Games Design (PDF)

Games Design Chapter 1 introduction Chapter 1 introduction Introduction in game design The importance of Game Design History of Games Tools for Games Design Game Engines Why we use Unity? Introduction in game design What is Game design Game design is the process of creatin...

Games Design Chapter 1 introduction Chapter 1 introduction Introduction in game design The importance of Game Design History of Games Tools for Games Design Game Engines Why we use Unity? Introduction in game design What is Game design Game design is the process of creating and designing a game's rules, mechanics, goals, and overall experience. It involves making decisions about how the game should be played, what challenges and obstacles players will face, and how they will interact with the game world. What is a Game loop? The game loop is a sequence of processes that run continuously as long as the game is running. The three main processes that occur in the game loop are input, update, and render Introduction in game design  The importance of Game Design Game design is important because it helps create a unique and immersive experience for players. It is what sets one game apart from another and can make or break a game's success.  History of Games "Tennis for Two" is The first video games ever been developed and it done by William Higinbotham's in 1958 Though "Tennis for Two" or few others first games was not success because either its massive size or expensive price  History of Games First Commercial success in video games Pong, groundbreaking electronic game released in 1972 by the American game manufacturer Atari, Inc. One of the earliest video games, Pong became wildly popular and helped launch the video game industry. The original Pong consisted of two paddles that players used to volley a small ball back and forth across a screen. Tools for Games Design Develop a game in general require three types of apps Designer apps Programmer apps Game engines Tools for Games Design Designer apps Designer apps used to create characters,UI,UX and environment of the game. Examples for 2D designer apps: photoshop and illustrator. Examples for 3D designer apps: 3d max and blender. Tools for Games Design Programmer apps Programmer apps used to create Code or script or systems for the game. Examples for Programmer apps: Visual Studio code and visual studio. Examples for Programmer Languages: C++,C#,Java. Game Engines What is the Game Engine? A game engine is a software framework primarily designed for the development of video games and generally includes relevant libraries and support programs such as a level editor. What are the type of Game Engine? Game engine have two type: Open:Meaning it is allowed for personal use close:Meaning, it is only allowed for the studio that programmed it Game Engines What are the famous game engines? The are so many good engines and here beast of the beast 1. Frostbite 2. Panda3D 3. CryEngine 3 4. UE4,5 5. Unity 6. Godot Game Engines Some of the close game engines are: 1. Frostbite 2. Panda3D 3. CryEngine 3 Some of the open game engines are: 1. UE4,5 2. Unity 3. Godot Why we use Unity? Why we use Unity? Between unity and unreal and godot,unity was the beast choice because Unity gives too many tools to help indie Developers Thank You Games Design Chapter 2 Basics In Game Design Chapter 2 Basics In Game Design What is GDD? The importance of GDD The most important topics in GDD Tips for how to get ideas What is GDD? GDD A game design document (GDD) is a software design document that serves as a blueprint from which your game is to be built. It helps you define the scope of your game and sets the general direction for the project, keeping the entire team on the same page.. GDD often is subject to a lot of changes and updates over the development process as the game starts to take shape. What is GDD? Guidelines You Should Always Keep In Mind Keep it short and simple. Don't duplicate info between design docs. It is crucial to understand that every GDD is unique based on its concept, characters, theme, the world you are trying to create, and more. However, there are some critical elements that all game design documents should cover.  The importance of GDD A game design document is a source of information for all the important parts of your project. It lists the concept of your game capture the creative vision, gameplay mechanics, storylines, level designs, character profiles, and other essential elements of the game. The most important topics in GDD 1) The Name of The Game Give your game a fun, catchy name that reflects what the game is about. Choosing an attractive name really helps during the marketing and launch phase to gain the attention of players. It makes it sound simple, but finalizing a name can take time. So, at this stage, you can provide a couple of your best options and finalize the name later. The most important topics in GDD 2) The Overview (Summary) A single page of an overview of the entire game, which is useful to newcomers or those not yet familiar with the game. This summary should include: The game’s high concept or focus. A one-paragraph summary of the story. Key gameplay features from the feature summary and other important gameplay aspects. A conclusion summarizing the overview and hitting the game’s innovations and reasons for success. Single-page The most important topics in GDD 3) Target Audience Your target audience is the main gamers that you are making this for. Knowing who your game targets will help reflect the same onto your game design. For example, if your target audience is 5 to 12-year-old kids, your colour scheme, characters, and the environment you are creating should be designed to speak to them. The most important topics in GDD 4) Genre This is where you write down your aims in terms of what the game will turn out to be. What genre is your game? Is it a first-person shooter? What about an RPG? The most important topics in GDD 5) Characters Introduce the game characters before the story. If there are no characters or a story, you can jump directly to the gameplay section. The main character is a significant aspect of most games. The main character or characters of the game are played by the player. NPCs NPC is an acronym that stands for "non-player character." A non-player character is a character in a game that's not controlled by the person playing the game The most important topics in GDD 6) Story The setting of the game, which is the fictional environment in which the game takes place. Any backstory that is needed to support the game. The most important topics in GDD 7) The Gameplay This is one of the essential sections of the GDD, and it defines what your gameplay will be like. A-.Game Objective: Here, you answer why the player is playing your game. Talk about the end goals for various stages. For example, to return home, to save a friend, or to enter the next level. The most important topics in GDD 8) Game Mechanics The game mechanics section describes how the player will interact with the game world. What actions the player can carry out? What are the results of these actions? The most important topics in GDD 9) Art This section talks about the graphics, storyboard design in your game. In addition, in this section try to describe your desired art style for the game..Storyboards – useful in illustrating aspects of the gameplay. the layout of game screens. The most important topics in GDD 10) Audio Hence, in this section, you describe the kind of music and sound effects that you want to add to your game. 11)Technical Description The game design document describes how the game will function. In this section, you need to specify your game’s platforms, where you will be launching the game and any specific tools that you are considering using for the development process. Which game engine to use? What programming language to utilize, and more. Descriptions of artificial intelligence, animation, graphics, sound, networking, and other technologies used in implementing the game. The most important topics in GDD 12(Marketing Plan In this section, you’ll want to provide insight into how you’ll market your game to potential customers. Will you present it at expos if given the opportunity? What communities can you approach who would be interested in your game? Tips for how to get ideas Playing lots of games Networking with other designers Everywhere. Brainstorm  Thank you For attention Games Design Chapter 3 Game genra Chapter 2 Basics In Game Design What are Game Genres? The Importance of Game Genres Game views The Most Important Topics in Game Genres What are Game Genres? Game Genres A video game genre is a specific category of games related by similar gameplay characteristics. Video game genres are not usually defined by the setting or story of the game or its medium of play, but by the way the player interacts with the game. The Importance of Game Genres Why is game genre important? Genres help players anticipate the general mechanics, themes, and gameplay elements of a given game. Just as newly hatched geese imprint on the first creature they encounter, players often develop a strong attachment to the first game of a specific genre they play. Game views Game view The game view is where we position the camera. Games camera usually have three point of views: 3D 2D 2.5D Game views 3D game view First person view Is when the camera position is inside the head of the character Third person Is when the camera position is in the back of the character Game views 2D game view Top down Is when the camera position is an top of the mab looking down Side to side Is when the camera position is in the side of the mab Game views 2.5D game view Isometric Is when the camera position is axes intersect at 120-degree angles, forming 60-degree relationships.  The Most Important Topics in Game Genres 1-Action Adventure Action Adventure games focus on characters story, and sometimes puzzle solving. Example Uncharted  The Most Important Topics in Game Genres 2-Puzzle: Puzzle games are based on logic, observation, and pattern completion. Example Portal  The Most Important Topics in Game Genres 3-RPG: A role-playing game (RPG) is a game in which each participant assumes the role of a character that can interact within the game's imaginary world. Example the witcher 3  The Most Important Topics in Game Genres 4-MMO: A massively multiplayer online game (MMOG or more commonly MMO) is an online video game with a large number of players on the same server. Example World of Warcraft  The Most Important Topics in Game Genres 5-Educational: An educational game’s primary intention is to educate while entertaining. Example PBS KIDS Games  The Most Important Topics in Game Genres 6-Sports: These games are based on athletic competitions from traditional sports to extreme ones. Example Forza  The Most Important Topics in Game Genres 7-Shooter: Shooters primarily focus on players firing projectiles at each other. Example Call of duty  The Most Important Topics in Game Genres 8-Simulation: Simulations focus on creating and managing a world. Or a theme park or a farm. It provides tools for creativity but has no win-or-lose condition. Example Animal Crossing  The Most Important Topics in Game Genres 9-Strategy: Thinking and planning are the hallmarks of strategy games. This is one of the oldest genres of games; strategy games’ roots are in ancient games like Senet, Chess, and Go. Example generals  The Most Important Topics in Game Genres 10-Horror: A horror game is a video game centered on horror fiction and typically designed to scare the player. Example Resident Evil  The Most Important Topics in Game Genres 11-Battle Royale: A genre of video game like Pubg in which 100 player characters are placed in a combat zone and eliminate each other until the final surviving player character wins the game. Example Pubg Games Design Chapter 4 Game Elements Chapter 2 Game Elements What are Game Elements And its Importance ? What are Game Elements Types? Game Elements Types in detail What are Game Elements And its Importance ? What is Game Elements The elements and rules that make up the game are often called game elements Game Elements Importance Game Elements consider motivational factors to help the Player What are Game Elements Types? Game Elements Types in detail 1)Gameplay: Gameplay is a central concept of games. 1.1 Interaction Interaction occurs when two or more elements influence each other. 1.2 Cooperation Cooperation is a form of interaction between two or more players with different objectives. 1.3 Competition Competitive games are those in which players play against one another and where one player winning means another player loses. Game Elements Types in detail 2) Challenges Challenges are game tasks ( Challenge games are those in which players complete a challenging task). 3) Goals Goals are fundamental to games; they determine what the player must do to win the game and give the player a sense of accomplishment and progression. Every game has goals, which a player must achieve to progress in a game. Game Elements Types in detail 4) Feedback Feedback is the reaction to the players’ actions. One part of the enjoyable game experience is instant and rich feedback. Feedback helps the player to understand if is he failing or succeeding. Game Elements Types in detail 5) Rules Rules declare how users interact with the game environment. Game rules are complex sets of game resources or objects and relationships between them (how those objects are related to each other (in what conditions an object can be used and how using one object is changing other objects). One part of the rules is the conditions how the players can earn rewards, how the game is divided into levels and what are the pass and fail conditions. Game Elements Types in detail 6) Game World Game world is an imaginary place, where players go during playing the game. It can be created with the help of the game story and graphical elements that represent the game environment but other aspects like time; game cultural, emotional and ethical dimensions are also used for creating the sense of being surrounded with something that is credible but also magical at the same time. Game Elements Types in detail 7) Reward Reward is a game element that satisfies the user and motivates them to achieve more. Games can provide extrinsic rewards like points and badges and intrinsic rewards where tasks are rewarding by their nature. Intrinsic reward can be some item (resource) or skill (power) that can be used for solving future assignments or revealing the next episode of the game story. For example, the reward can be a set of new tools or renewed graphical representation of the avatar with new equipment. Game Elements Types in detail 8) Emotions Games are good for creating emotions among players. Those emotions can be created through gameplay, storytelling or socialization. Positive emotions like surprise, curiosity and thrill are good for motivation. Some players are motivated by the possibility of feeling control over the process. Others like games because they are a safe environment for feeling negative emotions like agony, frustration, greed and fear. Unpleasant emotions can be experienced as pleasurable if they are needed for completing the task. Game Elements Types in detail Game Elements Types in detail 9) Immersion 9.1 Enjoyment Enjoyment is a positive feeling of pleasure caused by doing something we like. In general, when our motivational needs are fulfilled, we feel enjoyment. 9.2 Engagement Engagement is to keep participants active with the activity. Engagement is the lowest level of immersion. In digital games engagement can be achieved through factors like fun, socialization, identity, challenges, clear goals, rules and feedback. Game Elements Types in detail 10) Flow When players concentrate on the game’s task at hand, so deeply that they lose the sense of time and stop worrying about other things. This kind of state of mind is called a flow, where the player absorbs the activity and feels deep enjoyment. Game Elements Types in detail 10) Flow Players have flow in a game When a game has the following factors: 1) clear goals 2) clear feedback 3) balance between challenges and skills 4) control 5) concentration 6) losing self-consciousness 7) time transformation. Game Elements Types in detail 11) Motivation All previously mentioned aspects are related to motivation. 11.1 Intrinsic motivation Intrinsic motivation happens when people engage in the activity just for the activity itself and not for some external reward. For some reason, the task is meaningful for the participants. They are interested in overcoming the challenge or just to have fun. 11.2 Extrinsic motivation Extrinsic motivation comes from outside. Users are interested in participating for achieving external rewards – money, grades, points or badges.  Thank you For attention Games Design Chapter 4 Objects and coding Chapter 2 Objects and coding Unity element What are The Most Important Codes in Game Design Objects and coding What are unity main Interface Unity main interface are: The Hierarchy,Scene,Game,inspector,project,console Unity side interface are: Animation and Animator Objects and coding Unity main interface 1. The Hierarchy The Hierarchy Contain all the content of a specific scene 2. The Scene The scene is what you see as a game designer 3.The Game The game is what the player actually sees Objects and coding Unity main interface 4. The inspector The inspector is where you can change a setting of any specific object 5. The project The project is the place where you save any data that you need to use later like models animation codes 6. The console The console is where you find any coding errors Objects and coding What are Collisions? Collisions are tools inside unity that help the game designer do multiple things like putting the Collision or activate a code or put a physic material to some objects Type of Collisions? Two type ether Collisions or trigger Objects and coding What is Rigidbody? Rigidbody are tools inside unity that help the game designer to control the physic of any object and control their position and rotation Without rigidbody we can't make player movement code What is Tages? We used the tag when we need to identify an object inside the code Objects and coding What are prefabs? Prefabs is a Unity features that help optimize the games We turn an object to prefab when we use it multiple time to be able to render it only ones Objects and coding What are the main codes used in unity? OnTrigger Ontrigger Code are one of the used code in unity,We use it tell the game to do a code function on Trigger Objects and coding The OnTrigger have 3 type of trigger OnTriggerEnter Used when we enter a trigger OnTriggerStay Used when we Stay in a trigger OnTriggerExit Used when we Exit a trigger Game Elements Types in detail Destroy(gameObject) We use this code to destroy any object inside the game Time.timeScale = 0; We use this code to manage the time inside the game If the number in the right is zero the mean the time of the game will be stopped if the number is one that mean the game will work normally  Thank you For attention Games Design Binary Space Partitioning Binary space partitioning What is (BSP)? Why we need (BSP)? How dose (BSP) work? (BSP) Tree Binary space partitioning What is (BSP)? In computer Major, binary space partitioning (BSP) is a method for space partitioning which recursively subdivides a Euclidean space into two convex sets by using hyperplanes as partitions. This process of subdividing gives rise to a representation of objects within the space in the form of a tree data structure known as a BSP tree Binary space partitioning Why we need (BSP)? 1. Organizing (BSP) can greatly assist in the organization of complex environments by dividing a large space into smaller, manageable regions. This subdivision allows for efficient spatial management and control, enabling: A. Better resource allocation B. Collision detection and pathfinding C. Level design flexibility D. Efficient rendering Binary space partitioning Why we need (BSP)? 2. The experience Using Binary Space Partitioning (BSP) adds variety to the game by creating random environments each time, making each playthrough unique. This keeps the gameplay fresh and challenging, while still ensuring the space is well-structured and easy to navigate. It enhances replayability and keeps players engaged. Binary space partitioning Why we need (BSP)? 3: Randomizing To ensure a dynamically changing environment with each iteration, Binary Space Partitioning (BSP) can be utilized. This technique divides the game world into non-overlapping subspaces, creating random and unique layouts each time it is applied. By recursively splitting the environment into smaller regions, the algorithm guarantees that no two runs of the program yield identical space configurations. This randomness adds variability and replayability to the user experience while maintaining structured and navigable spaces within the environment. Binary space partitioning How dose (BSP) work? Binary Space Partitioning (BSP) works by recursively subdividing a space into two distinct regions or subspaces, using planes or lines, depending on whether the environment is 3D or 2D. This partitioning creates a hierarchical structure called a BSP tree, where each node represents a region of the space, and the leaves represent the smallest possible partitions. Binary space partitioning How dose (BSP) work? step-by-step breakdown of how BSP works: 1. Initial Division 2. Recursive Subdivision 3. BSP Tree Structure 4. Handling Objects 5. Applications of BSP Binary space partitioning (BSP) Tree A Binary Space Partitioning (BSP) Tree is a data structure used to organize and represent space, particularly in 2D or 3D environments. It is built by recursively subdividing the space into smaller, more manageable regions using partitioning planes (in 3D) or lines (in 2D). The BSP tree stores the relationships between these regions in a hierarchical, binary tree format. Binary space partitioning (BSP) Tree Structure of a BSP Tree: Nodes: The BSP tree consists of internal and leaf nodes: Internal nodes represent the partitioning planes or lines that divide the space. Each internal node stores information about the plane used to split the space. Leaf nodes represent the final subdivided regions (or cells) that cannot be split further or meet some stopping criteria (e.g., when a region contains no further objects or is below a certain size). Binary space partitioning (BSP) Tree Rules: The area space should be assigned as Max In 2D as X,Y And in 3D as X,Y,Z should assigned the minimum area of X,Y and Z When we divide the Nodes make sure that we divide the left side till it reach the minimum Binary space partitioning (BSP) Tree The X and Y should be divided until they reach the minimum request Binary space partitioning Binary space partitioning (BSP) Tree When we reach to the final stage We redraw it as a room  Binary space partitioning (BSP) Tree Finally using the stages or the tree we can draw The Corridors  Thank you For attention