Food Frequency Questionnaire PDF

Food Frequency Questionnaire, 1 ► How often one consumes a limited number of foods ► Food list ► Must be targeted to population of interest ► Must account for major sources of food and nutrients in population ► 150 foods or less ► Frequency: times in a day, week, month, year ► Someti...

Food Frequency Questionnaire, 1 ► How often one consumes a limited number of foods ► Food list ► Must be targeted to population of interest ► Must account for major sources of food and nutrients in population ► 150 foods or less ► Frequency: times in a day, week, month, year ► Sometimes estimated typical size (or standard amount assumed) ► Respondents mark answers on scannable, machine-readable sheet Food Frequency Questionnaire, 2 3 FFQ Formats Simple (nonquantitative) Average Use During Average Use During Past Year Average Use During Average Use During Average Use During Average Use During Food Item Past Year < 1 month 1 to 3 month Past Year 1 to 4 week Past Year 5 to 7 week Past Year 2 to 4 day Past Year 5+ day coffee dark bread ice cream Semiquantitative Average Use Average Use Average Average Use Average Use Average Average Use Average Use During Past During Past Use During During Past During Past Use During During Past During Past Year < 1 Year 1 to 3 Past Year 1 Year 2 to 4 Year 5 to 6 Past Year 1 Year 2 to 3 Year 4 to 5 Average Use During Past Food Item month month week week week day day day Year 6+ day coffee (1 cup) dark bread (1 slice) ice cream (1/2 cup) Quantitative Medium Your Serving Your Serving Your Serving How Often? How Often? How Often? How Often? How Often? Food Item Serving Size S Size M Size L Day Week Month Year Never coffee (1 cup) dark bread (1 slice) ice cream (1/2 cup) Food Frequency Questionnaire, 3 ► Screeners ► Targeted: calcium, fat, fruit/vegetables, fiber ► Use ► When whole diet assessment not needed ► When cost is a concern ► Not substitute to assess whole diet Food Frequency Questionnaire, 4 ► Willett ► 1979 ► Originally 61-item ► What type? ► Semi-quantitative ► Harvard Nurse’s Health Study Food Frequency Questionnaire, 5 ► Block ► 1992 ► NutritionQuest ► FFQ children, adolescents, adults; screeners ► -30 minutes ► FFQ 70-110 items ► Screeners 7-50 questions ► $$: booklet $1.50, processing $8.25 Food Frequency Questionnaire, 6 ► NCI Diet History Questionnaire (DHQ) ► 2001 DHQ1 124 items, 1 hour ► DHQ3 web-based only ► NHANES has adapted Steps to Develop FFQ 1. Target & research question ► Purpose ► Target population ► Type: paper, computer ► Type of data: specific foods/nutrients, quantity 2. 24-hour recalls from representative population (n=500-1000) 3. Remove foods reported by very few 4. Foods that explain most (90%) of the variability between participants for nutrients Food Frequency Questionnaire, 7 Strengths Limitations ► “Quick” (30-60 min) ► vailidity questionable ► May capture usual intake ► 24-33% energy underreporting (6-16% for better 24HR) ► Low effort for respondents ► ***Food list is CRITICAL*** ► “Inexpensive” (on a large ► How many foods? scale) ► Which to include? ► Automatically scanning ► Culturally sensitive ► Good reliability (open-ended spaces) ► Must be updated ► Portion size limited, but frequency may be better ► Time frame of intake ► Can be costly  Comparison Table https://dietassessmentprimer. cancer.gov/profiles/table.html Steps to Selection Level Desired Approach Assumptions Information One Mean nutrients 1 24-hour recall Large number of of a GROUP 1 weighed food record subjects 1 estimated food record All days of week represented Two Proportion of 2+ 24-hour recall Retesting same population “AT 2+ weighed food record individuals RISK” 2+ estimated food record Non-consecutive days Three RANKING Multiple 24-hour recalls nutrient intake Semi-quantitative FFQ within group Four Usual intakes Even larger number of of individuals recalls or records for counseling FFQ Gibson 2002 Other Methods, 1 ► Diet History ► Burke in 1940s ► Steps ► (1) Collect general health habits ► (2) Interview for usual eating pattern ► (3) Cross-check on eating pattern (may include 24-hour recall) ► (4) 3-day food record ► STRENGTHS: Usual intake without specific time-frame, protein correlates with nitrogen excretion, seasonality captured ► LIMITATIONS: long (1-2 hours), requires trained interviewers, unwieldy to enter/analyze Other Methods, 2 ► Duplicate food colletion ► Participants put identical foods, portions in containers to be analyzed at a lab ► STRENGTHS: May be more accurate ► LIMITATIONS: Extra prep, food waste, participant effort, reactivity Other Methods, 3 ► Food accounts ► Household or institutional disappearance data ► Site visits ► STRENGTHS: large sample sizes, long periods, patterns of groups, inexpensive, less reactivity ► LIMITATIONS: Not for individuals, food losses ► Food balance sheets ► Disappearance data at country level ► Amount of food at beginning (imports, production) – food at end (accounting for exports, animal consumption) = disappearance ► Broad trends ► Data quality can be concern, not at individual level Telephone Interviewing ► Often used for 24-hour recall ► Replacement or supplement to face-to-face ► Generally good agreement ► Strengths ► Cost-effective ► Less logistical hurdles ► Personal security compared to in-home ► Limitations ► Fewer landline phones ► Portion sizing more difficult Technological Improvements ► AMPM, ASA24, DHQ online ► Digital imaging! ► Images before & after ► Cell phone, wearable cameras ► Fiducial marker ► STRENGTHS: ► Low burden ► High validity ©McGraw-Hill Education/Jesselyn Zbytowski, photographer ► Less reactivity ► LIMITATIONS: ► Cost ► Photo quality ► similar appearing foods Which diet assessment technique has a trained interviewer who asks an individual to recite what they ate and drank yesterday? a) Food Frequency b) 24-hour recall c) Duplicate food collection d) Diet History All of the following describe Food Frequency Questionnaires except: a) Should list 150 foods or less b) Try to capture typical intake over time, usually a year c) Respondents mark answer on a scannable sheet d) Always target an individual food group or nutrient Which is NOT a strength of food records? a) Memory not needed b) Data can be representative of usual intake with multiple days c) Takes more time to obtain data d) Can capture details on eating habits