DNA and RNA Structure & Processes - PDF
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Uploaded by WellPositionedMilkyWay2702
University of South Florida
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Summary
This document delves into the intricacies of DNA and RNA, covering their structures, including nucleotides, primary, and secondary structures. It explains the processes of replication, translation, and transcription, focusing on the roles of DNA and RNA. Additional topics include base pairings, and the differences distinguishing RNA from DNA.
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Chapter Six I Discuss the structure of DNA including nucleotides, primary structure, and secondary structure (double helix) nucleotides are made of phosphate sugar , ,...
Chapter Six I Discuss the structure of DNA including nucleotides, primary structure, and secondary structure (double helix) nucleotides are made of phosphate sugar , , and nucleic acid base. Primary Structure ↑ possible bases : 2 bicyclic purines) adenine and guanine) + 2 pyrimidine structures (cytosine and thymine) joined together by phosphate groups linking the 5-hydroxyl group to the 3-hydroxyl group of another arranged in random order Structure Secondary Double helix : phosphate backbone is ionised and sugar faces outward acid bases inward and A-T nucleic point pair up at or G - C purine pairs with pyrimidine-constant diameter to helix base pairs are stacked (vow interactions) chains are complementary G-C involves 3 H-bonds A-t involves 2 H-bonds 2 Know the structures, names, and abbreviations (single letter code) of the common deoxyribonucleotides and ribonucleotides. Identify base pairing of each. Deoxyribonucleotides adenine guanine inymine NHz O I cytosine iP ↑ X_ CH3 F * · t (A) (c) (T) (G). Discuss the structure of RNA including how it differs from DNA 3 RNA is stranded that is double single , unlike DNA helical stranded Some regions of. exist secondarywithin structure due strand to base pairing RNA the same with uracil ; In adenine pairs guanine with DNA where pairs cytosine - Unlike T-A - ~ 4 Role and processes that DNA and RNA play in replication, translation, and transcription * DNA replication' double helix splits and each original acts as a template for construction · Template has exposed bases pair with individual nucleotides to form triphosphates. An enzyme then catalyses the splicing (adding) of the new nucleotide Process involves into the growing chain. each new nucleotide reacting with the 3 end of the growing chain RNA transcription: DNA is copied by. mRNA The double helix unwinds and stretches to be exposed as template a on which the mRNA is. built Once complete the mRNA , departs the nucleus and the DNA reforms its double helix. RNA translation : rRNA makes up the major component of ribosomes and is the site of protein synthesis(translation) MRNA binds to one end of the RNA molecule Travels. along to the other end allowing the triplet code to be read and catalysing the construction of the protein molecule one amino acid at a time. ARNA links the triplet code on mRNA to a specific amino acid
