Innate and Adaptive Immunity PDF

Innate Immunity Innate and Adaptive Immunity Differences between Innate and Adaptive Immune Response...

Innate Immunity Innate and Adaptive Immunity Differences between Innate and Adaptive Immune Response Innate and adaptive immunity are not separate systems innate response first, followed by adaptive I They are different descriptions of the type of response of the adaptive response learns, innate doesnt s immune system Immunity if antigen A is repeated : > There is reason to believe that over history, innate immunity > cells innate response occurs at same speed and magnitude - evolved before adaptive immunity Sue adaptive response occurs faster and larger higher species have lowered only have innate immunity innate is fast by always same magnitude ~ · u can have only innate but u cannot have only adaptive adaptive is slow by learns Founders of Immunology The cells of the Immune System Composition of Blood Paul Elrich 55 of total blood is plasma. genes from mom/dad VDJ recombination, creates new genes contains blood hormones, clotting factors, proteins, enzymes, and antibodies father of humoral and adaptive immunity the rest of blood contains cells discovered antibodies the buffy coat has leukocytes (WBC) and platelets Elie Metchnikof the remaining 45 contains erythrocytes (RBC) ex epithelial cells learning ex lymphocytes father of cellular and innate immunity contains hemoglobin binds heme + iron made drawings of cells inverted term phagocytosis discovered probiotic benefits Blood Cell Formation (Hematopoiesis) WBC found in : Myeloid Origin Lymphocytes lymphocyte w RBC blood, tissues - neutrophils round large nucleus small round · WBC come from : monocytes macrophages cytoplasm doesnt have much granules and clear around same size bone marrow I dendritic cells hematopoietic stem cell Lymphoid Origin T cells (basis of cellular adaptive immunity) innate lymphoid cell (NK cell shown) self-renews B Cells - B cells (basis of humoral adaptive immunity) more granular cytoplasm T Cells Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILCs) important for fxn. Innate Lymphoid Cells Mast Cells Eosinophils and Basophils Neutrophils Role of Neutrophils in Wound Healing mast = overly fed contain many granules stains neutral recruitment and activation of immune cell req : cytoplasm is full of granules largest component Eosinophil clear cytoplasm w small stained granules · pathogen detection of histamine stains bright w eosin neutrophils eat bacteria (phagocytosis) play big role in parasite antibody response OR trap it using NETs mostly found in tissue, not blood critical for 1st one responses : except of or disease (ex asthma) very rapid movement located in epithelial barrier tissues skin, lungs, digestive tract Basophil majority (50-70 ) of blood circ leukocytes Neutrophil Extracellular Traps - makecauses andbloodrelease histamine vessels to expand, redness swelling stains brightly w basic dye exit blood and rapidly enter infected tissues · they undergo a process called NETosis if allergy : sneezing, runny nose involved in allergic response · few days life span (so gens in big numbers) · major component of pus swarm in large numbers to the site of injury · in response to inflammatory signals Dendritic Cell Monocytes and Macrophages Macrophages (and dendrites) dendrites = branches Monocytes important for phagocytosis bc its highly phagocytic : : type of myeloid cell found in blood remove pathogens, and body cells following damage or as part of tissue remodeling : , · professional phagocytes (cell eaters) ↳ round cells can develop from monocytes that circulate in blood and enter tissues ~ found in tissues (mostly) lobe shaped nucleus long life span (month to years) - always sampling their environ Macrophage resident macrophages of tissues have specialized functions depending on location ~ recognizes the extracellular occurrences - means big eater can have different names > always sampling environ ex if found in skin : langerhann cell ~ can eat more than their cell volume · Phagocytosis (cell eating) Killing of Microbes by the Phagolysosome Phagolysosome Antimicrobial Properties PRR : pattern recognition most ingested pathogens can be killed 1) Low pH (acidic conditions break apart proteins mlcs receptors pulls bacteria into cell in the phagolysosome 2) the NADPH oxidase ROS > toxic to bacteria can include O2 (superoxide) or H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) v antimicrobial (w manylowenzymes) pH and 3) myeloperoxidase (MPO) can transform H2O2 into HOCL (bleach) 4) lactoferrin captures Fe2+ thats essential for bacterial growth 5) defensins forms pores 6) lysozyme degraded peptidoglycan some bacteria can survive phagocytosis bacteria that survive can live/replicated inside a phagocyte : either in the phagosome, phagolysosome, or escape to neighbouring cells I inhibition of phagosome-lysosome fusion survival mechanisms to the inside of the phagolysosome degradation of phagolysosome