Metrology PDF

**Metrology** - What is Metrology? - Importance of Metrology in Industry - Subfields of Metrology 1. Scientific Metrology 2. Legal Metrology 3. Industrial Metrology - Overview of the Measurement System - What is a Measurement System? - Types of Measurement Systems: 1. Metri...

**Metrology** - What is Metrology? - Importance of Metrology in Industry - Subfields of Metrology 1. Scientific Metrology 2. Legal Metrology 3. Industrial Metrology - Overview of the Measurement System - What is a Measurement System? - Types of Measurement Systems: 1. Metric System (SI Units) 2. Imperial System (British) - Advantages and Disadvantages of Each System - Applications of Measurement - Units 1. Fundamental (Base) Units 2. Derived Units 3. Supplementary Units - Examples of Common Units - Importance of Units - Conversion of Units a. Common Unit Conversion Categories a. Length b. Mass c. Time d. Volume e. Temperature f. Area g. Pressure b. Unit Conversion Process - Define Measurement Errors 1. Types of Measurement Errors a. Systematic Errors i. Instrumental Error ii. Environmental Error iii. Observational Error iv. Theoretical Error How do we correct these errors? b. Random Errors i. Environmental Variations ii. Observer Variability iii. Instrumental Fluctuations How do we eliminate random errors? c. Gross Errors Sources: i. Human Mistakes ii. Instrument Handling How do we correct these errors? d. Absolute and Relative Errors a. Provide Formulas - Safety in using Precision Instruments 1. Proper handling a. Handle with Care b. Hold Steady 2. Cleanliness a. Keep Instruments Clean b. Avoid Contamination 3. Calibration a. Regular Calibration b. Check Before Use 4. Storage a. Store Properly b. Avoid Clutter 5. Usage a. Use Correctly b. Avoid Excessive Force 6. Temperature and Environment a. Control Temperature b. Avoid Magnetic Fields 7. Personal Safety a. Use PPE b. Follow Ergonomic Practices 8. Training a. Get Proper Training 9. Documentation a. Record Measurements Carefully b. Note Calibration Dates 10. Inspection a. Regular Inspection - What are Calipers? 1. Types of Calipers (Image, Description, Uses, and Accuracy) a. Vernier Calipers b. Micrometer Calipers c. Dial Calipers d. Digital Calipers e. Spring Joint Calipers f. Oddleg (Jenny) Calipers 2. Parts of a Caliper a. Outside jaws b. Inside jaws c. Depth Rod/Probe d. Main Scale e. Vernier Scale/Dial/Digital Display f. Lock Screw g. Thumb Screw (for fine adjustment) 3. How do you use vernier and micrometer calipers? 4. How do you read vernier and micrometer calipers? 5. Advantages of both calipers? - What are Gages (or Gauges) 1. Types (Image, Description, Uses, and Accuracy) a. Plug Gages b. Ring Gages c. Thread Gages d. Feeler Gages e. Depth Gages f. Snap Gages g. Height Gages h. Bore Gages i. Taper Gages j. Surface Gages 2. Applications of Gages a. Quality Control b. Machining c. Assembly d. Maintenance - What is a Bevel? 1. Common Bevel Measuring Tools: (Image, Description, Uses, and Accuracy): a. Bevel Protractors b. Combination Squares c. Bevel Gages (Angle Gages) d. Digital Angle Finders e. Goniometers f. Angle Plates - What is a Protractor? 1. Types of Protractors (Image, Description, Uses, and Accuracy): a. Linear Protractor b. Semi-Circular Protractor c. Full-Circle Protractor d. Digital Protractor e. Combination Protractor 2. Uses of Protractors a. Geometry b. Engineering c. Drafting d. Carpentry e. Education