A vast network of interconnected ★ False Dichotomy - Assuming there are only computers and servers that provide access two possible solutions and ignoring other to a wealth of information. alternatives, e.g. 'I thought Sheila was a ★ Cyberspace - The virtual space where good person, but she didn't give alms to the digital information and communication take beggar today.' place, including social media, online forums, ★ Hasty Generalization - Using too small of a and virtual communities. sample size to support a conclusion, e.g. ★ Alternative Media - Independent, 'Sally couldn't find any clothes of her liking community-oriented, or activist-driven at the boutique and neither could Maura, so media sources that provide alternative the boutique doesn't have any nice clothes.' perspectives and narratives. 6 Jeremiah O. // MIL MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY MIDTERM REVIEWER ★ Open Education Sources - Free and MEDIA LANGUAGE openly available educational resources, Vocabulary that media and information such as online courses, video lectures, and professionals may select and use to open-access journals. communicate ideas, information, and knowledge. These are the codes, conventions, formats, symbols, and narrative structures that LESSON 6 indicate the meaning of media messages to an MEDIA AND INFORMATION LANGUAGES audience PRODUCERS NARRATIVE People engaged in the process of creating and Telling of a story or plot through a sequence of putting together media content to make a events. In the context of a media text, it is the finished media product. coherent sequencing of events in time and space. MESSAGE The information sent from a source to a receiver MEDIA CODES or audience. technical, written, and symbolic tools used to construct or suggest meaning in media forms OTHER STAKEHOLDERS and products. Libraries, archives, museums, Internet, film, distributors, movie houses, and other relevant information providers. These are infrastructures that contain the message and the venues by which media content can reach the audience. AUDIENCE The group of consumers for whom a media MEDIA CONVENTIONS message was constructed, as well as anyone standards or norms governing media else who is exposed to the message. production. These are rules or generally - TARGET AUDIENCE - The group of people accepted ways of constructing form to to whom media content is specifically demonstrate meaning in media products. addressed because of a set of shared characteristics, such as age, gender, profession, class, etc. - ACTIVE AUDIENCE - A theory that people receive and interpret media messages in light of their history, experience, and perspective so that different groups of people may interpret the same message in different ways. 7 Jeremiah O. // MIL