Dissecting Out the Facts - Lecture 9 PDF

dissecting out the facts - lecture 9 Created @December 9, 2024 8:02 PM Class past present & future Overview Topic: Advances in understanding the human body, focusing on dissection...

dissecting out the facts - lecture 9 Created @December 9, 2024 8:02 PM Class past present & future Overview Topic: Advances in understanding the human body, focusing on dissection and medical science. Timeframe: Renaissance and beyond. Key Historical Context Renaissance Period Renaissance: "Rebirth" or revival of art, culture, and science. Focus: Not specific dates, but consequences of scientific and medical advancements. Key drivers: Reformation, invention of the printing press, scientific equipment improvements, and discovery of new plants/species for medicine. Key Figures and Contributions Claudius Galen (129-216 AD) Worked with animal anatomy (e.g., monkeys). Key ideas: Nerves control muscles. Distinction between venous and arterial blood. Bodily humours as causes of disease (disproven). dissecting out the facts - lecture 9 1  Believed venous blood was pumped by the liver and arterial blood created by the heart. Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation Criticized corruption in the Catholic Church (e.g., selling indulgences). Impact: Deconstruction of the Church's control over knowledge. Enabled spread of new scientific ideas, aided by the printing press. Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564) Revolutionized anatomy through dissections and detailed drawings. Published De humani corporis fabrica ("On the Fabric of the Human Body") in 1543. Contributions: Dissected human cadavers (executed criminals). Created detailed, accurate anatomical drawings. Refuted many of Galen's ideas. William Harvey (1578-1657) Discovered blood circulation. Key findings: Blood is pumped by the heart and circulates continuously. Conducted experiments on animals to study circulation. Demonstrated valves in veins prevent backflow. Ambroise Paré (1510-1590) Pioneer in surgical techniques and prosthetics. Innovations: dissecting out the facts - lecture 9 2  Used gentler methods (e.g., egg yolk, oil of roses, and turpentine) instead of boiling oil for wound treatment. Developed cautery irons to stop bleeding. Designed prosthetics, including articulated limbs. Advances in Technology and Dissemination Printing Press Enabled rapid, accurate copying and distribution of texts. Replaced manual transcription, dramatically increasing efficiency. Allowed for mass communication of ideas and reliable imagery. Anatomical Visualizations Detailed illustrations revolutionized understanding of human anatomy. Examples: Vesalius's drawings and later developments like plastination. Modern Techniques Plastination (Gunther von Hagens) Replaces body fluids with plastic, preserving structures lifelike. Popularized anatomy through exhibitions (e.g., Body Worlds). Visible Human Project Created 3D models of human anatomy through detailed imaging and slicing. Applications: Virtual surgery and advanced anatomical studies. Cultural and Practical Impacts Barber Surgeons Practiced bloodletting, enemas, tooth extractions, and minor surgeries. Separated into distinct professions by 1540 (barbers and surgeons). dissecting out the facts - lecture 9 3  Modern Anatomy Anatomy is still an evolving field due to individual variations in human anatomy. Example: Variability in wrist anatomy influences surgical approaches. Summary Advances in dissection and anatomy have profoundly impacted medical science. The interplay of historical context, technological innovation, and individual contributions continues to shape our understanding of the human body. dissecting out the facts - lecture 9 4