Medicinal Leaves PDF

Medicinal Leaves (2) 1  Solanaceous leaves 1- Stramonium (Thorn apple) Bot. Origin: The dried leaves with or without the flowering, fruiting tops of Datura stramonium and its variety tatula family Solanaceae * Dark grayish green * Petiolated * Ovate –triangular ovate * C...

Medicinal Leaves (2) 1  Solanaceous leaves 1- Stramonium (Thorn apple) Bot. Origin: The dried leaves with or without the flowering, fruiting tops of Datura stramonium and its variety tatula family Solanaceae * Dark grayish green * Petiolated * Ovate –triangular ovate * Coarsely dentate or lobed * Reticulate venation * Acuminate apex * Asymmetric base * 10-20cm long /6-15 cm wide 2  2- Belladonna (deadly night shade) Bot. Origin : The dried leaves with or without the flowering tops of Atropa Belladonna family Solanaceae * Grayish green * Petiolated * Ovate * Entire margin * Reticulate venation * Acuminate apex * Decurrent symmetric base * 10-20cm long * 4-12 cm wide 3  3- Henbane “European Hyoscyamus” Bot. Origin: The dried leaves with or without flowering tops of Hyoscyamus niger family Solanaceae. First biennial henbane * Ovate lanceolate * Petiolated * Lobed or coarsely dentate * Pinnate reticulate * Acute apex Second biennial henbane * Sessile * Cordate base ( amplexicaule) 4 3- Henbane “ Egyptian Hyoscyamus” Bot. Origin: The dried leaves with or without flowering tops of Hyoscyamus muticus Family Solanaceae Pale green Ovate lanceolate 5  Hyoscyamus muticus Upper leaf Sessile More lanceolate Entire margin Lower leaf Petiolated Lobed Acuminate apex 6  T.S. in Datura stramonium -Dorsiventral -Crystal layer (cluster of CaOX) -Ep. with wavy anticlinal walls and smooth cuticle 7  T.S. in Datura stramonium 8  T.S. in Belladonna Lack of CaOX crystal layer. numerus idioblast 9 Striated cuticle  T.S. in H. niger Crystal layer contain prisms of CaOX Striated cuticle 10  T.S. in H. muticus Isobilateral palisade CaOX prism Isobilateral palisade No collenchyma 11 Striated cuticle Power of Hyoscymus, Stramonium, Belladonna Clavate gl. Hair Anisocytic stomata Gl. And non gl. hair 12  Anisocytic stomata 13  Idioblaste of belladonna 14  Crystal layer of stramonium 15  Crystal layer in hyoscymus 16 Twin prism of CaOX Branched gl. hair Unbranched in H. muticus hair in H. niger 17 Active Constituents : Tropane alkaloids chiefly hyoscyamine and Scopolamine & atropine.( Present in ep. Cells and phloem parenchyma Stramonium 0.2 – 0.5 % Hyoscyamine & scopolamine Belladonna 0.3 – 0.6 % 90% hyoscyamine & scopola. H. niger 0.04 – 0.15 % 75% Hyoscyamine & scopola. H. muticus 1 – 1.5 % Hyoscyamine & scopola. 18 Uses: 1- Anticholinergic : relieve spasm of urinary tract , spasmolytic. 2-Smooth muscle relaxant effect a- ↓ Intestinal tone “ anti- spasmodic” b- ↓ Broncho constricting effect of acetyl choline “Sedative in dry cough” c- ↑ Mydriasis effect 3- ↓ Sweat, saliva, gastric and pancreatic secretion 4- Treat parkinsonism 19  USES of Scopolamine (Hyoscine) ❑ The action of Scopolamine (Hyoscine) differs from that of Atropine and Hyoscyamine in that there is No central nervous system stimulation. ❑Hyoscine HBr is commonly used in as sedative, and CNS depressant. ❑Hyoscine-N-butylbromide (quaternary ammonium derivative) does not entre the CNS, safe antispasmodic ❑Used with strong laxatives to prevent griping) Chemical tests: 1- Mayer’s reagent Alkaloid extract + Mayer's reagent white ppt. Mayer’s reagent is pot. mercuric iodide 2- Vitali’s test (Vitali – Morin): Alkaloid ext. evap. Residue + conc. HNO3 evap. Yellow residue cool + alc. KOH violet colour. 21 Dose 0.5 – 2 gm / day in small dose Overdose (due to ingestion of these plants ) - The face turns red - The mouth & mucosal membranes turn dry - ↑the heart rate - Hallucination, Convulsions, Coma Treatment of toxicity - charcoal , physostigmine and pilocarpine 22  Buchu leaves Bot. origin: The dried leaves of Barosma betulina and the allied drug of Barosma crenulata and Barosma serratifolia F. Rutaceae * Rhomboidal in shape * Rigid and brittle when dry * Cartilaginous when moist *Contain 4 lateral veins * Upper surface is punctate 23  T.S. of Buchu Leaf * The leaf is dorsiventral * With continuous palisad * Non lignified pericyclic fibers * Schizolysigenous oil glands 24  T.S. of Buchu Leaf 25  Powder of Buchu Ep. with mucilage and Sphaerocrystals of diosmin Lower ep. contain anomocytic stomata Non gl. unicellular hair Schizolysigenous glands 26 Active constituents 1- Vol. oil “ diosphenol and menthone “ 2- Diosmin flavone glycoside 3- Mucilage Short buchu contain more vol. oil Chemical tests: Diosmin + KOH → red color Mucilage + ruthenium red → red color Diosphenol + FeCl3 → intense green color 27  OH O Diosphenol (Vol. oil) Diosmin (flavone glycoside) Uses: 1- Urinary antiseptic (diosphenol) 2-Treatment of the peripheral vascular disorder (varicose veins) (diosmin) 28 29  Select the best answer 1-Crystal layer with prisms of calcium oxalates can be found in… a- Hyoscyamus b- Belladonna c- Senna d- Stramonium 2- Branched hair is the key element of …. a- Hyoscyamus niger b- Hyoscyamus muticus c- Atropa belladonna d- Datura stramonium 3- One of the components of daflon® drug is extracted from… a- Stramonium b- Buchu c- Squill d-Senna 30  Complete the following 1- The active constituents of Buscopan® is………………. 2-………………..test is the specific test for tropane alkaloids 3- ………………..eye drops is used to dilate the pupil before eye examinations 31