Evolution of Traditional to New Era PDF

THE EVOLUTION OF TRADITIONAL TO NEW ERA MIL MODULE 2 PRESENTED BY: MS. DANINA MARIE C. BITUIN, LPT, MBA THE EVOLUTION OF COMMUNICATION  P re -Hist oric E ra (200,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE) ANCIENT ERA (3,000 BCE – 100 CE) THE EVOLUTION INDUSTRIAL ERA (1440 - 1890) INFORMATION ERA...

THE EVOLUTION OF TRADITIONAL TO NEW ERA MIL MODULE 2 PRESENTED BY: MS. DANINA MARIE C. BITUIN, LPT, MBA THE EVOLUTION OF COMMUNICATION  P re -Hist oric E ra (200,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE) ANCIENT ERA (3,000 BCE – 100 CE) THE EVOLUTION INDUSTRIAL ERA (1440 - 1890) INFORMATION ERA (1906 - PRESENT) OF MEDIA PRE-HISTORIC ERA (200,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE) ▪ Prehistoric refers to the time before the existence of written or recorded history. According to archeologists, the Prehistoric Age occurred some 4.5 million years ago or approximately 30,000 years ago. ▪ This era was divided into two periods: The Stone Age (Paleolithic Period, Neolithic Period, Mesolithic Period) and the Metal Age. They are called as such because of the kind of tools that the prehistoric people used during those times. ▪ As the tools were relatively crude, archeologists believe that a system of writing had not yet existed in this era.  PRE-HISTORIC ART AS THE EARLIEST FORM OF TRADITIONAL MEDIA 1. Petroglyphs are illustrations created by abolishing part of a rock surface by incising or carving, as a form of rock art. Around 7,000 to 9,000 years ago. Are many ideologies to construe their purpose, depending on their location, age, and appearances. These can be carvings or engraving in rocks or caves. 2. Pictographs – represents words or phrases through images or symbols. Used to refer to sketches or paintings that usually depict nature, giving us a glimpse of the early people’s way of life. 3. Cave Paintings – (also known as “Parietal Art”) are painted drawings on walls or ceilings, mainly of prehistoric descent. The paintings are exceptionally identical around the world, with animals being common subjects that give the most dramatic images. A theory produced by David Lewis- Williams customarily based on ethnographic studies of contemporary hunter-gatherer societies states that the paintings were made by Paleolithic shamans. 4. Dance – it is the fundamental temple rituals for the gods in most of archaic civilizations. The oldest proof of existence of dancing comes from the 9000-year-old cave paintings that were found in India, which depicts various scenes of hunting, childbirth, religious rites, burials and most importantly, communal drinking and dancing. 5. Body Art – is a momentous part of social, spiritual, and personal expression. It can be a part of a culture’s rite of passage for when the child becomes an adult, weddings, preparation for war or hunt, the birth of a child, spiritual rituals and death.  ANCIENT ERA (3000 BCE – 100 CE) 1. Writings – Is the physical manifestation of a spoken language. It is thought that human beings developed language c. 35,000 BCE as evidenced by cave paintings from the period of the Cro-Magnon Man (c. 50,000-30,000 BCE) a. Cuneiform script – is one of the earliest schemes of writing, identified by its wedge-shaped marks on clay tablets, built by means of a blunt reed for stylus. b. Egyptian Hieroglyphs – were an orderly writing system used by the ancient Egyptians that combined anagrammed and alphabetic elements. Egyptians used cursive hieroglyphs for religious articles on papyrus and wood. 2. Alphabet – set of graphs, or characters, used to represent the phonemic structure of a language. In most alphabets the characters are arranged in a definite order, or sequence (e.g., A, B, C, etc.). ▪ The Phoenician Alphabet - called by tradition the Proto-Canaanite alphabet for epitaphs older that around 1050 BCE, is the oldest confirmed alphabet. It contains 22 letters, all of which are consonants. ▪ It was acquired from Egyptian hieroglyphs and became one of the most extensively used writing systems, spread by Phoenician merchants across the Mediterranean world, where it expanded and was comprehended by many other cultures. 3. Drama - is the clear-cut mode of narrative, commonly fictional, served in performance. Western drama comes from classical Greece. The theatrical culture of the city-state of Athens generated three genres of drama: tragedy, comedy, and satyr play. 4. Paper - The word “paper” is grammatically derived from “papyrus”, Ancient Greek for the Cyperus papyrus plant. Papyrus is a chunky, paper-like matter produced from the core of the Cyperus papyrus plant which was used in ancient Egypt other Mediterranean cultures for writing way before the paper making in China.  INDUSTRIAL ERA (1440 - 1890) It was a period of major industrialization and innovation that took place during the late 1700s and early 1800s. Most of the people that associates on factories and machines to industries. Industrial City – pertains to a place where several factories are located or built. 1. Printing Press - is an apparatus for administering pressure to an inked surface recessing upon a print medium (such as paper or cloth), thereby transferring the ink. ▪ Goldsmith and inventor Johannes Gutenberg was a political exile from Mainz, Germany when he began experimenting with printing in Strasbourg, France in 1439. He returned to Mainz several years later and by 1450, had a printing machine perfected and ready to use commercially: The Gutenberg press. ▪ A long handle was used to turn a heavy wooden screw, exerting downward pressure against the paper, which was laid over the type mounted on a wooden platen. In its essentials, the wooden press reigned supreme for more than 300 years, with a hardly varying rate of 250 sheets per hour printed on one side. 2. Dry Plates – also known as gelatin process, is an improved type of photographic plate. It was invented by Dr. Richard L. Maddox in 1871, and had become so widely adopted by 1879 that the first dry plate factory had been established. ▪ in photography, glass plate coated with a gelatin emulsion of silver bromide. It can be stored until exposure, and after exposure it can be brought back to a darkroom for development at leisure. ▪ These qualities were great advantages over the wet collodion process, in which the plate had to be prepared just before exposure and developed immediately after. Morse Key 3. Telegraphy – is the long-distance ▪ The word telegraph is derived from the broadcast of textual or symbolic (as Greek words tele, meaning “distant,” opposed to verbal or audio) messages. and graphein, meaning “to write. It is without the corporeal exchange of an object bearing the message ▪ It necessitates that the technique used for encoding the message be known to both sender and the receiver. ▪ An electrical telegraph was self-sufficiently advanced and patented in the United States in 1837 by Samuel Morse. His assistant, Alfred Vail, developed the Morse code signaling alphabet with Morse. The first telegram in the United States was sent by Morse on January 11, 1938, across three kilometers of wire. ▪ Samuel Morse developed a code (bearing his name) that assigned a set of dots and dashes to each letter of the English alphabet and allowed for the simple transmission of complex messages across telegraph lines. ▪ In Morse Code, Initially, the code, when transmitted over the telegraph system, was rendered as marks on a piece of paper that the telegraph operator would then translate back into English. 4. Telephone ▪ Alexander Graham Bell's invention of the telephone is one of the most significant inventions from the Second Industrial Revolution. Throughout the 1860s and 1870s, Bell carried out numerous experiments all centered around human speech and the use of technology to carry human made sounds long distances. THE EVOLUTION OF TELEPHONE 5. Phonograph ▪ the phonograph is a device designed for the power-driven recording and reproduction of sound. In its later forms it was also called a gramophone. The sound waveforms are recorded as conforming physical deviations of a spiral groove engraved into the surface of a spinning disc, called a “record” the surface is likewise rotated while a playback stylus traces the groove and is therefore vibrated by it, very feebly reproducing the recorded sound. 5. Film – A film, also called a movie, motion picture, theatrical film, or photoplay, is a series of immobile images that, when shown on a screen, generates the illusion of moving images. This optical illusion causes the viewers to see continuous motion. The history of film started in the 1890s, when motion picture cameras were invented, and film production companies started to be recognized. The first film in the world was the world's earliest surviving motion-picture film, showing actual consecutive action is called Roundhay Garden Scene. It's a short film directed by French inventor Louis Le Prince.  INFORMATION ERA (1906 - PRESENT) ▪ Information has been defined as the specific data acquired for a specific purpose. Gaining information is a vital part of people’s lives because it makes them knowledgeable and enhances their understanding of the world that lived in. 1. RADIO ▪ Radio is the technology of using radio waves to convey information, such as sound, by modulating some property of electro-magnetic energy waves transferred through space. Early uses were maritime which was for sending telegraphic messages using Morse code. ▪ One of the most notable uses of marine telegraphy was during the sinking of the RMS Titanic in 1912. It comprised communications between operators of the sinking ship and nearby vessels, as well as communications to shore stations listing the survivors. Types of Radio: AM, FM, Pirate Radio, Terrestrial Digital Radio, Satellite 2. Television - Television or TV is a telecommunication medium used for transmitting sound with moving pictures in monochrome, or in color, and in two or three dimensions. It is a mass medium, for entertainment, education, news, and advertising. It became obtainable in basic experimental forms in the late 1920s. ▪ an improved form became popular in the United States and Britain after the World War II. During the 1950s, television was the primary medium for influencing public opinion. Color broadcasting was then introduced in the US and most other developed countries in the mids-1960s. ▪ the credit to who invented the television belongs to Scottish engineer John Logie Baird. He built and demonstrated the world’s first mechanical television. Baird also invented and demonstrated the first color television in public as well as the first electronic color television picture tube. ▪ Philo Taylor Farnsworth successfully demonstrated the first television signal transmission on September 7, 1927 with his own scanning tube. A legal battle ensued in the late thirties, when RCA, the company Zworykin worked for wanted to claim the right to the patent (and the royalties). ▪ The court however ruled in favor of Farnsworth, giving him patent priority and making him, officially the inventor of the first fully functional, all-electronic television. 3. PERSONAL COMPUTER A personal Computer (PC) is a general-purpose computer. Its size, capabilities, and novel sale price make it beneficial for individuals. ▪ The Kenbak-1, released in early 1971, is considered by the Computer History Museum to be the world's first personal computer. It was designed and invented by John Blankenbaker of Kenbak Corporation in 1970, and was first sold in early 1971. Personal Computers has 3 Purpose: (1) a central processing unit (CPU), (2) a memory, and ( (3) input and output ports.  CPU INPUT / OUTPUT PORTS 4. MOBILE PHONES ▪ A mobile phone is a portable telephone which can produce and receive calls over a radio frequency carrier. Most services use a cellular network manner, and therefore they are often called cellular telephones or cell phones. ▪ In 1973, the first handheld mobile phone was invented by John F. Mitchell and Martin Cooper of Motorola. In 1983, the DynaTAC 800x was the first commercially available handheld mobile phone. 5. INTERNET ▪ The Internet is the worldwide system of unified computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) that links billions of devices across the planet. It uses are to access news, reports, to plan and book vacations and to pursue their personal interests, also to chat, message, and e-mail to stay in touch with family and friends globally. WHAT DOES MEDIA DO FOR US? ▪ Media accomplishes several rudimentary roles in our society. One obvious role is entertainment. Media can act as a catalyst for our imaginations. It is a source of the make-believe, and a passage for escapism. In the 19th century, Victorian readers disenchanted by the grimness of the Industrial Revolution found themselves drawn into eccentric worlds of fictitious beings. ▪ Media can also provide information and education. ▪ Similarly, media can be used to monitor government, business, and other institutions. But tattlers of mass media may be indebted to agendas because of political slant, advertising funds, or ideological bias, thus coercing their ability to act as a watchdog. The following are some of these agendas: 1. Entertaining and providing a channel for the imagination. 2. Educating and Updating. 3. Serving as a public forum for the discussion of vital issues. 4. Acting as a watchdog for government, business, and other establishments.  SOME THEORIES ON INFORMATION AND MEDIA 1. Allocution – It assumes that one party has a limitless amount of data and can act as the ‘information services provider’ while the other one acts as the ‘information services consumer’. The first party holds all control over the information. 2. Character Theory – A character theory is used to understanding media, such as print or electronic media texts or productions such as films and plays. Erving Goffman’s character theory purposes that there are four main types of broad character in a media text and production; The Protagonist (Leading Characters) The Deuterogamist (Secondary Characters) The Bit Player (Minor Characters whose specific background the audience is not aware of) The Fool (A character that uses humor to convey messages) END OF LESSON 2