Medicine PDF - Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

medicine  Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology ANATOMY The study of the structure of liv...

medicine  Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology ANATOMY The study of the structure of living organisms and their · : parts e where organs are located... g · PHYSIOLOGY : The study of how these parts function and why they do work the way they. Example : Anatomy focuses on where the heart is located , while looks at how and the pumps blood Physiology why heart. of the Organization Human Body The body o sabera priestor is organized into different levels : hmoda velko,. Atom 1 the smallest basic unit of matter that makes up , everything around us 2. Molecule is a group of atoms that are chemically bounded together 3 Cell the basic unit of life similar structure and function 1. 4. Tissue a group or layer of cells that work together to perform a specific function of different tissues to perform specific 5. Organ group working together a function (e heart , liver ( g.. 6. Organ system group of organs working together to perform related tasks. 7 Organism the entire body functioning as a whole Homeostasis process that maintains the stability of internal conditions despite changes · a occurring outside of the body (right body temperature blood pressure , ,... Example stable internal temperature around 37 % : The body keeps · a even when external conditions change.  and Everyone's ultimate cause of death is the extreme irreversible · loss of Homeostasis. organ failure , hypothermia suffocation, I , starvation , dehydration podchladenie Negative feedback is the body's way of fixing any imbalances and bringing If out of balance (like things back to normal something goes. temperature or blood sugar) negative , feedback works to correct it and return the system to its ideal state. This process helps maintain stability in the body and prevents extreme changes ! Example If the becomes too hot , mechanisms like activated to cool : body sweating are it down. If the body becomes too cold , processes like shivering help generate heat to temperature back to normal This keeps the bring the. body's temperature within a safe range. Positive feedback : is when a change in the body is made stronger and faster ! Instead of trying to bring things back to normal , it pushes the process further in the same direction. Positive feedback is usually used in special situations that require a quick or intense response. maternica Example : CHILDBIRTH During labor , the contractions of the uterus push the baby down , which triggers the release of hormone called stronger which oxytocin Oxytocin. causes contractions , in turn release more oxytocin and this continues until the baby is born. This helps speed up the birth process ! Body Systems work together to maintain homeostasis : Nervous System Rapid communication between parts of the body · :. rychly  suvisiace su vessels cardio s cievami cievy konkretne vascular suvisiace so sudcom scvisiaci sudcom cierami chamlate blood so a The heart and blood vessels · Cardiovascular System : throughout the body. Respiratory System : The organs that bring oxygen into the body ·. · Digestive System : Breaks down food and absorbs nimutrients. Traviaci · Immune System : Defends the body against infections and diseases. achornie Therminology of Position and Direction Directional terms Anatomical position (classic Section => SCT S Sagittal body is erect and facing forward , C Coronal with arms at the sides and T Transverse palms forward Side view para = alongside Mi SAGITTAL PLANE sagitalna vovina PARASAGITTAL PLANE comes down vertically and any saggital plane divides a body organ or off center from in left and right halves midline or median plane , which is the center symmetrically in (midsagittal ( spojenie (sry two bones > is a joint where connected meet in a skull , by fibrous immovable tissue, typically in adults variveve skanivo ↓ vacinou sa ponziva razy , slachy jvy ,  Koronalna vovina CORONAL frontal PLANE Frontal Front view divides the body into a front section and a back section from to left runs right priecna vovina TRANSVERSE horizontal PLANE Transverse Top view horizontal line divides the body into a top section and a bottom section AXIAL PARTS APPENDICULAR PARTS head , neck and body legs , appendages · arms · , -attach to the body's axis o  ANTERIOR ventual POSTERIOR dorsal front body of the back of the body · · SUPERIOR cranial INFERIOR caudal · towards the top · towards the bottom structures farther structures towards away from the the midline are called midline are called MEDIAL LATERAL  PROXIMAL DISTAL towards the trunk try further from the trunk Example : medial line along the posterior to the heart anterior to the vertebrate inferior to the collarbone superior to the stomach curiosities By the time you reach old age, you'll have produced enough saliva to fill more than 1 swimming pool, or that you lose about 2 thirds of a kilogram every year in dead skin cells, and you will lose more than 50 kilograms of them in your lifetime. saliva >sliny slieral The 2nd century Greek physician Galen gleaned what he could about the human form by performing vivisections on pigs. Da Vinci poked around in dead bodies while sketching his beautifully detailed anatomical drawings. prehrabevat sa pitcy hiladas nico The human body contains around 7 billion billion billion atoms. miliarda.