Mesenchymal Malignant Neoplasms PDF

Mesenchymal Malignant Neoplasm Fibrosarcoma Osteogenic sarcomaz Chondrosarcoma Kaposi Sarcoma Ewing’s Multiple Myeloma Metastatic...

Mesenchymal Malignant Neoplasm Fibrosarcoma Osteogenic sarcomaz Chondrosarcoma Kaposi Sarcoma Ewing’s Multiple Myeloma Metastatic sarcoma (Plasma Cell Carcinoma of the Myeloma) Jaw def Malignant neoplasm of fibrous A highly malignant neoplasm Malignant neoplasm of It is an unusual vascular A rare highly mul>centric neoplas>c are malignant 3ssue with poorly formed and it is the most common car>lage that may neoplasm, it arises from malignant tuomr of disease of bone marrow neoplasms that start in stroma. primary neoplasm of bone. occasionally occur in the endothelial cells, it is bone characterized by the another location and Osteosarcomas of the jaw are jaws usually seen in AIDS forma>on of tumors spread to distant sites uncommon and represent Types: pa>ents, but a classical composed of cells more about 6% to 8% of all Primary: develops form non-related to AIDS or less resembling osteosarcomas without a pre-existing is also described. it plasma cells cartilaginous tumors appears as mul>ple Primary: osteogenic sarcoma only Secondary: develops by bluish-purple macules Secondary: malignant transformation and plaques on the skin. as a complication of other of a pre-existing benign Oral lesions are rare and bone diseases (Paget’s cartilaginous tumor most frequently involve Disease of bone) the palate. age usually from 20 to 40 years It has a bimodal age between 30 - 60 years of 5-20 usually a disease of of age. distribution with the first peak age. adults seldom occurring under 20 year of age and a before 30 years of age, second, but lesser, peak with peak incidence in beyond 40 years of age. the 6th decade. It has rarely been observed in adolescents. site cheek, maxillary sinus, lip, Body of mandible Coronoid ,condyle of mandible lesions occur in bones Bone is the third most palate and periosteum of mandible, symphysis containing red marrow common site of the jawbones. such as the vertebrae, metastatic spread and pelvic girdle, ribs and more than 90% of all sternum and the skull metastatic lesions in including the body and bone are caused by a ramus of the mandible small number of primary tumors. — Carcinomas most likely to metastasize to bone include breast, lung, prostate. — The posterior part of the body and the ramus are usually affected because of persistence of red bone marrow in  adult life in these locations sex Males more affected than Male to female ratio 2:1. Males>females males more frequently than females females features It produces a bulky, fleshy * Pain for several weeks or Jaw lesions appear as Multiple skin lesions on The urine of plasma cell Pain is most common lesion that may grow rapidly months. expanding, firm or hard the extremities, face, and myeloma patients symptom or rather slowly. * The pain often begins swellings. sometimes in the oral contains an abnormal insidiously, but by the time pain It tends to invade and destroy is present at rest or even cavity. immunoglobulin (κ or λ — It is caused by o They are often surrounding tissues locally disturbs their sleep. immunoglobulin light stretching of the painless, but pain Lesions appear as * The most common sign is a chains) known as Bence periosteum by the mass that is almost firm may be the reddish or bluish red Jones protein. tumor as well as by may ulcerate and bleed from presenting nodules. nerve irritation in the the surface, and may Classification: complaint. o The Bence Jones Lesions vary in size endosteum undergo secondary Radiographic: reaction involves heating * Osteolytic o Resorption of from a few millimeters to infection. urine to 60°C. * Osteoblastic roots and a centimeter or more in looseness of Prostate metastases Metastases are usually late size. o At this temperature, Histological: related teeth are characterized by an and not very common the Bence Jones proteins * Osteoblastic often occur They are usually tender excess of abnormally * Fibroblastic will clump and the urine dense bone with marked to touch or painful becomes turbid. *Chondroblastic increase in acid * Telangectatic o The clumping and phosphatase enzyme turbidity disappear if the urine is further heated to boiling and reappears when the urine is cooled to disappear again when cooled below 60°C. histo Fascicles of spindle shaped tumor cells vary from Chondrosarcomas mainly The early pre- It consists of sheets The cells are larger on cells form a “herringbone spindled to polyhedral. resemble benign cartilage sarcomatous lesion of small darkly average than normal pattern”. * Pleomorphic and tumors. consists of a mass of stained cells with plasma cells and show hyperchromatic nuclei. * They exhibit, however, capillaries, sometimes thin rim of greater variation in size. The cells arranged in * Mitotic figures hypercellularity and have with a mononuclear cell cytoplasm Eccentric nucleus cart “Whorled pattern”. are large and plump cells and cuffing, resembling wheel appearance The tumor may present easily nuclei. granulation tissue. different degrees of demonstrable, and atypical * There may be areas of differentiation: low grade mitotic figures also may be well-differentiated — Later, there is marked (well differentiated), identified. cartilage. angiomatous proliferation. intermediate grade * The extracellular matrix that * There may be areas of (moderately) and high grade may be osseous, cartilaginous, calcification and — The vessels may (anaplastic). or fibrous in various metaplastic bone appear slit-shaped if proportions formation obliquely cut. Poorly differentiated tumors consist of atypical cells, Depending on the relative pleomorphic cells, amounts of osteoid, cartilage, multinucleated giant cells, or collagen fibers produced by numerous atypical mitoses the tumor, it may be sub-  and very little, if any, classified into the following collagen production. types: Osteoblastic Poorly differentiated Chondroblastic tumors may alternatively consist of actively oFibroblastic. proliferating spindle-shaped o Telangiectatic type with fibroblasts with elongated nuclei many large vascular channels and malignant mesenchymal tissue containing osteoid trabeculae (very rare in the jaws). radiograph In the osteolytic type, there is Chondrosarcomas appear Reactive Lesions of the mandible They usually produce irregular radiolucency as radiolucencies with subperiosteal bone usually produce a well- irregular, moth-eaten produced by the destructive spotty radiopacities formation giving defined punched out radiolucencies in the lesion. the characteristic radiolucency in the affected part, usually in (Onion Skin) posterior part of the body the posterior part of the An early feature in periapical appearance in jaw or in the ramus. body of the mandible. films is symmetrically lesions widened periodontal Lesions involving the membrane space around one vault of the skull usually no periosteal bone or more teeth. produce multiple well- reaction. defined punched-out In the osteoblastic type, rather small to medium excessive bone production sized lesions. leads to thick, expanded cortical plates. Irregular spicules of new bone are often seen radiating at the periphery of the lesion producing what is known as the “sun-ray” appearance