High Middle Ages (1000-1300 CE) PDF

THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES (1000-1300 CE) High Medieval Period - was a period of general revival, characterized by the emergence of European nations, and economic, technological, and cultural developments. CHANGES IN WESTERN EUROPE The manor farms were more productive than ev...

THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES (1000-1300 CE) High Medieval Period - was a period of general revival, characterized by the emergence of European nations, and economic, technological, and cultural developments. CHANGES IN WESTERN EUROPE The manor farms were more productive than ever. ➔ increasing population ➔ improved technology = Increased food production and steady increase in population. CHANGES IN WESTERN EUROPE The widespread raids of the Vikings and the Eastern tribes began to wane. ➔ Viking tribes successfully converted to Catholicism. ➔ Warlike tribes in the East had been converted to the Orthodox faith. ➔ Strong rulers also emerged.  SIGNIFICANT CHANGES/IDEAS IN WESTERN EUROPE: Emergence of Towns and Cities Decline of Feudalism Emergence of Towns and Cities Burghs - first towns (the region of Flanders along the coast of Belgium and in the northern Italy) settlement which were organized at old Roman towns. established near markets or trading centers, castles, or an abbey. Emergence of Towns and Cities Increased population = increased urbanization Growth of cities/towns and different groups within them Merchants Bankers Artisans Lawyers, doctors, and scholars GUILDS Guilds = business associations organized by merchants and artisans in the same line of work. Created rules concerning foreign trading, pricing of goods, wages, etc. Guilds were controlled by masters = artisans who owned their own shops and tools  GUILDS Traders guilds - sought to maintain control over particular products and business activities in their areas. Craft guilds - imposed a standard of quality in the production of products. - implemented a system of training for individuals wishing to pursue a particular craft. GUILDS - Apprenticeship Apprentices worked for masters to learn the craft --> were not paid Apprentices became journeymen and received pay. To become a master, had to submit a sample of his work to the guild for approval. EMERGENCE OF TOWNS AND CITIES Charters - a documents that guaranteed the rights of the townspeople. - took responsibility of imposing law and order. - collect taxes = semi - autonomous political units  GROWTH OF TOWNS and CITIES Increased trade among towns and cities. encouraged the use of money as a medium of exchange. people worked on wages not for a share farm produce. growth in industries lives of serfs began to improve Knights also demanded to be paid for their services. Middle class - bourgeoisie - people who were not noble blood but gained economic and political influence.. GROWTH OF TOWNS - Negative effects Buildings were mostly made of wood, making fire a constant hazard Cities were dirty, smelled terribly, and had almost no sanitation Garbage and sewage waste tossed into the streets Caused the rapid spread of diseases such as typhoid, influenza, and malaria Could become epidemics