Purposive Communication Midterm Reviewer PDF

PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION Midterm Reviewer CHAPTER 1: COMMUNICATION — came from the Latin word communis/ communicare which means "to share". PURPOSE — In Purposive Communication the main goal is to communicate with...

PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION Midterm Reviewer CHAPTER 1: COMMUNICATION — came from the Latin word communis/ communicare which means "to share". PURPOSE — In Purposive Communication the main goal is to communicate with a purpose. ENGLISH — is a universal language — use as a means of communication between people of one country to another —Use as a medium of instruction in secondary and tertiary level EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION — It is a tool that human beings use to meet their physical, social, and emotional needs. —If the communication climate is positive, the ideas are overflowing. —Communication must be comfortable, easy and open. DAVID BERLO — David Berlo’s SMCR Sender - (Encodes) - Message - Channel - (Decodes) - Receiver THEORIES ABOUT LANGUAGE 1. Structuralist — System —Arbitrary —Means of Communication —Primarily Vocal (Speaking) 2. Cognitivist —Mental Phenomenon —Innate —Acquired —4 macro skills (Listening and Speaking Reading and Writing) 3. Functionalist —To express —To persuade  —to give or ask information —to make someone do something 4. Behaviorist —imitation —repetition —reinforcement —positive reinforcement- add something beneficial —negative reinforcement- remove something harmful. 5. Psycholinguistics —The importance of schema. CHANNELS OF COMMUNICATION Verbal —Words carry meanings. —Clear, concise and concrete —Correct grammar and syntax Non-Verbal 1. Paralinguistic —variation in speech corresponding to patterns of loudness, pitch, rate 2. Kinesics —facial expression, eye movements, gestures and bodily posture 3. Haptics —use of touch to communicate 4. Proxemics —use of interpersonal space 5. Chronemics —how time is used is sometimes a message 6. Iconics —objects or designs used 7. Dress and Appearance REQUIREMENTS OF AN EFFECTIVE SPEECH COMMUNICATOR —Understand the communication process  —Be aware and have positive attitudes toward himself, his audience, his message and the entire speech process. —Know how to construct his message —Must have a speaking skills —Know how to listen, to read and respond to feedback. SPEECH ORGANS —LUNG —TRACHEA —DIAPHRAGM —LARYNX —GLOTTIS —VOCAL CORDS —PHARYNX —NASAL CAVITIES —MOUTH ORAL CAVITIES FIVE MAJOR PURPOSE 1. to express 2. to inform 3. to imagine 4. to influence 5. to meet social expectation 7C’s of Communication 1. Clear 2. Correct 3. Complete 4. Concrete (avoid misundertanding) 5. Concise (direct to the point) 6. Consideration (receiver’s opinion, knowledge, mindset, background, etc.) 7. Courteous (avoid being bias) PRINCIPLE OF COMMUNICATION 1. The message sent is not necessarily the message received 2. It is impossible to not communicate 3. Every message has both content and feeling 4. Nonverbal cues are more believable than verbal cues ETHICS 1. Right to freedom of expression 2. Universal access to information 3. Right to education 4. The right to privacy  5. The right to participate in cultural life. CHAPTER 2: GLOBALIZATION —It is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies and governments of different nations. Role of Technology in Globalization —It has been the principal driver of globalization —It transformed economic life —It opens economic opportunities, faster and more informed analyses of economic trends, easy transfer of assets, and collaboration with far-flung partners. Effects of Globalization on Global Communication 1. Increased Business Opportunities 2. Fewer Cultural Barriers 3. Creation of a Global Village Communication Styles 1. Different Attitude towards Conflict 2. Different Approaches to Completing Tasks 3. Different Decision-making Styles 4. Different Attitudes toward Disclosure 5. Different Approaches to Knowing 6. Respecting our Differences and Working Together Guidelines for multicultural collaboration 1. Cultural questions 2. Practice 3. Don’t assume 4. Listen actively and empathetically 5. Be prepared for a discussion of the past 6. Awareness of current power imbalances 10 tips for effective business communication 1. Know your audience 2. Know your message 3. Think like a reporter 4. Banish buzzwords and clichés 5. Junk the jargon 6. Keep it tight 7. Make it plain and simple  8. Leave the symbols and abbreviations on your phone 9. Get active 10. Proofread CHAPTER 3: Culture —It is a system of values, beliefs and standards which guides our feelings, thoughts and behavior —It is a dynamic process which people use to make sense of their lives and the behavior of other people Intercultural vs. Multicultural Communication Challenges in Multicultural Organization Direct vs. Indirect Communication —Direct - Verbal, different word meanings to other —Indirect - Non-verbal, sign language, body language. Trouble with Accents and Fluency —Discriminate the accent of other people because of the tone or how they express it but the grammar is correct. Different Attitudes toward Hierarchy and Authority —Comfortable with close friends but to other who are higher person they'll become shy and giving them respect. Conflicting Norms for Decision —Different decision and mindset (Example: religion) Cross-cultural Communication —It is a field of study that looks at how people from different cultural backgrounds communicate, in similar and different ways among themselves. Aspect of Cross-cultural Communication 1. Time and Space 2. Fate and Personal Responsibility 3. Face and Face-saving 4. Non-verbal Communication Importance of Intercultural Communication 1. Lacking in intercultural communication can lead to the insult of the culture and people involved.  2. Intercultural differences also cause lack of trust between people as they differ in terms of trust. 3. Materials used, architecture, clothing, cosmetics, etc. are different. Ex. Spoons and chopsticks Ways to manage intercultural Communication 1. Be carefully sensitive and aware 2. Gain knowledge of the culture you have to adapt 3. Think of what the other person will interpret before saying 4. Be aware of non-verbal cues you are giving 5. Listen, encode and decode carefully 6. Use pictures if you don’t know words to describe it 7. Avoid slang and local language 8. Get a feedback 9. Be observant 10. Be open-minded and tolerant 11. Respect others culture and people 12. Be resourceful 13. Don’t be ethnocentric and bigotry CHAPTER 4: Message —is the verbal and nonverbal form of idea, thought, or feeling that one person (the source) wishes to communicate to another person or group of people (the receivers) —is the content of interaction —It is an exchange of information using words —You establish self-image on the way you communicate and what you will communicate. —Either you deliver positive, negative, or neutral messages, it will reflect on your personality. 3 Purposes of Message 1. Informative Messages 2. Persuasive Messages 3. Goodwill Messages (appreciation, congratulations or positive feedback) Types of Speech Content 1. Intrapersonal Communication 2. Interpersonal Communication 3. Public Communication 4. Mass Communication Target Audience Gender Age Location Profession Income Educational Level Marital Status Ways of Presenting Message 1. Electronic 2. Print 3. Face-to-face 4. Teleconference 5. Visual Aids (ppt.)