Midterm Lesson 1 PDF

IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES & DEFINITION ECOSYSTEMS WITH HIGH BIODIVERSITY H Y? u More stable than those with few W species They recover from negative events more quickly Generally speaking, grea...

IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES & DEFINITION ECOSYSTEMS WITH HIGH BIODIVERSITY H Y? u More stable than those with few W species They recover from negative events more quickly Generally speaking, greater species diversity (alpha diversity) leads to greater ecosystem stability. This is termed the "diversity– stability hypothesis." An ecosystem that has a greater number of species is more likely to withstand a disturbance than an ecosystem of the same size with a lower number of species. REAL ESTATE ECOLOGY PURPOSE To understand ecological concept and its application in real estate To know important details for design concepts To possibly influence planners, developers, buyers and other stakeholders through implementation of these concepts ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT (EIS) SYSTEM u In the Philippines, we have Environmental Impact Statement System under Presidential Decree 1586 which was ratified on June 11, 1978. The main objective of this law is to maintain the balance between the environment and the socio-economic development of the country. PD 1586 or the Environmental Impact Statement System. Year of Enactment and Implementation. Enacted and Implemented in 1978. Purpose. To attain and maintain a rational and orderly balance between socio-economic growth and environmental protection. IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES & DEFINITION ENVIRONMENTAL CRITICAL AREAS Environmentally critical areas (ECAs) include Ø Wetlands Ø flood-prone areas Ø abandoned landfills Ø fish and wildlife habitat conservation areas and Ø steep slopes and other geologic hazard areas. WHY DO WE NEED TO PROTECT ENVIRONMENTALLY CRITICAL AREAS? u ECA regulations ensure protection of water quality, groundwater recharge, stream flow, slope stability, wildlife and fisheries habitat, natural stormwater storage/filter systems, human life, and property DECLARE BORACAY AN ENVIRONMENTALLY-CRITICAL AREA – VILLANUEVA Sen. Joel Villanueva pinpointed the lapses in the guidelines of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources- Environmental Management Bureau (DENR-EMB) in the processing and issuance of environmental compliance certificates (ECCs) to establishments in Boracay. The EMB is the bureau under the DENR that is tasked with ensuring establishments’ compliance with environmental laws in environmentally-critical areas. In an inquiry led by the Committee on Environment held recently in Boracay, Villanueva suggested that it may be high time for the DENR to declare Boracay as an environmentally-critical area so that the applications for the construction of establishments in the island would require the issuance of ECCs. u Under the DENR Administrative Order, an environmentally- critical area is defined as an “area delineated as environmentally-sensitive such that significant environmental impacts are expected if certain types of proposed projects or programs are located, developed, or implemented.” Boracay : an environmentally-critical area, based solely on the said definition. At present, it appears that the categorization of environmentally-critical areas should not just be based on the activity undertaken in those areas, such as mining or other more precarious economic activities. Ø “the nature of the ecosystem that should determine whether the DENR or the EMB can recommend that an area be considered an environmentally-critical area” Ø The lawmaker further shared that there are hotels built in Boracay which, prior to their construction, did not even secure an ECC from the bureau. u Environmentally Critical Project (ECP) - project or program that has high potential for significant negative environmental impact as defined under Presidential Proclamation 2146 (1981). Why is ecological concept important to real estate? u The use of ecological concept, principles and methods to analyze Real Estate Economic theory is not only for a design method but also helpful to sustainable survival and development of real estate series of issues and concerns for ecological balance. u Real Estate as the non-living component is an important structural component of an ecosystem. u Human and Real Estate are two most important factors u Environmental considerations have been an essential elements in the real estate industry. u Environmental protection can be good for the economy. REAL ESTATE ECOLOGY u It is the study of interactions among real estate elements u It covers the study of these elements – inhabitants, building, and community u It deals with the effects of Real Estate Developments on ecological processes IMPORTANT THEORY IN REAL ESTATE ECOLOGY u SOCIAL THEORY – the social and cultural patterns that result from relationships between people and resources u Understanding the demographics of a place u Real estate – understanding your target market LOCAL COMMUNITIES u In ECOLOGY, a community is an assemblage of populations of different species, interacting with one another u The most common usage of community indicates a large group living in close proximity u MUNICIPALITY - Is an administrative local area generally composed pf a clearly defined territory and commonly referred to as “town” or ”village”  u NEIGHBORHOOD - is a geographically localized community, often within a larger city or suburb u PLANNED COMMUNITY it is one that was designed from scratch and grew up more or less following a plan Example: Subdivisions Unplanned community example: Payatas Illegal settlers Informal settlers ECOLOGICAL CONCEPT The conceptualization of ecology and also the theory of evolution originate from: u Life history u Natural selection u Population u Adaptation u Inheritance and u Developments  INHABITANTS AND ITS ENVIRONMENT u Philippines Early Setting Java Man is an early human fossil discovered in 1891 and u Brief History of IPs 1st Wave Java man 1892 on the island of Java. Estimated to be between 700,000 and 1,000,000 years old, it was, at the time of its discovery, the oldest hominid fossils ever found, and it remains the type specimen for Homo erectus. Wikipedia But like most researchers, Antón isn't Scientific name: Homo erectus convinced that ancient humans were erectus deliberately crossing Southeast Asian seas so long ago. More likely, they were The Philippines collectively are called Filipinos. carried to distant islands by tsunami The ancestors of the vast majority of the population waves, or arrived there via floating islands were of Malay descent and came from the of land and debris detached during Southeast Asian mainland as well as from what is typhoons. now Indonesia. The first migrants were what Beyer caked the “Dawnmen” (or “cavemen” because they lived in caves.). The Dawnmen resembled Java Man, Peking Man, and other Asian Home sapiens who existed about 250,000 years ago. They did not have any knowledge of agriculture, and lived by hunting and fishing. FIRST INHABITANTS OF THE PHILIPPINES NEGRITOS The indigenous peoples with a hunter gatherer background of the Philippines, among which the Agta, Aeta, Ati, Ata and Batak, are collectively referred to as Negritos. They represent the most ancient civilization in the country, going back more than 40,000 years in time. The original people of the Philippines were the ancestors of the people known today as Negritos or Aeta. They are an Australo- Melanesian people with dark skin and tight, curly brown hair. They are also distinctively small and of short stature. The Negritos are believed to have migrated by land bridges some 30,000 years ago, during the last glacial period. Later migrations were by water and The Negritos of the Philippines are took place over several thousand years in repeated comprised of approximately movements before and after the start of the Christian twenty-five widely scattered era. ethnolinguistic groups totaling an estimated 15,000 people. They are located on several major islands in the country: Luzon, Palawan, Panay, Negros, Cebu, and Mindanao.  2nd Indonesians THE INDONESIAN MIGRANTS Ø They were the first immigrants to come by the sea to the Philippines. Ø They came about 5,000 years ago and sailed in boats from South Asia Ø They were drove into the mountains and lived in the lowlands. Ø Indonesians were more advanced than the Negritos. Ø They live in permanent homes and used fire to cook their food. Ø They lived by hunting, fishing and small farming. Ø They painted their bodies with colorful figures. Indonesians Today, the Indonesian minority tribes are found in some interior parts of our country. They are the: Ø Apayaos Ø Gaddangs Ø Ibanags Ø Kalingas Ø Manobos Ø Bagobos Ø Bukidnon Ø Mandyas Ø Sabanuns Ø Tirurays MALAYS It is believed that around 3000 B.C. Malay people—or people that evolved into the Malay tribes that dominate Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines—arrived in the Philippines. About 2300 years ago Malay people from the Asian mainland or Indonesia arrived in the Philippines and brought a more advanced culture; iron melting and production of iron tools, pottery techniques and the system of sawah's (rice fields). Additional migrations took place over the next millennia. Many believe the first Malays were seafaring, tool-wielding Indonesians who introduced formal farming and building techniques. According to Lonely Planet: “ It's fair to assume that this bunch was busily carving out the spectacular rice terraces of North Luzon some 2000 years ago. With the Iron Age came the Malays. Skilful sailors, potters and weavers, they built the first permanent settlements and prospered from around the A.D. 1st century until the 16th century, when the Spanish arrived. The wave migration theory holds that the Malays arrived in at least three ethnically diverse waves. The first wave provided the basis for the modern-day Bontoc and other tribes of North Luzon. The third wave is thought to have established the The second laid the foundations for the most fiercely proud Muslim Malays.” dominant of modern-day indigenous groups - the [Source: Lonely Planet =] Bicolano, Bisayan and Tagalog. INDIGENOUS PEOPLE u Indigenous Cultural Communities/ Indigenous People are groups of people or homogeneous societies identified by self-ascription and ascription by others, who have continuously lived as an organized community on communally bounded and defined territory, and who have, under claims of ownership since time immemorial occupied possesed and utilized such territories, sharing common bonds become historically differentiated from the majority of Filipinos. Geographical Distribution of IPs u Philippine IPs inhabit the interiors and mountains of Luzon, Mindanao, Mindoro, Negros, Samar, and the Palawan Sulu group of islands u They are composed of 110 tribes and have geographical distribution HUMAN SETTLEMENTS u DEFINITION An ecosystem composed of natural man-made elements which interact in complex ways within their population dynamics, environmental dimensions and spatial constraints and alternatives – UN Environmental Programme A place where man lives in community (both urban and rural) and involves transformation of the natural environment into a man-made environment – UN Habitat Conference Any group of people living in a particular place composed of man-made physical and organizational elements as well as main purpose is the satisfaction of the needs of people Any form of habitation with special purpose necessary physical elements and in specific location PURPOSE OF SETTLEMENT u Extraction u Processing u Consumption u Exchange Elements of Settlement u Natural Environment u People u Man-made structures u Organizations / Institutions Characteristics of Settlements u Shape and Pattern (resulting from human adaptation and use) u Survival of the fittest - Human ecological processes seen in invasion , competition, succession TYPES OF SETTLEMENT Organic – is a settlement where accretion occurs around nodes or core settlement resulting in aggloromation Planned – settlements existing alongside organic towns / cities established by royal decree or religious leader as center of government or administrator (Colonial settlements, new towns) EVOLUTION OF SETTLEMENTS u Collectional Economy u Nomadic Economy /Existence u Settled / Village Economy u Town / City Economy u Metropolitan Economy u Global Economy ECOLOGICAL CONCEPT APPLICATION IN REAL ESTATE u Environmentally Responsive Development is an application of ecology principles for real estate development u Financial Reward is an important motivator for doing the right thing GREEN DEVELOPMENT u Have impacts to the built environment on the surroundings natural environment and larger community u It is the application of ecological thinking to the business of creating places for people to live and work. u Is a development approach that goes beyond conventional development practice by integrating the following elements Elements of Green Development u Environmental Responsiveness u Resource Efficiency u Community and Cultural Sensitivity These elements together through the the green development approach provide numerous environmental and economic benefits by capitalizing on the interconnection. Environmental Responsiveness u Respecting is key to environmental responsiveness – using that which is already at a location or naturally belongs there