Medical Emergencies Two Study Guide.docx

1. Be able to differentiate and define the following key terms regarding allergic reactions a. Immune system b. Antigens and allergens. What is the difference between the two? c. Sensitization i. How does sensitization work in an anaphylactoid reaction? d. Anti...

1. Be able to differentiate and define the following key terms regarding allergic reactions a. Immune system b. Antigens and allergens. What is the difference between the two? c. Sensitization i. How does sensitization work in an anaphylactoid reaction? d. Antibodies ii. MAST cells iii. Histamine / Chemical mediators 2. What are the differences between an allergic reaction and anaphylaxis? e. Allergic reaction -- hives and urticaria only. Usually localized. f. Anaphylaxis -- Allergic reaction signs, + any of the following -- angioedema, bronchoconstriction, signs of shock iv. Angioedema -- lip/tongue/facial swelling, hoarse voice, throat tightness 3. What effects does histamine have on the body? g. Bronchoconstriction h. Vasodilation i. Capillary permeability 4. What effects does epinephrine have on the body? j. Bronchodilation k. Vasoconstriction l. Reverses capillary permeability 5. Epi-Pen -- MUST understand the following m. Trade and generic names n. Indications o. Contraindications p. Dosage (adult and pediatric) q. Actions r. Side effects 6. Define diabetes 7. What is normal blood sugar (blood glucose)? s. 70-140mg/dl 8. Define and differentiate the following terms relating to glucose regulation t. Insulin -- hormone allows glucose to enter cells u. Glucose -- the body's usable form of energy v. Glycogen -- how extra glucose is stored in the liver w. Glucagon -- converts released glycogen back into glucose when needed 9. Understand the cycle of glucose regulation (there was a circle chart in the lecture) 10. Glucose testing x. Procedure on how to do it y. What is hypoglycemia vs hyperglycemia? v. Hypoglycemia -- Blood sugar less than 70mg/dl with s/s of ALOC vi. Hyperglycemia -- Blood sugar greater than 200 mg/dl 11. Differentiate Type I vs Type II diabetes 12. Hypoglycemia z. Rapid onset a. ALOC b. Pale/Cool/Sweaty skins c. May be combative 13. Hyperglycemia d. Slow onset e. ALOC f. Warm/dry skins g. Kussmaul respirations h. Polydipsia i. Polyuria j. Extreme thirst k. Fruity odor on breath possible