Birds Migration PDF

AVES AND MAMMALIA MIGRATION OF BIRDS 1) CONTENT 2) INTRODUCTION 3) KINDS OF MIGRATION a) Latitudinal migration b) Altitudinal migration c) Longitudinal migration d) Partial migration e) Erratic migration f) Seasonal migration g)...

AVES AND MAMMALIA MIGRATION OF BIRDS 1) CONTENT 2) INTRODUCTION 3) KINDS OF MIGRATION a) Latitudinal migration b) Altitudinal migration c) Longitudinal migration d) Partial migration e) Erratic migration f) Seasonal migration g) Climate migration h) Alimental migration i) Gametic migration 4) MODES OF FLIGHT IN MIGRATION 1. Time of migratory flights a) Diurnal migration b) Nocturnal migration 2). Range of migration 3). Altitude of flight 4). Velocity during migration 5). Routes of migration 6). Segregation during migration 7). Regularity of migration 5). PROBLEMS OF MIGRATION Problems of way finding or navigation Topographic cues Experience Telluric currents Problems of origin of migration Problems of stimulus or immediate causes for migration Environmental stimuli Gonadial stimuli Thyroid hypothesis Antipituitary hormones Metabolic hypothesis 6). DISADVANTAGE OF AVIAN AND ADVANTAGE OF AVIAN MIGRATION 7). REFERENCES REFERENCES: Young, J. Z. (2004). The Life of Vertebrates. III Edition. Oxford university press. Darlington P.J. The Geographical Distribution of Animals, R.E. Krieger Pub Co. Hall B.K. and Hallgrimsson B. (2008). Strickberger’s Evolution. IV Edition. Jones. and Bartlett Publishers Inc. Dorit, Walker & Barnes: Zoology. Brooks Cole; 1 edition (February 15, 1991). Nigam: Biology of Chordates (1997, S.Chand). Kotpal : Modern text book of Zoology: Vertebrates (Rastogi Publication). THANK YOU