Study Skills: Learning How to Learn PDF

Study Skills: Learning How to Learn Dr. Mujeeb Ahmed Shaikh Assistant Professor MD (Physiology), JMHPE  Overview How is undergraduate learning different? How to learn deeply and actively? What is your learning style? How to promote reflective learning? OBJECTIVES.To define “Learnin...

Study Skills: Learning How to Learn Dr. Mujeeb Ahmed Shaikh Assistant Professor MD (Physiology), JMHPE  Overview How is undergraduate learning different? How to learn deeply and actively? What is your learning style? How to promote reflective learning? OBJECTIVES.To define “Learning” & learning principles To recognize that undergraduate learning.different from secondary school To identify different types of learning To apply these learning principles to our.daily learning activities  Some Opening Thoughts Successful people have made a decision to !be successful Success is a journey not a destination What is ??Learning  :Learning The process of acquisition (=gaining) of new knowledge, skills, attitudes, values, behaviors, preferences, &..…understanding It is not only knowledge You should be able to demonstrate such new learning Study: a definition Reading with a purpose i.e to obtain specific “ ”answers to specific questions Ailan Moran  How is learning & studying as an undergraduate different to learning & studying as a secondary school ?student  University vs. secondary school Secondary education Undergraduate education education Sources Mainly from teachers Not only from teachers. Books, & books internet, peers are also very important Orientatio More knowledge Not only knowledge. In a professional n oriented course there are skills and behaviors Goals To pass an exam Not only to pass an exam, but mainly to train for a profession (especially in a professional course) Type of Passive and superficial Active and deep learning. Learning learning mostly (unfortunately) needs to be with you for a lifetime Methods Mainly books & Lectures, small group discussions, teacher’s notes computer assisted learning, library, internet, clinical skills sessions, laboratory Assessmen Written exams Written exams, practicals (OSPE), t vivas (oral exams), clinical exams  Why are these differences in ?learning We consider you as adult The need to know — learners adult learners need to know why they need to learn something before undertaking to learn it Learner self-concept — need to be responsible for their own decisions Role of learners' experience — have a variety of experiences of life - the richest resource for learning Readiness to learn — are ready to learn those things they need to know in order to cope effectively with life situations Orientation to learning — are motivated to learn to the extent that they perceive that it will help them  If adult learning is to be achieved…... Learning has to be deep and active learning as opposed to superficial and passive learning Why is deep/active learning important? - Superficial learning is easily and very quickly forgotten - With superficial learning you will not be able to apply or use it in practical -situations Deep learning accommodates varying learning styles  How can deep /active learning be achieved?  Do not be a passive receiver of information.  Try to interact with information and try to apply it and try to do different things with that information.  What do we remember? 20% of what we read 30% of what we hear 40% of what we see 50% of what we say 60% of what we do 90% of what we read, hear, see, say and do  Learn actively and deeply Don’t just read and close the book Try to do different things with what you have read immediately after writing draw flow charts  draw diagrams using  colour write a summary  attempt answering pass  papers In short, interact with what you have   How to shift information from short term to long term memory? 1. Learn actively & deeply 2. Revisit, repeat & revise Important points about revisiting & revision  There is no special place of time to revise.  Try to revisit and repeat at every given opportunity.  Do not wait until you finish studying to revise.  Forgetting curve  The sharpest decline is in 1st 20 min, then in 1st hr, & then the curve evens off after about one day.  Show that humans tend to halve their memory of newly learned knowledge in a matter of days or weeks unless they consciously review the  Forgetting curve  By d6, it is hardly to remember what you learned unless you reviewed the learned material many times then it is hardly to forget it  The speed of forgetting depends on a number of factors such as:  Difficulty of learned material (e.g. how meaningful it is), Why there is different in Learning from one ??person to Other  Learning styles I Visual learner Auditory learner Reading/writing Kinesthetic learner  Learning styles II s Thinker Reflector Theorist Think after event Plan before event or experience or experience oriented Action- Activist Pragmati st One who want to do things practically  = Your learning style How you perceive information + How you process information  ?WHAT IS LEARING STYLES The way in which each individual learner begins to concentrate on, process, absorb, and retain new and.difficult information Learning styles are the most important tool for us.when we construct knowledge.The right way of studying does not exist Everybody learns in his individual way, but without knowing this way, you can’t learn efficiently – sometimes you can’t learn at all. SO Learning styles are strategies or regular mental behaviors that are routinely applied by an individual.to learning  Classical classification of Learning :styles Visual (prefer to learn by seeing) Auditory (prefer to learn by sound) Kinesthetic (prefer to learn by doing) Verbal (linguistic) learning style Logical (mathematical) learning style Social (interpersonal, relation) learning style  :Visual style Characteristics * prefer to see the information – like reading text - memorizes by writing repeatedly – when inactive, leads to doodles (=drawing), – looks around Enhancing* Visualization-imagine – Visual prompts – Concept maps – visual representation of information-posters - etc  :Auditory style Characteristics * like to listen to teacher – talks fluently and logically – memorizes by repeating words aloud – inactivity leads to talking to self or – others Enhancing * active listening – rhyme and rhythm-mnemonics (a technique – of improving the memory) … imagine you can hear –  Kinesthetic (by doing) * Characteristics – hands on – talks about actions, speaks more slowly – inactivity leads to fidgeting (playing , toying) – distracted by physical disturbance * Enhancing – use objects that can be manipulated – acting out (=perform to reach goal) – body language and physical movements  :The verbal (linguistic) style Involves both the written and spoken -.word.Express both in writing and verbally -.love reading and writing - Know the meaning of many words - The temporal and frontal lobes drive this -.style  :The logical (mathematical) style using brain for logical and mathematical -.reasoning classify and group information to learn or - understand Work well with numbers and perform -.complex calculations Work through problems and issues in a - systematic way The parietal lobes, especially the left side, -.drive our logical thinking  :The social (interpersonal) style Communication well with people, both -.verbally and non-verbally.listen well and understand other’s views - Prefer learning in groups -.prefer to stay around and talk with others - The frontal and temporal lobes handle much - of our social activities  Perceptual Elements of style Visual Visual Tactile and/or Auditory Verbal Picture Text Kinesthetic Learners Learners Learners Learners Learners Remember Remember Remember Remember Remember best when best when best when best by best when they LISTEN they SEE they READ DOING they to a lecture, a (create) the written rather than DISCUSS presentation, mental word sitting and with others or an images (textbooks, listening, the new.audiotape of what memos, reading, and complex they hear and e-mail or thinking information.or read.messages) about the they are.information.learning  How can you learn from learning experiences (both academic & non- academic)? By active reflection What is reflection? Reflection is purposeful and systematic revisiting of a learning experience with a view to learning What is a learning experience? Any incident that you either participate in or see/hear Reflective cycle: a simplified version 1. What is the learning event? 2. What did I learn? 3. What more do I have to learn? 4. How can I learn it? 5. Evidence for further learning / change of practice? Kolb’s cycle- Reflection Evidence for learning / change of practice Concrete experience What is the ?event Reflective Future observation planning How can I What did I ?learn ?learn What more do I Abstract ?have to learn conceptualisati on Why should you participate in other non-academic activities? They provide a rich source of learning experiences for you to develop a lot of abilities - Communication/interpersonal skills - Team work and leadership - Decision making - Organisational and management abilities - Attitudes - Personal development Key to holistic (=full, all inclusive) education  Summary  Learning in university is fundamentally different from learning in secondary school  Active and deep learning is the key to success in the university (and in later life)  Identify the learning style that suits you best to achieve deep learning and use it to the maximum  Try to learn from all experiences (both academic and non-academic) in the university I wish you a very successful and enjoyable time in your course All the best