Windows 95 and 98 - History of Operating Systems PDF

Name: Joefy Jhade Braza Course and Section:BSCS 4-A2 Windows 95 Release Date: August 24, 1995 Key Features:  Introduction of the Start Menu and Taskbar: Windows 95 revolutionized the desktop interface by introducing the...

Name: Joefy Jhade Braza Course and Section:BSCS 4-A2 Windows 95 Release Date: August 24, 1995 Key Features:  Introduction of the Start Menu and Taskbar: Windows 95 revolutionized the desktop interface by introducing the Start button, Start menu, and taskbar, which became defining features of modern Windows operating systems.  Plug and Play (PnP) Support: This feature allowed users to add new hardware without manually configuring it. Devices could be connected and used more easily.  32-bit Operating System: Windows 95 introduced a 32-bit operating environment, allowing for better performance, memory management, and multitasking compared to previous versions.  Long File Names: Windows 95 allowed file names up to 255 characters, a significant improvement over the 8.3 character format in earlier versions (e.g., FILENAME.EXT).  Windows Explorer: It introduced a new file management system with Windows Explorer, replacing the older File Manager.  MS-DOS Integration: While still dependent on MS-DOS for some low-level tasks, Windows 95 provided a more integrated graphical interface and minimized the need to interact directly with DOS.  Multitasking: It improved multitasking capabilities, allowing users to run multiple applications more efficiently than previous versions.  Internet Explorer: Windows 95 introduced Internet Explorer (with OSR 1), which eventually became the default browser and Microsoft's gateway into the internet browser market. Impact: Windows 95 was a groundbreaking operating system that set the foundation for modern graphical user interfaces. It was well-received for its usability improvements, providing a simpler and more intuitive experience for both novice and advanced users. Windows 98 Release Date: June 25, 1998 Key Features:  Improved Hardware Support: Windows 98 provided enhanced support for hardware devices like USB, AGP graphics, and DVD players. It made USB devices more plug-and-play, improving ease of use.  FAT32 File System: Windows 98 introduced full support for the FAT32 file system, which allowed hard drives larger than 2GB and improved file storage efficiency.  Internet Explorer 4 Integration: Windows 98 integrated Internet Explorer 4 directly into the operating system, allowing for features like Active Desktop, which enabled users to place web content on the desktop.  Windows Driver Model (WDM): This feature was designed to provide better driver support and improved performance across different versions of Windows.  Web Integration: With Windows 98, the operating system began integrating more with the internet, with better support for web-based applications and tools.  System File Checker (SFC): This utility checked for corrupted system files and allowed users to restore them, enhancing the system's stability and maintainability.  Windows Update: Windows 98 introduced Windows Update, an online service allowing users to download and install updates, security patches, and drivers.  Performance Enhancements: It improved boot times and system performance compared to Windows 95, partly due to better hardware support and optimizations. Impact: Windows 98 built on the success of Windows 95, with better hardware support and further integration of internet functionality. It marked the transition from purely local computing to a more web-connected experience, emphasizing Microsoft's strategy toward the web. Shan Kian R. Buenafe BSCS 4-A1 Windows 2000 (Released: February 2000) Business-focused, built on the Windows NT kernel. Key Features: o Introduced Active Directory for managing network resources and users. o Enhanced security features like file encryption (EFS) and better NTFS support. o Improved stability and reduced system crashes compared to previous Windows versions. o Enhanced plug-and-play functionality, making hardware integration smoother. Target Users: Primarily for business and enterprise environments, including server use. Windows ME (Millennium Edition, Released: September 2000) Consumer-oriented, designed as the successor to Windows 98. Key Features: o Introduced System Restore, allowing users to revert the system to a previous stable state. o Included Windows Movie Maker for basic video editing and improved multimedia capabilities. o Enhanced support for USB devices and multimedia features, making it more consumer-friendly. o However, it suffered from instability and frequent crashes, largely due to its outdated Windows 9x kernel. Target Users: Home users focusing on multimedia, internet, and basic computing tasks. Windows XP (Released: October 2001) Unified OS combining both consumer and business needs, built on the robust NT kernel. Key Features: o Introduced the new, user-friendly Luna interface for a modern look. o Known for its stability, multitasking performance, and ability to handle both older and newer software. o Simplified networking for home networks and introduced better wireless support. o Significant security improvements with Service Pack 2, which added an improved firewall, automatic updates, and a pop-up blocker. o Came in Home and Professional editions, with the latter including features like Remote Desktop and domain-based networking. Target Users: Both home and professional users, praised for its versatility, ease of use, and longevity in the market. NAME: CADUNGOG, MYKA JOYCE C. BSCS 4A-1 WINDOWS SERVER 2003 Windows Server 2003 is a server operating system built on the Microsoft NT system from the late '90s, featuring a new operational kernel. It offers enhanced security and an Active Directory system for file management and layout control, alongside a redesigned architecture and visual effects. Pros of Windows Server 2003: 1. Application Support: Widely compatible with various hardware and software vendors, it supports numerous applications, including financial, database, email, and web server software. 2. Enhanced Security: This can be promoted to a domain controller, which centralizes user and computer access management, enhances network security, and allows for the implementation of local and group policies, requiring the configuration of only one machine as the domain controller for the entire network. 3. Reliability: Offers high reliability with an uptime of approximately 99.993%, translating to about 40 minutes of downtime per year, primarily due to reboots. Cons of Windows Server 2003: 1. Increased Hardware Requirements: Requires more resources, potentially necessitating hardware upgrades such as increased memory and processing power. Installation of service packs may also lead to operational issues that require troubleshooting. 2. High Support Costs: There are significant administration costs due to the need for well- trained support staff, along with licensing costs for both server software and client workstations. Overall, while Windows Server 2003 provides robust application support, strong security features, and high reliability, it demands substantial hardware resources and support investment. Source: https://www.brighthub.com/computing/windows- platform/articles/66391/#google_vignette WINDOWS SERVER 2008 Windows Server 2008 introduced several significant features that enhance manageability, security, performance, and virtualization. The Server Manager serves as a centralized console for managing server roles and features, replacing older tools, and simplifying troubleshooting. Windows Deployment Services (WDS) enables network-based OS installations with a graphical interface, supporting both unicast and multicast for deploying images. Performance and reliability improvements include the Performance Diagnostics Console, which merges Task Manager and Performance Monitor, along with the Resource View and Reliability Monitor that track system stability and generate a "stability index." The redesigned Event Viewer offers easier log filtering and access across multiple servers. Clustering improvements feature a new cluster validation wizard and a hybrid-quorum model that allows greater flexibility in server clustering. The Failover Cluster Management Console enhances cluster management efficiency. Lastly, Hyper-V introduces hardware-assisted virtualization, enabling hot resource addition, 64-bit guest sessions, and live migration of virtual machines without downtime. Overall, Windows Server 2008 delivers a cohesive, efficient, and reliable operating system with robust management tools and enhanced virtualization capabilities. Source: https://www.computerworld.com/article/1583840/review-much-to-like-in-windows- server-2008.html Windows 7 Date of Release: October 22, 2009 Windows 7 brought about a number of significant enhancements over Windows Vista, with a particular emphasis on stability, performance, and usability. Versions: It was available in Starter, Home Basic, Home Premium, Professional, Enterprise, and Ultimate versions, each one tailored to a distinct user base. Enhancements to the User Interface: Redesigned the taskbar (also referred to as the "Superbar") to improve app management. Users could simply resize windows with Aero Snap by dragging them to the edges of the screen. Aero Peek made it possible to quickly preview open windows. Improved window management improved the efficiency of multitasking. Achievement: With fewer system resources used, Windows 7 was optimized to be quicker and more effective than Vista. Features of Security: Upgraded User Account Control (UAC) provides increased security without being overly noticeable. BitLocker offered drives with built-in encryption. By enabling administrators to establish rules governing which applications could be used, AppLocker enhanced security in business settings. Termination of Assistance: Popular acceptance: January 13, 2015 Support extension: January 14, 2020 R2 for Windows Server 2008 October 22, 2009 was the release date (sharing the same codebase with Windows 7). Windows Server 2008 R2, which was developed for enterprise environments and was based on the Windows NT family, was optimized for scalability, virtualization, and remote access. Versions: To accommodate different business needs, it was offered in Standard, Enterprise, Data center, and Web Server editions. Novelty Features: Hyper-V: Enhanced virtualization that makes managing several virtual machines simpler. Enhancements to Active Directory: Added Group Policy management and a Recycle Bin feature for retrieving deleted AD objects. Remote Desktop Services (RDS): Improved remote access through capabilities like RemoteApp, which let users run particular apps remotely. PowerShell 2.0: Enhanced automation task scripting capabilities. Scalability With support for up to 64 processor cores, it's perfect for managing heavy workloads in enterprises. Termination of Assistance: Popular acceptance: January 13, 2015 Support extension: January 14, 2020 STEPHANIE LAURYN CERIGO BSCS 4A Windows Server 2012  Designed by Microsoft, Windows Server is a group of operating systems to support enterprises and small and medium-sized businesses with data storage, communications, and applications.  Windows Server 2012 is the fifth edition of the Windows Server operating system. Unlike its predecessor, this version has four editions (Foundation, Essentials, Standard, and Datacenter) with various improved features, such as an IP address management role, an updated version of Hyper-V, an all-new Windows Task Manager, updated versions of PowerShell and Server Core, and a new file system known as ReFS. Microsoft added new functionalities to Windows Server 2012 and marketed the new version as Cloud OS to become more competitive in the cloud. The improved functionality enabled users to employ the Hyper-V architecture easily with other new cloud technologies. The changes made to support this included updates to the storage system, the addition of the Hyper-V Virtual Switch, and the inclusion of Hyper-V Replica.  Extended support ended on October 10, 2023. Key Features:  Hyper-V: A virtualization technology that allows you to run multiple operating systems on a single physical server.  Windows PowerShell: A command-line shell and scripting language for automating tasks and managing systems.  Storage Spaces: A feature that allows you to pool physical disks into a single virtual storage space.  Server Core installation: A lightweight installation option that includes only the core components of Windows Server.  Active Directory: A directory service that allows you to manage users, groups, and computers in your network.  Remote Desktop Services: A feature that allows you to access your desktop remotely.  Internet Information Services (IIS): A web server that allows you to host websites and web applications. Windows 8  A personal computer operating system released by Microsoft in 2012. It was designed to provide a more touch-friendly interface and improved integration with mobile devices.  Windows 8 has reached its end of support as of January 10, 2023. This means that Microsoft no longer provides security updates or technical assistance for this operating system.  The goal of Windows 8 interface is to function on both traditional desktop PCs, such as desktop computers and laptops, as well as tablet PCs. Key Features:  Modern UI (Metro): A new interface designed for touchscreens, featuring live tiles that dynamically update with information.  Charms Bar: A sidebar that provides quick access to common functions like search, share, settings, and devices.  App Store: A platform for downloading and installing third-party apps.  Boot to UEFI: Improved security with a more secure boot process.  Windows Store Apps: Specialized apps designed for the Modern UI interface.  Desktop Mode: A traditional desktop environment for running legacy applications. Kurt Joaquin de Felipe BSCS 4A ICT 128 Pocket PCs Microsoft created Pocket PCs as small, portable computers capable of executing many of the basic functions of a desktop computer, but in a mobile format. These devices, which were first introduced in 2000, were intended to business workers who needed to handle their work on the road, and they included critical productivity tools such as Microsoft Word, Excel, and Outlook. They operated on Windows Mobile, a reduced version of Windows CE, and could sync with desktop versions of Windows using ActiveSync, allowing for seamless file and data transfers. Pocket PCs came with various hardware features that allowed them to excel in their intended functions. They featured: - Touchscreen: Most Pocket PCs had touchscreens, and many were designed to be used with a stylus for precision. - Wireless Connectivity: They supported wireless technologies like Wi-Fi and Bluetooth for communication and file sharing. - Expandable Storage: Many Pocket PCs had expansion slots for additional memory or peripherals. - Multimedia: Some Pocket PCs included multimedia capabilities like MP3 playback, photo viewing, and basic video support, though they were primarily productivity-focused. The devices were popular in the early 2000s, but as smartphones began to integrate similar features along with cellular connectivity, Pocket PCs started to lose their appeal. Despite their decline, Pocket PCs played a significant role in the development of mobile computing, laying the foundation for smartphones and tablets. Windows CE Microsoft published Windows CE (Compact Edition) in 1996 as an operating system tailored to embedded and resource-constrained systems. Unlike desktop versions, Windows CE was lightweight and extremely adaptable. Developers may choose which OS components were required for the device, making it versatile for a wide range of applications. Because of its versatility, Windows CE could be used in a variety of industries, including automotive systems, industrial control panels, and mobile handheld devices such as Pocket PCs. Key features of Windows CE include: - Real-Time Capabilities: Windows CE was designed to handle real-time applications, meaning it could guarantee immediate responses for tasks that required strict timing, which was crucial for industrial devices. - Hardware Flexibility: It supported multiple processor architectures, including ARM, MIPS, and x86, making it adaptable to a wide range of hardware. - Modularity: The OS could be customized for different use cases, allowing developers to remove unnecessary features and keep the footprint small. - Embedded Systems: Windows CE became a popular choice for embedded systems due to its stability and adaptability. It was used in medical devices, automotive control systems, and even some gaming consoles. The key distinction between Pocket PCs and Windows CE is the intended use and customisation. Pocket PCs were consumer-facing computers built for customers who required a mobile solution for work-related tasks, and they ran a version of Windows CE (Windows Mobile) designed specifically for handhelds. Windows CE, on the other hand, was an operating system designed for a broader range of embedded devices. Manufacturers frequently utilized it to create unique solutions for non-consumer gear. While Pocket PCs were based on Windows CE, they were a more specific, pre-configured device, whereas Windows CE provided the underlying foundation that allowed for many more diverse implementations. Akari S. Deamboy BSCS 4-A Windows 10 Windows 10 is a significant version of Microsoft's Windows NT operating system, following directly after Windows 8.1, which came out almost two years prior. It was made available to manufacturers on July 15, 2015, and was officially released to the public on July 29, 2015 (Wikipedia, 2015). Unified Platform: Windows 10 was designed to run seamlessly across multiple devices, including PCs, tablets, and Xbox consoles (Microsoft, 2015). Start Menu Return: The Start Menu, which was removed in Windows 8, made a comeback in Windows 10, blending traditional functionality with live tiles (Wikipedia, 2015). Windows as a Service (WaaS): Microsoft introduced a continuous update model for Windows 10, releasing major feature updates twice a year (Bright, 2016). Cortana Integration: Windows 10 integrated Cortana, a voice-activated virtual assistant, enabling users to perform tasks through voice commands (Warren, 2015). Edge Browser: Microsoft replaced Internet Explorer with Edge, a faster and more modern web browser in Windows 10 (Warren, 2015). Multiple Virtual Desktops: Windows 10 introduced the ability to create and switch between multiple virtual desktops for enhanced productivity (Wikipedia, 2015). Windows Hello: The OS introduced Windows Hello, which uses biometric authentication like facial recognition and fingerprints for login (Microsoft, 2015). DirectX 12: Windows 10 supported DirectX 12, improving graphics performance and efficiency for gaming (Wikipedia, 2015). In conclusion, Windows 10 marked a pivotal shift for Microsoft's operating system, combining the best features of its predecessors with new innovations aimed at improving usability, security, and performance. By reintroducing familiar elements like the Start Menu and incorporating modern tools such as Cortana, Windows Hello, and the Edge browser, it successfully catered to both traditional and modern users. The introduction of the "Windows as a Service" model ensured continuous updates, keeping the system evolving over time. Overall, Windows 10 has proven to be a well-rounded and adaptable platform, widely regarded as one of the most stable and user-friendly versions of Windows. Windows 11 Windows 11 is the newest major version of Microsoft's Windows NT operating system, launched on October 5, 2021. It follows Windows 10, which was released in 2015, and can be upgraded for free on Windows 10 devices that meet the system requirements for Windows 11. With an updated design and new features aimed at improving productivity, security, and user experience, it marks a significant evolution in Microsoft's operating systems. Redesigned Start Menu and Taskbar: Windows 11 introduces a centered Start Menu and taskbar, along with a more streamlined and modern interface for improved usability (Microsoft, 2021). Enhanced Multitasking Features: The OS includes new multitasking tools like Snap Layouts and Snap Groups, which make it easier to manage multiple windows and boost productivity (Windows Central, 2021). Support for Android Apps: Windows 11 offers native support for Android apps through the Microsoft Store, allowing users to run mobile apps directly on their PC (TechRadar, 2021). Improved Gaming Performance: With features like DirectStorage and Auto HDR, Windows 11 enhances gaming performance by reducing load times and improving visual quality (PC Gamer, 2021). Increased Security Measures: The OS requires TPM 2.0 and Secure Boot, strengthening hardware-based security to help protect against malware and cyber threats (ZDNet, 2021). In conclusion, Windows 11 represents a significant advancement in Microsoft’s operating system lineup, incorporating a modern design and a host of innovative features aimed at enhancing user experience and productivity. With its focus on seamless multitasking, improved security, and integration of communication tools, Windows 11 caters to the needs of diverse users, from casual individuals to professionals. As it continues to evolve, it sets the stage for the future of computing, making it an exciting upgrade for those using compatible devices. With ongoing updates and enhancements, users can expect a dynamic and responsive operating system that aligns with modern technology trends. John Dale S. Deocamp BSCS4A-2 Windows Mobile 2003 Windows Mobile 2003, also known as Pocket PC 2003, was launched on June 23, 2003. This version marked the beginning of the "Windows Mobile" branding and was based on Windows CE 4.20. It came in three editions: Windows Mobile 2003 for Pocket PC Premium Edition, Professional Edition, and Smartphone Edition. Key Features included: Enhanced Wireless Networking: Improved support for Bluetooth and wireless LAN, enabling better connectivity options.. Mobile Entertainment: Support for Windows Media Player 9 Series for audio and video playback, along with enhanced digital photo viewing capabilities. Personal Information Management (PIM): Improved applications for managing contacts, calendar, and tasks, with better search functionalities and integration. This version was split into four editions: Pocket PC Premium, Pocket PC Professional, Smartphone, and Pocket PC Phone Edition Windows Mobile 5 Windows Mobile 5, released on May 9, 2005, brought significant improvements over its predecessors. It was built on Windows CE 5.0 and introduced persistent storage, which meant that data would not be lost if the battery died. Key enhancements included: Persistent Storage: Ensured data retention even after battery depletion, leveraging flash memory. Updated Office Suite: Introduction of Office Mobile, including Word Mobile, Excel Mobile, and PowerPoint Mobile Media and Communication: Integrated Windows Media Player 10 Mobile and an updated version of Pocket Outlook. Improved UI: A more intuitive and user-friendly interface. Push Email: Support for Direct Push technology with Exchange Server, providing real-time email delivery​ This version also added a new suite of APIs and development tools, making it easier for developers to create applications for the platform​ Windows Mobile 6 Windows Mobile 6, launched on February 12, 2007, further refined the user experience and added new functionalities. Key features included: Office Mobile Enhancements: Enhanced support for Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and the ability to view emails in HTML format. Security Improvements: Better security options, including device encryption. Connectivity and Usability: Enhanced email capabilities, better synchronization with Microsoft Exchange, and improved calendar functions. Windows Mobile 6 came in three editions: Standard, Professional, and Classic