Podcast
Questions and Answers
What structure divides the right and left sides of the heart?
What structure divides the right and left sides of the heart?
Which heart valve prevents blood from returning to the right atrium?
Which heart valve prevents blood from returning to the right atrium?
Which type of blood vessel carries oxygenated blood?
Which type of blood vessel carries oxygenated blood?
Which of the following components is NOT part of the cardiovascular system?
Which of the following components is NOT part of the cardiovascular system?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of the heart valves?
What is the primary function of the heart valves?
Signup and view all the answers
What does deep venous thrombosis (DVT) specifically refer to?
What does deep venous thrombosis (DVT) specifically refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
Which imaging technique involves the use of ultrasound to visualize blood flow?
Which imaging technique involves the use of ultrasound to visualize blood flow?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of a cardiac catheterization?
What is the primary purpose of a cardiac catheterization?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition is characterized by an irregular heartbeat that can lead to spontaneous contractions of cardiac muscles?
Which condition is characterized by an irregular heartbeat that can lead to spontaneous contractions of cardiac muscles?
Signup and view all the answers
Which term best describes blood pressure that is unusually low?
Which term best describes blood pressure that is unusually low?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the definition of ejection fraction (EF)?
What is the definition of ejection fraction (EF)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following conditions is characterized by inflammation of the heart muscle layer?
Which of the following conditions is characterized by inflammation of the heart muscle layer?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the term 'regurgitation' refer to in cardiovascular terms?
What does the term 'regurgitation' refer to in cardiovascular terms?
Signup and view all the answers
Which procedure involves removing occluding material and plaque from the innermost layer of the artery?
Which procedure involves removing occluding material and plaque from the innermost layer of the artery?
Signup and view all the answers
Which term describes a fatty substance tumor or growth within an artery?
Which term describes a fatty substance tumor or growth within an artery?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary symptom of angina pectoris?
What is the primary symptom of angina pectoris?
Signup and view all the answers
What does 'vasoconstriction' refer to in the cardiovascular system?
What does 'vasoconstriction' refer to in the cardiovascular system?
Signup and view all the answers
Which term describes the weakening and ballooning of an arterial wall?
Which term describes the weakening and ballooning of an arterial wall?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Cardiovascular System Components
- The cardiovascular system is comprised of the heart and blood vessels.
- The heart is divided into right and left sides by a wall called the septum.
- Each side of the heart is further separated into two chambers resulting in a total of four chambers.
- The four chambers include two atria and two ventricles.
- Four heart valves are present at the entrance and exit of the heart ventricles.
Heart Valves
- The four heart valves are: tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, and aortic.
- They act as restraining gates, controlling the direction of blood flow.
- They prevent backflow of blood by only allowing blood to flow in a forward direction.
Blood Vessels
- Blood vessels include arteries, veins, and capillaries.
- All arteries carry oxygenated blood except the pulmonary artery.
- All veins carry deoxygenated blood except the pulmonary veins.
Cardiology Combining Forms
- Angio: Related to blood vessels.
- Aorta: Related to the aorta.
- Arteri: Related to arteries.
- Ather: Related to fatty deposits.
- Atri: Related to the atria.
- Cardi: Related to the heart.
- Coron: Related to the coronary arteries.
- Embol: Related to an embolus.
- Phleb: Related to the veins.
- Thromb: Related to a blood clot.
- Valv/valvul: Related to a valve.
- Vascul/vas: Related to blood vessels.
- Ventricul: Related to the ventricles.
- Electro: Related to electricity.
- Myo: Related to muscle.
- Pulmon: Related to the lungs.
- Son: Related to sound.
- Sphygm: Related to the pulse.
Suffixes & Prefixes
- -Scopy: Used to indicate a visual examination.
- -Algia: Used to indicate pain.
- -Itis: Used to indicate inflammation.
- -Pathy: Used to indicate disease.
- -Dynia: Used to indicate pain.
- -Lysis: Used to indicate breakdown.
- -Megaly: Used to indicate enlargement.
- -Ectomy: Used to indicate surgical removal.
- -Manometer: Used to indicate a device for measuring pressure.
- -Ologist: Used to indicate a specialist.
- -Emia: Used to indicate a blood condition.
- -Sclerosis: Used to indicate hardening.
- -Ostomy: Used to indicate surgical creation of an opening.
- -Rrhaphy: Used to indicate surgical repair.
- -Rrhexis: Used to indicate rupture.
- -Otomy: Used to indicate a surgical incision.
- -Spasm: Used to indicate involuntary muscle contraction.
- -Stenosis: Used to indicate narrowing.
- -Gram: Used to indicate a record or image.
- -Graph: Used to indicate an instrument for recording.
- -Ism: Used to indicate a condition or state.
- -Osis: Used to indicate a condition or process.
- Brady: Slow.
- Endo: Inside.
- Inter: Between.
- Peri: Around.
- Tachy: Fast.
- Dys: Difficult or abnormal.
- A: Without.
- Hyper: Above or excessive.
- Hypo: Under or deficient.
- Poly: Many.
- -al: Pertaining to.
Blood Pressure
- Blood pressure is a measurement of the force exerted by blood against the walls of a blood vessel.
- Factors affecting blood pressure include elasticity of the arteries, diameter of the blood vessels, viscosity of the blood, volume of blood, and amount of resistance to blood flow.
- Sphygmoid means resembling a pulse.
- A sphygmomanometer is a blood pressure cuff used to measure blood pressure.
- Hypotension is low blood pressure.
- Hypertension is high blood pressure.
- Orthostatic hypotension is a drop in blood pressure upon standing.
Blood Flow & Function
- Vasoconstriction is the narrowing of blood vessels.
- Vasodilation is the widening of blood vessels.
- Ejection fraction (EF) measures the amount of blood ejected from the ventricle with each contraction. A healthy EF is between 50% and 70%.
- Congestive heart failure is a condition where the heart fails to properly function, contract, pump, and deliver blood to the body's organs.
Heart Muscle & Inflammation
- Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle.
- Myocarditis is inflammation of the heart muscle layer.
- Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardial sac.
- Endocarditis is inflammation of the lining of the heart.
Valves & Flow
- Valvulitis is inflammation of a heart valve.
- Valvular means pertaining to a heart valve.
- Valvotomy is a surgical procedure to treat mitral stenosis.
- Atriomegaly is enlargement of the atria.
- Regurgitation is the backflow of blood through a valve.
- Heart valve prolapse and stenosis can both lead to regurgitation.
Sounds & Listening
- Murmur, also known as a bruit, is an abnormal heart sound.
- A stethoscope is used to listen to heart sounds.
Cholesterol & Arteries
- Atheroma is a fatty substance tumor or growth.
- Atherectomy is a procedure to remove an atheroma.
- Plaque is a yellow, fatty deposit of lipids in an artery that is a hallmark of atherosclerosis.
- Atherosclerosis is a condition where plaques build up in arteries.
- Arteriosclerosis is a condition where arteries harden and lose elasticity.
- Lipid panel is a blood test that measures cholesterol levels.
Blood Clots & Blockages
- Thrombus is a blood clot that forms in a blood vessel.
- Embolus is a blood clot that travels through the bloodstream.
- Endarterectomy is a surgical procedure to remove occluding material and plaque from an artery.
- Aneurysm is a weakness and ballooning of an arterial wall, commonly found in the abdominal and cerebral arteries.
- Arteriorrhexis is a tear in an artery.
Myocardial Function & Disease
- Myocardial ischemia is a lack of blood supply to the heart muscle.
- Angina pectoris is chest pain caused by myocardial ischemia.
- Syncope is fainting.
- Myocardial infarction (MI) is a heart attack. - Infarct is an area of dead tissue caused by lack of blood supply.
- Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a disease of the coronary arteries.
- Endovascular means within a vessel.
- Extravascular means outside a vessel.
- Angiostenosis is the narrowing of a blood vessel.
- Angiospasm is a spasm of a blood vessel.
- Coarctation is a congenital narrowing of a blood vessel, typically the aorta.
- Stent is a stainless steel tube placed inside a blood vessel to widen the lumen.
Inflammation & Blood Vessels
- Angiitis is inflammation of a blood vessel.
- Arteriolitis is inflammation of an artery.
- Phlebitis is inflammation of a vein.
- Vein puncture (phlebotomy) is a puncture of a vein to withdraw a blood sample.
- Thrombophlebitis is inflammation of a vein caused by blood clots.
- Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a blood clot that forms in a deep vein, especially those in the legs.
- Doppler ultrasonography is a test using ultrasound to visualize blood flowing through blood vessels to determine blood clots or DVT.
Heart Rhythms
- Arrhythmia is an irregular heartbeat.
- Bradycardia is a slow heart rate.
- Tachycardia is a fast heart rate.
- Fibrillation is a serious arrhythmia characterized by spontaneous contraction of cardiac muscles.
- Flutter is an arrhythmia where the atria beat rapidly but in a regular pattern.
- Palpitation is a sensation that the heart is not beating normally.
- Angiography involves taking X-rays after injecting dye into a blood vessel.
Cardiac Tests
- Cardiac scan is a nuclear medicine scan using radioactive thallium to assess myocardial damage.
- Echocardiography uses ultrasound to visualize internal heart structures, especially valves.
- Stress testing evaluates cardiovascular fitness by having the patient exercise on a treadmill or stationary bike.
- Pacemaker implantation is a device implanted in the heart to replace the natural pacemaker, helpful for bradycardia.
- Cardiac catheterization involves passing a catheter into the heart via a vein or artery to evaluate the heart.
Blood Pressure Related Terms
- Tension refers to blood pressure.
- BP is an abbreviation for blood pressure.
- HT is an abbreviation for hypertension.
- Hypotension is low blood pressure.
- Hypertensive encephalopathy is a disorder caused by high blood pressure.
-
Shock is a medical condition caused by inadequate blood supply to the tissues.
- Cardiogenic shock is caused by heart failure
- Hypovolemic shock is caused by blood loss
- Neurogenic shock is caused by damage to the nervous system
- Anaphylactic shock is caused by an allergic reaction
- Septic shock is caused by an infection
-
Stroke is a medical condition caused by a loss of blood flow to part of the brain.
- Hemorrhagic stroke is caused by bleeding in the brain
- Embolic stroke is caused by a blood clot that travels to the brain
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge about the components of the cardiovascular system, including the heart, blood vessels, and their functions. This quiz covers the structure of the heart, the role of heart valves, and the types of blood vessels. Ideal for students studying human biology.
