Microprocessor Technology PDF

Microprocessor Technology 1. Architecture and Components of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) in a Microprocessor o (ALU, general-purpose registers, special-purpose registers). 1.1. List the special-purpose registers and describe their functions. 1....

Microprocessor Technology 1. Architecture and Components of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) in a Microprocessor o (ALU, general-purpose registers, special-purpose registers). 1.1. List the special-purpose registers and describe their functions. 1.2. What is the role of the ALU? 1.3. Enumerate the components of the CPU. 2. Structure of a General-Purpose Processor o (CPU, cache, interrupt controller, DMA controller, system and peripheral buses, memory controller). 2.1. What is the mechanism of DMA? 2.2. How do peripheral buses differ from system buses? 2.3. How does the Harvard architecture of a processor differ from the von Neumann architecture? 3. Numeric Data Representation in Computer Technology o (Fixed-point and floating-point representations, special representations such as BCD). 3.1. Compare the methods of representing integers. 3.2. Compare the methods of representing fractional numbers. 3.3. How can arithmetic operations be performed in BCD representation? 4. Basic Peripheral Units in Microcontrollers o (I/O units, counters). 4.1. List the basic peripheral units of a microcontroller. 4.2. What load (resistance) can be connected to a microcontroller pin? 4.3. Applications of counters in microcontroller systems. 5. Exceptions and Interrupts in Processors o (Interrupt controller, interrupt vector table, interrupt service routines (ISRs), priorities, processor stack). 5.1. What is the purpose of the microcontroller stack? 5.2. Briefly describe how an interrupt controller works. 5.3. How do software exceptions differ from hardware interrupts?