Methods of Separating Mixtures - Honors Chemistry

METHODS OF SEPARATING MIXTURES HONORS CHEMISTRY MECHANICAL SEPARATION OFTEN BY HAND TAKES ADVANTAGE OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES SUCH AS COLOR AND SHAPE. EXAMPLES INCLUDE: RECYCLING PAPER, PLASTICS, METALS MAGNETIC SEPARATION TAKES ADVANTAGE OF THE PHYSICAL PROPERTY OF MAGNETISM....

METHODS OF SEPARATING MIXTURES HONORS CHEMISTRY MECHANICAL SEPARATION OFTEN BY HAND TAKES ADVANTAGE OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES SUCH AS COLOR AND SHAPE. EXAMPLES INCLUDE: RECYCLING PAPER, PLASTICS, METALS MAGNETIC SEPARATION TAKES ADVANTAGE OF THE PHYSICAL PROPERTY OF MAGNETISM. EXAMPLE: SEPARATING METALS IN A SCRAP YARD FILTRATION TAKES ADVANTAGE OF THE PHYSICAL PROPERTY OF THE STATE OF MATTER. A SCREEN LETS THE LIQUID PARTICLES THROUGH BUT TRAPS THE SOLID PARTICLES. EXAMPLES INCLUDE: FILTERING COFFEE, SPAGHETTI FILTRATION A FILTER CAN ALSO BE USED TO SEPARATE SOLID PARTICLES OF DIFFERENT SIZES. EXAMPLES INCLUDE: A WINDOW SCREEN, AN AIR FILTER, A SAND SIEVE DECANTING TO POUR OFF A LIQUID, LEAVING ANOTHER LIQUID OR SOLID BEHIND. TAKES ADVANTAGE OF DIFFERENCES IN DENSITY. EXAMPLE: TO DECANT A LIQUID FROM A PRECIPITATE OR WATER FROM RICE. DISTILLATION THE SEPARATION OF A MIXTURE OF LIQUIDS BASED ON THE PHYSICAL PROPERTY OF BOILING POINT. EXAMPLES INCLUDE: THE DISTILLATION OF ALCOHOL OR OIL. DISTILLATION TOWER OR “STILL”  EVAPORATION VAPORIZING A LIQUID AND LEAVING THE DISSOLVED SOLID(S) BEHIND. USED TO SEPARATE SALT SOLUTIONS. EXAMPLE: OBTAINING SEA SALT FROM SALTY OCEAN WATER DENSITY SEPARATION USING THE PROPERTY OF DENSITY MORE DENSE COMPONENTS SINK TO THE BOTTOM AND LESS DENSE COMPONENTS FLOAT. CENTRIFUGE CIRCULAR MOTION HELPS DENSER COMPONENTS SINK TO THE BOTTOM FASTER. EXAMPLE: SEPARATING THE PARTS OF BLOOD OR DNA FROM BLOOD PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY USES THE PROPERTY OF MOLECULAR ATTRACTION TO SEPARATE A MIXTURE. DIFFERENT MOLECULES HAVE DIFFERENT ATTRACTIONS FOR THE PAPER (THE STATIONARY PHASE) VS. THE SOLVENT (THE MOBILE PHASE) EXAMPLES INCLUDE: THE SEPARATION OF PLANT PIGMENTS AND DYES  FRACTIONAL CRYSTALLIZATION DISSOLVED SUBSTANCES CRYSTALLIZE OUT OF A SOLUTION ONCE THEIR SOLUBILITY LIMIT IS REACHED AS THE SOLUTION COOLS EXAMPLES INCLUDE: GROWING ROCK CANDY OR THE CRYSTALLIZATION OF A MAGMA CHAMBER