Mental Health Review.docx

**Mental Health Review** **MENTAL HEALTH** - Accepts self and others - Is able to cope or tolerate stress - Is able to solve problems - Is able to form close and lasting relationships - Uses sounds judgement to make decisions - Accepts responsibility for actions - Is optimistic...

**Mental Health Review** **MENTAL HEALTH** - Accepts self and others - Is able to cope or tolerate stress - Is able to solve problems - Is able to form close and lasting relationships - Uses sounds judgement to make decisions - Accepts responsibility for actions - Is optimistic - Recognizes limitations - Can function effectively and independently - Is able to distinguish imagined circumstances from reality - Can return to normal functioning if temporarily disturbed - Is able to develop potential and talents to fullest extent - Is able to solve problem - Can delay gratification **MENTAL ILLNESS** - Feels inadequate/Has a poor self-concept - Is unable to cope - Avoids problems - Unable to establish meaningful lasting relationships - Display poor judgement - Irresponsible or unable to accept responsibility for actions - Is pessimistic - Does not recognize limitations - Dependent on others - Unable to perceive reality - Displays maladaptive behavior - Does not recognize potential and talents - Avoids problems rather than coping with them - Demands immediate gratification **FACTORS AFFECTING MENTAL HEALTH** - Inherited Characteristics - Nurturing Childhood - Life Circumstances **QUALITIES OF A HEALTHY PERSONALITY** **POSITIVE AND ACCURATE BODY IMAGE** Based on self-observance and an adequate concern for one\'s physical well-being **REALISTIC SELF-IDEAL** has an attainable goal that are worth striving for **POSITIVE SELF-CONCEPT** A person expects to become successful in life and accepts negative aspects of one\'s personality and faces openly and realistically **HIGH SELF-ESTEEM** Feels worthy of respect and dignified **SATISFYING ROLE PERFORMANCE** Can trust and relate to others, feels gratification from social and personal roles; displays socially expected behavior **CLEAR SENSE OF IDENTITY** Believes that he/she is unique person and can give a sense of direction and purpose **Characteristics of a Psychiatric Nurse** - Empathy - Genuineness/congruence - Unconditional positive regard - Respect - Altruism - Self-awareness - Concreteness **COMMUNICATION** - Reciprocal exchange of ideas between or among persons. **KINDS OF COMMUNICATION** - Therapeutic Communication - Social Communication **TYPES ON NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION:** - **Kinesis** - body movement, eye contact, gestures - **Paralanguage** - voice quality, non-language vocalization such as crying, sobbing, moaning. How something is said rather than what is said - **Proxemics** - law of space relationship - **Touch** - physical act - **Cultural artifacts** - eye glasses, uniform, beard - **Meta communication** - based on role expectations/hidden meaning of words **MODES:** - **Verbal** - written/spoken - **Non-verbal** - posture, tone of voice, facial expression **NON-THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION** - FALSE REASSURANCE - REJECTING - PROBING - OVERLOADING - UNDERLOADING - CLICHES **DEFENSE MECHANISMS** also referred as **EGO DEFENSE MECHANISMS** \"Human hiding place\" mental process first described by Sigmund Freud these are usually unconscious protective barriers used to manage instinct in a stressful situation **USES OF DEFENSE MECHANISMS** 1. To resolve a mental conflict. 2. To reduce anxiety or fear. 3. To protect self-esteem. 4. To protect sense of security. **SUPPRESSION** willfully or voluntary putting unacceptable thought or feeling out of one\'s mind with the ability to recall **\"VOLUNTARY FORGETTING\"** **REPRESSION** \"**BURYING ALIVE MECHANISM**\" involuntary forgetting **RATIONALIZATION** used to unconsciously justify ideas, actions, thoughts or feelings with good, acceptable reasons or explanations \"self-deception at its subtle best\" **PROJECTION** blaming others \"the escape goat\" **INTROJECTION** the ingesting philosophies, ideas, knowledge, customs, mores or attitudes of another person. "Attributing to self" **IDENTIFICATION** \"the IMITATOR\" used in attempting the personality or traits of another **COMPENSATION** making up for areal or imagined inability or deficiency **REACTION FORMATION** overcompensation displaying the exact opposite behavior, attitude, feelings **RESTITUTION OR UNDOING** making up for something because of guilt **SYMBOLIZATION** a representation of an idea, object, act, feelings and attitudes **SUBLIMATION** rechanneling the intolerable or socially unacceptable behaviors to socially acceptable behavior. **DISPLACEMENT** transferring of feelings to another person or object **SUBSTITUTION** act of replacing when the goal is blocked **DENIAL** refusal of thought, feelings, wishes, needs that are intolerable **REGRESSION** retreating the past levels of behavior to allow self to feel better and comfortable **CONVERSION** transferring of mental conflict to physical symptoms **FANTASY** \"DAYDREAMING\" **ISOLATION** separating an unacceptable feeling or ideas from one\'s thoughts emotional isolation **DISSOCIATION** act of separating and detaching a strong emotion from one\'s consciousness defer or postpone experiencing an emotional impact or painful feelings **INTELLECTUALIZATION** transferring of emotional concerns into the intellectual sphere uses intellectual reasoning **THEORIES OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT** **PSYCHOSEXUAL THEORY** **Sigmund Freud** - Austrian Neurobiologist - Father of Modern Psychology - Founder of PSYCHOANALYSIS **Freud\'s Psychoanalytic Theory - Personality Structure** **Id** - Pleasure seeking principle **Ego** - Reality principle - Gratify the Id in realistic ways **Superego** - Develops at age 4-5 years; voice of moral conscience **ORAL STAGE** - 0-2 years old - Pleasure is from oral activities like sucking or crying - If dissatisfaction occurs, it may continue to resurface at a later period suck eating disorders, smoking, thumb sucking, etc. **ANAL STAGE** - 2-4 years old - Children\'s attention is focused on the anal region - Pleasure is focused on elimination - Ideal age for TOILET TRAINING (2 ½ years old) ANAL EXPULSIVE - Messy, disorganized ANAL COMPULSIVE - Perfectionism **PHALLIC STAGE** - 4-6 years old - Center of pleasure is shifted towards the genital region - Children derive pleasure from activities associated with stroking and manipulating their sexual organs - OEDIPUS and ELECTRA COMPLEX - Fear of CASTRATION **LATENCY STAGE** - 6-12 years old - Period of calmness/stable period - Resolution of OEDIPUS and ELECTRA COMPLEX - Energies are absorbed by the concerns in school, peers, sports and other recreational activities **GENITAL STAGE** - 12 and above - OEDIPAL and ELECTRA feelings are reactivated and directed toward other persons from the opposite sex - Person is on his way in establishing a satisfying life of his own **PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY OF DEVELOPMENT** - Erik Erickson **COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT** - Jean Piaget **SENSORIMOTOR** **STAGE 1** ( 0-2 Years old ) - Ability to differentiate self from objects - Mental Representation, doing things intentionally - Mental Combination **Process of Pre-operational Stage** - **Symbolic Functioning** - pretend/make believed - **Centration** -- height of bottle - **Intuitive thought** -- a lot of questioning - **Transductive Reasoning** -- having a nap - **Animism** -- lifelike (happy stars, mad stairs) - **Artificialism** - windy/clouds **Concrete Operational ( 7-11 )** - Achieves conservation - Reversibility - Seriation - Classification - Decentering - Elimination of Egocentrism **Formal Operational ( 12 onwards )** - Logical and abstract reasoning - Formulation of hypothesis - Conclusion - Judgment