Medical Terminology CVS PDF

Medical Terminology Cardiovascular system Components of cardiovascular system (CV) Cardiovascular system consists of: the heart and blood vessels A- The heart (the blood pump) is divided into right and left sides separated by a wall called the septum. Then each site is divided into 2 cha...

Medical Terminology Cardiovascular system Components of cardiovascular system (CV) Cardiovascular system consists of: the heart and blood vessels A- The heart (the blood pump) is divided into right and left sides separated by a wall called the septum. Then each site is divided into 2 chambers so the heart consists of 4 chambers (Two atria and Two ventricles). There are 4 heart valves that present at the entrance and exit of heart ventricles  Aorta Superior vena cava Pulmonary artery Pulmonary valve Aortic valve Pulmonary veins Right atrium Left atrium Tricuspid valve Bicuspid valve Mitral valve Right ventricle Left ventricle Inferior vena cava Heart valves Four valves in heart Tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, aortic Act as restraining gates to control direction of blood flow Allow blood to flow only in forward direction by blocking it from returning to previous chamber Blood vessels blood vessels include arteries, veins and capillaries All arteries carry oxygenated blood except pulmonary artery All veins carry deoxygenated blood except pulmonary veins cardiology combining forms Angio phleb aorta thromb arteri Valv/valvul ather Vascul/ vas atri ventricul cardi electro coron myo embol pulmon son sphygm Review suffixes and prefixes. -Scopy -algia - itis -Pathy -dynia -lysis -Megaly -ectom -manometer Brady y -ologist Endo- -emia Inter- -sclerosis -ostom Peri- y -rrhaphy tachy -rrhexius Dys -otomy -Spasm a -gram -Stenosis Hyper -graph Hypo -ism poly -osis Blood pressure: Measurement of force exerted by blood against walls of a vessel May be affected by several characteristics of blood and blood vessels; Elasticity of arteries, Diameter of blood vessels, Viscosity of blood, Volume of blood and Amount of resistance to blood flow Sphygmoid means resembling pulse Sphygmomanometer is the blood pressure cuff; measures blood pressure Hypotension Hypertension Orthostatic hypotension Vasoconstriction Vasodilation Ejection fraction (EF) means calculation of how much blood a ventricle can eject with one contraction (EF averages 50% to 70% in healthy person) Congestive heart failure means failure of the heart to function properly (to contract and pump and deliver blood to body organs) Cardiomyopathy Myocarditis means inflammation of heart muscle layer Pericarditis means inflammation of pericardial sac Endocarditis means inflammation of lining of the heart Valvulitis Valvular Valvotomy used in treating mitral stenosis Atriomegaly Regurgitation means to backflow of blood through a valve Heart valve prolapse allowing regurgitation Heart valve stenosis allowing regurgitation Murmur is an abnormal heart sound also called a bruit Stethoscope Atheroma means fatty substance tumor/ growth Atherectomy Plaque is a yellow, fatty deposit of lipids in an artery; hallmark of atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis Arteriosclerosis Other common causes include smoking, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and familial tendency Lipid panel Thrombus Embolus Endarterectomy means removing of occluding material and plaque from the innermost layer of the artery Aneurysm means weakness and ballooning of arterial wall; commonly seen in abdominal and cerebral arteries Arteriorrhexis Myocardial ischemia Angina pectoris Syncope Myocardial infarction (MI) Infarct Coronary artery disease (CAD) Endovascular: within a vessel Extravascular: outside a vessel Angiostenosis Angiospasm Coarctation congenital narrowing of a vessel usually the aorta Stent is a stainless steel tube placed within blood vessel to widen the lumen Angiitis Arteriolitis Phlebitis Vein puncture (phlebotomy): Puncture of a vein by a syringe to withdraw a specimen of blood. Thrombophlebitis means inflammation of vein resulting in blood clots Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) means blood clot that forms in the deep veins of the body, especially those in the legs or thigh Doppler ultrasonography means using ultrasound to produce an image of blood flowing through blood vessels in order to determine blood clots or DVT Arrythmia: irregular heart beat Bradycardia Tachycardia Fibrillation: extremely serious arrhythmia characterized by spontaneous contraction of cardiac muscles; cardiac arrest and death Flutter: arrhythmia in which atria beat too rapidly, but in a regular pattern Palpitation: Sensation that the heart is not beating normally Angiography means X-rays taken after injection of opaque dye into blood vessel Cardiac scan nuclear medicine scan using radioactive thallium; to determine myocardial damage Echocardiography: use of ultrasound to visualize internal cardiac structures; especially valves Stress testing: evaluates cardiovascular fitness; patient exercises on treadmill or bicycle with a steadily increasing work load Pacemaker implantation device implanted into the heart to substitute for the natural pacemaker; especially helpful for bradycardia Cardiac catheterization Passage of a catheter into the heart through a vein or artery to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the heart Terms related to blood pressure Tension BP HT Hypotension Hypertensive encephalopathy Shock Cardiogenic Hypovolemic Neurogenic Anaphylactic Septic Stroke Hemorrhagic embolic End of Lecture