مقدمة لفهم السيرة النبوية PDF

Summary

مقدمة لفهم السيرة النبوية. هذا الكتاب مدخل لفهم السيرة النبوية، ويتناول أهداف دراسة السيرة النبوية، وكيفية الاستفادة من السيرة في حياتنا اليومية.

Full Transcript

‫ﻣﺪﺧﻞ ﻟﻔﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﺩ‪.‬ﳛﻲ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻴﺤﻲ‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺚ ﺭﲪﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﳌﲔ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺻﺤﺒ...

‫ﻣﺪﺧﻞ ﻟﻔﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﺩ‪.‬ﳛﻲ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻴﺤﻲ‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺚ ﺭﲪﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﳌﲔ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺻﺤﺒﻪ ﺃﲨﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﱳ ﺑﺴﻨﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﻫﺘﺪﻯ ‪‬ﺪﻳﻪ ﻭﺍﻗﺘﻔﻰ ﺃﺛﺮﻩ ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺠﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪.‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﳝﺘﻨﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﺩﻳـﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﻳﺼﺢ ﻟﻚ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻚ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻴﻒ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﺪﻳﻪ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﻭﺃﻣﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ‪‬ﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﺳﺎﱂ ﻭﺣﺎﺭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﻭﺳﺎﻓﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻉ ﻭﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﻭﺃﻋﻄﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻋﺎﺵ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﻭﺳـﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻏﺎﺏ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺳﺎﻓﺮ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﻻﻗﻰ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻷﺫﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﺳﻰ ﺃﺷﺪ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻈﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﻼﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳓﺮﺍﻑ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺍﺟﻪ ﺭﻛﺎﻣﺎﹰ ﻫﺎﺋﻼﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﳓﺮﺍﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﻏﺮﺍﻕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻄﺎﻉ ﺑﻌﻮﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ ﳜﺮﺟﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻈﻼﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭ ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻼﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳍﺪﻯ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﺎﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺎﺩﺓ‪.‬ﻓﺄﺣﺒﻮﻩ ﻭﻓﺪﻭﻩ ﺑﺄﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﺃﻣﻮﺍﳍﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺪﻭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻭﺟﻌﻠﻮﻩ ﻧﱪﺍﺳ‪‬ﺎ ﳍﻢ ﻳﺴﺘﻀﻴﺌﻮﻥ ﺑﻨﻮﺭﻩ ﻭﻳﻬﺘﺪﻭﻥ ‪‬ﺪﻳﻪ ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺤﻮﺍ ﺃﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﳍﺪﻯ ﻭﻗﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻞ ﺗﻄﻠﺒﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﺠﺰﺓ ﻳﻜﻔﻴﻪ ﺷﻌﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺟﺪﺍﺙ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﺃﻯ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺍﳌﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺁﺧﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻭﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺏ ﺣﱴ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺗﺮﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺻﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻹﺧﻼﻝ ﲜﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﹼﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺧـﺬ ‪‬ﺪﻳـﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﺳﻨﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪} :‬ﻟﹶﻘﹶﺪ‪ ‬ﻛﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﻟﹶﻜﹸﻢ‪ ‬ﻓ‪‬ﻲ ﺭ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻮﻝﹺ ﺍﷲِ ﺃﹸﺳ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺓﹲ ﺣ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺔﹲ{‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﱴ ﺍﻛﺘﻔﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺳﲑﺗﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﹼﻢ ﺑﻘﺮﺍﺀ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺣﺘﻔـﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‪....‬ﻭﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺑﻘﺮﺍﺀ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻠﱪﻛﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻟﻼﻃـﻼﻉ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺃﺣـﺪﺍﺛﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﻗﺎﺋﻌﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻏﺰﻭﺍﺗﻪ ﻭﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﻭﺑﻌﻮﺛﻪ ﻭﺳﺮﺍﻳﺎﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺇﻣﺎ ﳉﻬﻞ ﺑﺄﺻﻞ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﻻﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﻭﺍﻻﻫﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻮﺍﺯﻡ ﺍﶈﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻣﺎ ﻟﻌﺪﻡ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﻙ ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺳﲑﺗﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻧﻈﺮﺍﹰ ﻟﻀـﻌﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻜﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻁ ﺃﻭ ﻟﻘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻻﻃﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﺗﺄﰐ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺋﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻈﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﻼﺹ ﺍﻟﻌﱪ ﻣﻦ ﺳﲑﺗﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻟﻴﻒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﰲ ﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﻣﻄﻴﻞ ﻭﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﻭﻧﺎﻇﻢ ﻭﻧﺎﺛﺮ ﳍﺎ ﻭﻣﻔﺼـﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﳎﻤﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺃﲨﻊ ﳐﺘﺼﺮﺍﹰ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪﺍﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺎﺕ ﺇﻻ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﱂ ﻳﱭ ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ ﻣﺴـﺄﻟﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴﺪﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺷﺮﻋﻲ ﻓﺈﱐ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺴﺎﻫﻠﺖ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺒﻄﺎﹰ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﱪ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺋـﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻈـﺎﺕ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﲢﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ )ﺩﺭﻭﺱ ﻭﻋﱪ ﻣﻦ ﺳﲑﺓ ﺧﲑ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ( ﺗﺼﺪﺭ ﺗﺒﺎﻋﺎﹰ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ )ﻣﺪﺧﻞ ﻟﻔﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﺳـﺔ ﺍﻟﺴـﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺪﺭﻙ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﻭﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﻴﺰﺍ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺜﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﻟﻀـﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﳓﺮﺍﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺠﺰﻫﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﻙ ﻣﺼﺎﳊﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺮﲪﺔ ﺍﷲ ﳍﺎ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻻﹰ ﳜﺮﺟﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻈﻠﻤـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺑﺈﺩﺭﺍﻛﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻻﳓﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﺻﻠﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳉﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﺬﻟﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻹﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻋﺎﺷﻮﺍ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﺮﻭﻧﺎﹰ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔﹰ ﺣﱴ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺅﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻝ ﻭﺍﳍـﻮﺍﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﱂ ﻳﻌﻮﺩﻭﺍ ﻳﻔﻜﺮﻭﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﺹ ﻭﻧﺒﺬ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻏﻄﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻠﻮ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﻃﻤﺲ ﻓﻄﺮﻫﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﲑ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺴِﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴِﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴِﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴِـﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘـﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺳﺎﺭ ‪‬ﻢ ﺳ‪‬ﲑﺓ ﺣﺴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴِﲑﺓ‪ :‬ﺍﳍﻴﺌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻨـﺰﻳﻞ‪} :‬ﺳ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻴﺪ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﺎ ﺳ‪‬ﲑ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻷُﻭ‪‬ﻟﹶﻰ{ )ﻃﻪ‪ ،(٢١ :‬ﻭﺳ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺮ‬ ‫ﺳ‪‬ﲑﺓ‪ :‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺙ ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﺋﻞ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﻗﺴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻱ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻳﻦ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻـﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﻭﺳـﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻉ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻷﺳﺎﻧﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﳍﺬﺍ ﺃﻓﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻛﺘﺒﺎﹰ ﻭﺃﺑﻮﺍﺑﺎﹰ ﰲ ﻣﺼﻨﻔﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﻣﻐﺎﺯﻱ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﴰﺎﺋﻠﻪ ﻭﺩﻻﺋﻞ ﻧﺒﻮﺗﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﺛﻬﺎ ﻭﻭﻗﺎﺋﻌﻬﺎ ﺇﺫ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻣﻄﻠﻘـﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻳﻘـﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺧﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺗﺄﺭﳜﺎﹰ ﻭﻭﺭﺧﺘﻪ ﺗﻮﺭﳜﺎﹰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺎﺩﺓ‪» :‬ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﺣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴـﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤـﺎﺀ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻤﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻠﻮﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻃﲔ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ )‪.(٣٨٩/٤‬‬ ‫)‪.(٢٥١/١) (٢‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺪﺭﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﺛﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺼﺼﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻴﺔ ﳊﻘﺒﺔ ﺯﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻣﻀﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳏﺒﺔ ﻭﻋﺸﻘﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺳﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﺑﻄﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻨـﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺤﻴﺔ ﺇﻥ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﻣﻘﺼﺪﺍﹰ ﻟﻐﲑ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﺻﺪ ﺷـﱴ ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻻﹰ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻫﻮ ﳏﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻭﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻉ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﻃﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﺗﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪} :‬ﻟﹶﻘﹶﺪ‪ ‬ﻛﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﻟﹶ ﹸﻜﻢ‪ ‬ﻓ‪‬ﻲ ﺭ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻮﻝﹺ ﺍﷲِ ﺃﹸﺳ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺓﹲ ﺣ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺔﹲ ﻟ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﻛﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﻳ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻮ ﺍﷲَ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﻴ‪‬ـﻮ‪‬ﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﻵﺧ‪‬ـﺮ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﺫﹶﻛﹶـﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﷲَ‬ ‫ﻛﹶﺜ‪‬ﲑﺍﹰ{ )ﺍﻷﺣﺰﺍﺏ‪ ،(٢١ :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪} :‬ﻭ‪‬ﺇﹺﻥﹾ ﺗ‪‬ﻄ‪‬ﻴﻌ‪‬ﻮﻩ‪ ‬ﺗ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻭﺍ{ )ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭ‪ ،(٥٤ :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪} :‬ﻣ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﻳ‪ ‬ﻄﻊﹺ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻮﻝﹶ ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺪ‪‬‬ ‫ﺃﹶﻃﹶﺎﻉ‪ ‬ﺍﷲ{ )ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،(٨٠ :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪} :‬ﻗﹸﻞﹾ ﺇﹺﻥﹾ ﻛﹸﻨ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻢ‪ ‬ﺗ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻮﻥﹶ ﺍﷲَ ﻓﹶﺎﺗ‪‬ﺒﹺﻌ‪‬ﻮﻧﹺﻲ ﻳ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﺒﹺﺒ‪‬ﻜﹸﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﷲُ{ )ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ‪.(٣١ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻴﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﻟﻺﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺪﻭ‪‬ﺎ ﻻ ﻧﻌﺮﻑ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻧﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻭﻧﻌﺒﺪﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻓﺴﲑﺗﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﺴﺘﻘﻲ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺓ ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﺣﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻌﺮﻓﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﺬﻟﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺇﻋﻼﺀ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺪﺍﺋﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﱳ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻘﻲ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺮﺑ‪‬ﻮﻥ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﻭﺳﺎﺋﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻘﻲ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺓ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻘﻲ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺰﻫ‪‬ﺎﺩ ﻣﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺪ ﻭﻣﻘﺎﺻﺪﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻘﻲ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺠ‪‬ﺎﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺻﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺃﻧﻈﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻃﺮﻗﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻘﻲ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺒﺘﻠﻮﻥ ﺃﲰﻰ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﱪ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﻘﻮﻯ ﻋﺰﺍﺋﻤﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﲑ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻣﻨﻬﺠـﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻘﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻘﻲ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﺼﻠﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﳌﻌـﺎﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺎ ﻳﺪﺭﻛﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺳﺦ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺴﻮﺥ ﻭﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨـﺰﻭﻝ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻭﻏﲑﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻭﺗﺴﺘﻘﻲ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﲨﻴﻌﺎﹰ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳊﻤﻴﺪﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳍﺬﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ‪» :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﻦ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻨﺎﺀ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺑﺄﻣﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻬﻴﺆ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﳏﻤـﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﺪﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﲰﻌﺖ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﻨﺎ ﻧﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻐـﺎﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻧﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪.‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﺪﻱ‪ :‬ﻭﲰﻌﺖ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﻳﻘـﻮﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫ﲰﻌﺖ ﻋﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﰲ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﳌﻐﺎﺯﻱ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ‪» :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﰊ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻨﺎ ﻣﻐﺎﺯﻱ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻳﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﻣﺂﺛﺮ ﺁﺑﺎﺋﻜﻢ ﻓﻼ ﺗﻀﻴﻌﻮﺍ ﺫﻛﺮﻫﺎ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ‪» :‬ﻛﻨﺎ ﻧﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻐﺎﺯﻱ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻧﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺴـﻮﺭﺓ ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻋﻈﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﻣﻠﻮﻛﺎﹰ ﻭﻗﹸﻮ‪‬ﺍﺩﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﻌﺮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻼﺳﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺳـﲑﺓ ﻭﺃﺳـﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﺗﺴﻰ ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ؟ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻃﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺫﻛﺮﻫﻢ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺒﻖ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺑﻘﻴﺖ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﲰﺎﺋﻬﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺳﲑ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻤﺎﺀ ﺃﺿﺤﻮﻛﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺸﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻛﻠﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻳﻦ ﳕﺮﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻹﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ‪} :‬ﺃﹶﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﹸﺣ‪‬ﻴﹺﻲ ﻭ‪‬ﺃﹸﻣ‪‬ﻴﺖ‪{‬؟! )ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪ (٢٥٨ :‬ﻭﺃﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﺮﻋﻮﻥ ﻭﺷﺄﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪} :‬ﺃﹶﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﺭ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻜﹸﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻷَﻋ‪‬ﻠﹶﻰ{ )ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ‪ ،(٢٤ :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪} :‬ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻋ‪‬ﻠ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺖ‪ ‬ﻟﹶﻜﹸﻢ‪ ‬ﻣ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻪ‪ ‬ﻏﹶﻴ‪‬ﺮﹺﻱ{؟! )ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺺ‪.(٣٨ :‬‬ ‫ﺇﻥ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻤﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺯﻣﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻳﺴﺨﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻭﺍﳉﺎﻫﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺩﻟﺴـﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻣﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺯﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﻔﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﺄﻃﺎﻋﻮﻫﻢ؛ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﻓﺘﻀﺢ ﺃﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﻼﻛﻬـﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺻـﺒﺤﻮﺍ ﳏـﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺨﺮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺇﻥ ﺳﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺑﺈﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﻇﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸـﺮﻙ ﻭﺍﻷﺧـﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺴﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ‪} :‬ﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﹶﻳ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺒﹺﻲ‪ ‬ﺇﹺﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﹶﺭ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻠﹾﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻙ ﺷ‪‬ﺎﻫ‪‬ﺪﺍﹰ ﻭ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺸ‪‬ﺮﺍﹰ‬ ‫ﻭ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﺬ‪‬ﻳﺮﹰﺍ ﻭ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﺍﻋ‪‬ﻴﺎﹰ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻰ ﺍﷲِ ﺑﹺﺈﹺﺫﹾﻧﹺﻪ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺍﺟﺎﹰ ﻣ‪‬ﻨﹺﲑﺍﹰ{ )ﺍﻷﺣﺰﺍﺏ‪.(٤)(٤٦-٤٥:‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎﹰ‪ :‬ﻧﺪﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﻟﻴﺰﺩﺍﺩ ﺇﳝﺎﻧﻨﺎ ﻭﻳﻘﻴﻨﻨﺎ ﺑﺼﺪﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺠﺰﺍﺗﻪ ﻭﺩﻻﺋﻞ ﻧﺒﻮﺗﻪ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺰﻳـﺪ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻘﲔ ﰲ ﺻﺪﻗﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺳﲑﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻄﺮﺓ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺳﻄﺮﺗﻪ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻒ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻛﺮﳝﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﺭﻓﻌﺘﻪ ﻭﺻﺪﻗﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻴﻨﻐﺮﺱ ﰲ ﻗﻠﻮﺑﻨﺎ ﺣﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﲪﻠﺘﻪ ﺳﲑﺗﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﻼﻕ ﻓﺎﺿﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻛﺮﳝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺮﺻﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺻﻼﺣﻬﻢ ﻭﺟﻠﺐ ﺍﳋﲑ ﳍﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺬﻝ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺇﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﻟﻈﻠﻤـﺎﺕ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﺎﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺮﺻﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺇﺑﻌﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻳﺸﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻳﻌﻨﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻋ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﻋ‪‬ﺎﺋ‪‬ﺸ‪‬ﺔﹶ ﻗﹶﺎﻟﹶﺖ‪» :‬ﺩ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﻞﹶ ﻋ‪‬ﻠﹶﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺒﹺﻲ‪ ‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻣﺎﹰ ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺎﻝﹶ‪ :‬ﻟﹶﻘﹶﺪ‪ ‬ﺻ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺖ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﹾﻴ‪‬ـﻮ‪‬ﻡ‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ )‪ ،(٢٤٢/٣‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻷﺧﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻭﻱ ﻭﺁﺩﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻣﻊ )‪.(١٩٥/٢‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻷﺧﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻭﻱ ﻭﺁﺩﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻣﻊ )‪.(١٩٥/٢‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻷﺧﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻭﻱ ﻭﺁﺩﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻣﻊ )‪.(١٩٥/٢‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﶈﻤﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﶈﺎﺿﺮﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪.‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫ﺷ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺌﺎﹰ ﻭ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﺕ‪ ‬ﺃﹶﻧ‪‬ﻲ ﻟﹶﻢ‪ ‬ﺃﹶﻓﹾﻌ‪‬ﻠﹾﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﻠﹾﺖ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﹾﺒ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺖ‪ ‬ﻓﹶﺄﹶﺧ‪‬ﺸ‪‬ﻰ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳ‪‬ﺠﹺﻲﺀَ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻞﹸ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﺃﹸﻓﹸﻖﹴ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻵﻓﹶﺎﻕﹺ ﻓﹶﻼ ﻳ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻄ‪‬ﻴﻊ‪ ‬ﺩ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﻮﻟﹶﻪ‪‬‬ ‫ﻓﹶﻴ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺟﹺﻊ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﻓ‪‬ﻲ ﻧ‪‬ﻔﹾﺴِﻪ‪ ‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻪ‪ ‬ﺷ‪‬ﻲ‪‬ﺀٌ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻭﻻ ﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﷲ ﺟﻞﱠ ﻭﻋﻼ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪} :‬ﻟﹶﻘﹶﺪ‪ ‬ﺟ‪‬ﺎﺀَﻛﹸﻢ‪ ‬ﺭ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻮﻝﹲ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﺃﹶﻧ‪‬ﻔﹸﺴِﻜﹸﻢ‪ ‬ﻋ‪‬ﺰﹺﻳﺰ‪ ‬ﻋ‪‬ﻠﹶﻴ‪‬ﻪ‪ ‬ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻋ‪‬ﻨﹺﺘ‪‬ﻢ‪‬‬ ‫ﺣ‪‬ﺮﹺﻳﺺ‪ ‬ﻋ‪‬ﻠﹶﻴ‪‬ﻜﹸﻢ‪ ‬ﺑﹺﺎﳌﹸﺆ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨﹺﲔ‪ ‬ﺭ‪‬ﺅ‪‬ﻭﻑ‪ ‬ﺭ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﻴﻢ‪) {‬ﺍﻷﺣـﺰﺍﺏ‪ ،(١٢٨ :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻭﺍﺻﻔﺎﹰ ﻧﺒﻴﻪ ﺻـﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪} :‬ﻭ‪‬ﺇﹺﻧ‪‬ﻚ‪ ‬ﻟﹶﻌ‪‬ﻠﹶﻰ ﺧ‪‬ﻠﹸﻖﹴ ﻋ‪‬ﻈ‪‬ﻴﻢﹴ{ )ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻢ‪ ،(٤:‬ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻢ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻗـﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻓـﺮﺡ ﺃﻭ ﺣـﺰﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺿﺤﻚ ﺃﻭ ﻏﻀﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﻣﺼﺎﳊﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻗﻂ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺼﺮ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻛﻞ ﺫﻟـﻚ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺎﹰ‪ :‬ﻟﻨﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺑﺬﻛﺮﻩ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪} :‬ﺇﹺﻥﱠ ﺍﷲَ ﻭ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻼﺋ‪‬ﻜﹶﺘ‪‬ﻪ‪ ‬ﻳ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﻠﱡﻮﻥﹶ ﻋ‪‬ﻠﹶـﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺒﹺﻲ‪ ‬ﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﹶﻳ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﱠﺬ‪‬ﻳﻦ‪ ‬ﺁﻣ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﺻ‪‬ﻠﱡﻮﺍ ﻋ‪‬ﻠﹶﻴ‪‬ﻪ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻠﱢﻤ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﺗ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﻠ‪‬ﻴﻤﺎﹰ{ )ﺍﻷﺣـﺰﺍﺏ‪ ،(٥٦:‬ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﻪ ﻋ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﺃﹶﺑﹺﻲ‬ ‫ﻫ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺓﹶ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﹶﻥﱠ ﺭ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻮﻝﹶ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ‪ ‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ‪» :‬ﻣ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﺻ‪‬ﻠﱠﻰ ﻋ‪‬ﻠﹶﻲ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺣ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺓﹰ ﺻ‪‬ﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﱠـﻪ‪ ‬ﻋ‪‬ﻠﹶﻴ‪‬ـﻪ‪‬‬ ‫ﻋ‪‬ﺸ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺍ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﻣﺴﻨﺪ ﺃﲪﺪ )ﺡ‪.(٢٤٦٧١‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )ﺡ‪.(٤٠٨‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼﻬﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻻﹰ‪ :‬ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ ﻭﻣﺴﺠﻠﺔ ﻭﱂ ﳜﻒ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺷﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺗﺮﻙ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺑﺎﺑـﺎﹰ ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﺇﻻ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﻟﻔﻮﺍ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﺎﹰ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﴰﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺩﻗﺎﺋﻘﻬﺎ ﻭﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﻳﻌﺎﻳﺸﻪ ﻭﻳﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﲤﺎﻣﺎﹰ ﻟﻮﺿﻮﺣﻬﺎ ﻭﴰﻮﳍﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻟﻒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺩﻳﺔ ‪-‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺔ‪ -‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻟﻒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻭﺛﻼﲦﺎﺋﺔ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻋﺸﺮ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎﹰ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﲤﻴﺰﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻕ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺎﻧﺔ ﰲ ﻧﻘﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺣﻈﻴﺖ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﺎ ﺣﻈﻴﻪ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺤﻴﺺ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺃﺻﺢ ﺳﲑﺓ ﻧﻘﻠـﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻧﱯ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎﹰ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺘﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﳋﻠﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺧﻠﻮﺩﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺴﲑﺗﻪ ﻗﺪﻭﺓ ﻭﺃﺳﻮﺓ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﻗﺪ ﺳﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻮﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﺳﲑﺓ ﻳﻨﺘﻔـﻊ ‪‬ـﺎ ﺻـﻐﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨـﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺒﺎﺭﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﷲ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻗﺪ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄﻥ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻻ ﺷﻚ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﲑ ﻭﺻﻼﺡ ﻭﺳﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﺇﻻ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻰ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻣـﻦ ﺷـﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺴﺎﺩ ﻭﺷﻘﺎﺀ ﻭﻇﻠﻢ ﻭﺟﻮﺭ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﳉﻬﻞ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﺑﺴﲑﺓ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ‪ -‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻭﳏﺎﺻﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ -‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪} :‬ﻭ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﹶﺭ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻠﹾﻨ‪‬ﺎﻙ‪ ‬ﺇﹺﻻﱠ ﺭ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺔﹰ ﻟ‪‬ﻠﻌ‪‬ﺎﻟﹶﻤ‪‬ﲔ‪) {‬ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،(١٠٧:‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﺔ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﺍﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺪﺍﺓ ﻟﻠﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﲨﻴﻌﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺭﲪﺔ ﳍﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻘﺬﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻼﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻈﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺴﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻴﺎﻉ ﻭﺍﻻﳓﻄﺎﻁ‪ ،‬ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴـﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﳍﺪﺍﻳـﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌـﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻓﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻣﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪} :‬ﻭ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﹶﺭ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻠﹾﻨ‪‬ﺎﻙ‪ ‬ﹺﺇﻻﱠ ﻛﹶﺎﻓﹶﺔﹰ ﻟ‪‬ﻠﻨ‪‬ﺎﺱﹺ ﺑ‪‬ﺸ‪‬ﲑﺍﹰ ﻭ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﺬ‪‬ﻳﺮﹰﺍ{ )ﺳـﺒﺄ‪،(٢٨:‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺟﻞ ﻭﻋﻼ‪} :‬ﺗ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺎﺭ‪‬ﻙ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﱠﺬ‪‬ﻱ ﻧ‪‬ﺰ‪‬ﻝﹶ ﺍﻟﻔﹸﺮ‪‬ﻗﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﻋ‪‬ﻠﹶﻰ ﻋ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻩ‪ ‬ﻟ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻜﹸﻮﻥﹶ ﻟ‪‬ﻠﻌ‪‬ﺎﻟﹶﻤ‪‬ﲔ‪ ‬ﻧ‪‬ﺬ‪‬ﻳﺮﺍﹰ{ )ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺎﻥ‪.(١:‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪» :‬ﻭ‪‬ﻛﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺒﹺﻲ‪ ‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺚﹸ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻰ ﻗﹶﻮ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻪ‪ ‬ﺧ‪‬ﺎﺻ‪‬ﺔﹰ ﻭ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺜﹾﺖ‪ ‬ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎﺱﹺ ﻛﹶﺎﻓﱠﺔﹰ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﻊ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﺘﺪﻱ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻦ ﲡﺪ ﺳﲑﺓ ‪-‬ﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﺃﻭ ﻧﱯ‪ -‬ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺳﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﻱ ﺩﻳﻦ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻛﻴﺰﺗﲔ‪ :‬ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻘﺬ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﻳﻘﻮﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﶈﺎﺿﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﶈﻤﺪﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ )ﺡ‪- (٤٣٨‬ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﻟﻪ‪ ،-‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ )ﺡ‪.(٥٢١‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺴﻤﲔ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﷲ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺫﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨـﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺗﺆﻣﻦ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺑﺮﺑﻪ؟ ﻭﺑﺄﻱ ﺻﻔﺔ ﻳﺼـﻔﻪ؟ ﻭﺑـﺄﻱ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺗﺘﺠﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ؟‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﻓﺎﲝﺚ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻞ ﲡﺪ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻼﹰ ﻟﻠﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗـﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴـﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻼﹰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺌﻮﻥ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﻔﺤﺺ ﰲ ﺳـﲑ ﲨﻴـﻊ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻈﻤﺎﺀ ﻫﻞ ﲡﺪ ﺇﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺎﺗﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻴﺰﺗﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺆﻛﺪ ﺃﻧﻚ ﻟﻦ ﺗﺼﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﻹﺳـﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺄﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺫﻳﲔ ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻮﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻮﺫﺍ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻪ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺗﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺃﺳﺮﺗﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ؟ ﻓﻠﻦ ﲡﺪ ﺟﻮﺍﺑﺎﹰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﺄﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺭﻯ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻮﻥ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﺓ؟ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﳛﺪﺩﻭ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﺜﻼﺛﲔ ﻋﺎﻣـﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﺓ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻋﻮﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺃﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺭﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺰﻋﻤﻮﻥ ﺑﻨﻮﺗﻪ ﻟﻪ؟ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﳌﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻮﺍﹰ ﻛﺒﲑﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻦ ﲡﺪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺃﻱ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺳﺘﺠﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻫﺸﺔ ﺑﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﲨﻴﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﱂ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺎﹰ‪ :‬ﻛﻤﺎﳍﺎ ﺑﻼ ﻋﻴﺐ ﺃﻭ ﻧﻘﺺ ﺃﻭ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻠﻞ‪ ،‬ﻗﻠﱢﺐ ﺑﺼﺮﻙ ﻭﻋﻘﻠﻚ ﰲ ﺛﻨﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺴـﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻔﺔ ﻫﻞ ﲦﺖ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺗﻨﺘﻘﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻴﺐ ﲡﺪﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﱂ ﻳﻘﺾ ﻭﻗﺘﻪ ﺑﲔ ﺃﺣﺒﺎﺑﻪ ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻗﻀﻰ ﺃﻏﻠﺐ ﻋﻤﺮﻩ ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﺪ ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺋﻪ ﻭﻫﻢ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻋﻤﺮﻩ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳚﺎﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﻘﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠـﻢ ﻳﺴـﺘﻄﻴﻌﻮﺍ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻣـﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻘﻴﺼﺔ ﰲ ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻪ ﻭﴰﺎﺋﻠﻪ ﻭﺻﺪﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺮﺻﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺐ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺭﻣـﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻞ ﻣﻜﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺌﺔ ﻭﻋﻴ‪‬ﺮﻭﻩ ﺑﺎﻷﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻴﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻌﻮﺍ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺪﺣﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﻳﺪﻧﺴﻮﺍ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻫﺮ ﺭﻏﻢ ﺇﻧﻔﺎﻗﻬﻢ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﳍﻢ ﻭﺇﺯﻫﺎﻗﻬﻢ ﺃﺭﻭﺍﺣﻬﻢ ﰲ ﻋﺪﺍﺋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪} :‬ﻗﹶﺪ‪ ‬ﻧ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻠﹶﻢ‪ ‬ﺇﹺﻧ‪‬ـﻪ‪‬‬ ‫ﻟﹶﻴ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﺰ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﻚ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﱠﺬ‪‬ﻱ ﻳ‪‬ﻘﹸﻮﻟﹸﻮﻥﹶ ﻓﹶﺈﹺﻧ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﻢ‪ ‬ﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﻜﹶﺬﱢﺑ‪‬ﻮﻧ‪‬ﻚ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟﹶﻜ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻈﱠﺎﻟ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﲔ‪ ‬ﺑﹺﺂﻳ‪‬ﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﷲِ ﻳ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻭﻥﹶ{ )ﺍﻷﻧﻌﺎﻡ‪.(٣٣:‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺻﻌﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎ ﻟﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺣﻴـﺚ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺃﹶﺭ‪‬ﺃﹶﻳ‪‬ﺘ‪ ‬ﹸﻜﻢ‪ ‬ﻟﹶﻮ‪ ‬ﺃﹶﺧ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻜﹸﻢ‪ ‬ﺃﹶﻥﱠ ﺧ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻼﹰ ﺑﹺﺎﻟﹾﻮ‪‬ﺍﺩ‪‬ﻱ ﺗ‪‬ﺮﹺﻳﺪ‪ ‬ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﺗ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﲑ‪ ‬ﻋ‪‬ﻠﹶ‪‬ﻴﻜﹸﻢ‪ ‬ﺃﹶﻛﹸﻨ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻢ‪ ‬ﻣ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﻲ‪‬؟ ﻗﹶﺎﻟﹸﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻧ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺟ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ـﺎ‬ ‫ﻋ‪‬ﻠﹶﻴ‪‬ﻚ‪ ‬ﺇﹺﻻﱠ ﺻ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻗﺎﹰ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﱐ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺸﻲ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺟﻬﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﺯﻗﺔ ﻣﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻟﻘﻴﻨﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﶈﺎﺿﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﶈﻤﺪﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻱ )‪.(٣٦٠\٨‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻷﰊ ﺟﻬﻞ‪» :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻫﻠﻢ‪ ‬ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﱐ ﺃﺩﻋﻮﻙ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ« ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑـﻮ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻞ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻣﻨﺘﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺐ ﺁﳍﺘﻨﺎ؟ ﻫﻞ ﺗﺮﻳﺪ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺸﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ؟ ﻓﻮﺍﷲ ﻟﻮ ﺃﱐ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﺣﻖ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺒﻌﺘﻚ! ﻓﺎﻧﺼﺮﻑ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺃﻗﺒﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺇﱐ ﻷﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺣﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﲏ ﻗﺼﻲ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻠﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺪﻭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻗﻠﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ‪ ،‬ﻗـﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻨـﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻗﻠﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﺎﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﻠﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﻃﻌﻤﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻃﻌﻤﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﺇﺫﺍ ﲢﺎﻛﹼﺖ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻛﹶﺐ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﱯ! ﻓﻼ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻻ ﺃﻓﻌﻞ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﳌﺎ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﺖ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺳﻢ ﻟﻼﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﳜﺘﻠﻘﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺷـﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ‪-‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﻴﺄﰐ‪ -‬ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺻﺮﻳﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺮﺻﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻴﻌﺔ ﰲ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﲑ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻱ ﻧﻘﻴﺼﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻴﺐ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺃﱏ ﳍﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺍﺣﻮﺍ ﳜﺘﻠﻘﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺣﻴﺎﺀ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻤﺎﺀ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﻢ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻏﲑ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﻢ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﻢ ﻭﰲ ﺑﻴﻮ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺮﺿـﻮﻥ ﻟﺰﻭﺟـﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﲣﱪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺣﻮﺍﳍﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﺣﻴﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺳﺮﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺍﺭ ﻳﻌﺎﻗﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻓﺸﺎﺋﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻛـﺬﻟﻚ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺿﻮﻥ ﺃﺑﺪﺍﹰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻄﻠﻊ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻋﺪﺍ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻬﻮ ﱂ ﻳﺮﺽ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻞ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻘﻞ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﻠﻎ ﻋﻨـﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺯﻭﺍﺟﻪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻭﻩ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﺇ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﺘﺒﻠﻎ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﲢﺖ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﺎﻑ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﻏﺴﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻟﻴﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﻼﺻﻖ ﻟـﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻦ ﻣﻌﻪ!‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎﹰ‪ :‬ﴰﻮﳍﺎ ﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺡ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﻋﺎﺵ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺑﲔ ﺻﺤﺎﺑﺘﻪ ﻭﺗﺰﻭﺝ ﺑﺘﺴﻊ ﻧﺴﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﻣﻨـﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺋﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺑﻠﻐﻮﺍ ﻋﲏ ﻭﻟﻮ ﺁﻳﺔ«)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﻧﻀﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻣﺮﺀﺍﹰ ﲰﻊ ﻣﻨﺎ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻓﺒﻠﻐﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﲰﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺏ ﻣﺒﻠـﻎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻋﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﻣﻊ«)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺳﺎﻓﺮ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻗﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺍﻋﺘﺰﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ ﺃﺑﺪﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻀﺎﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﺼـﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺗﻔﺮﻍ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻟﻠﺮﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﻪ ﻛﺄﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ ﺑـﻦ ﺑﻜـﲑ ﰲ ﺯﻭﺍﺋـﺪﻩ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟﺴـﲑ ﻭﺍﳌﻐـﺎﺯﻱ ﻻﺑـﻦ ﺇﺳـﺤﺎﻕ )ﺹ‪ ،(٢١٠:‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘـﻲ ﰲ ﺩﻻﺋـﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺒـﻮﺓ‬ ‫)‪ ،(٢٠٧/٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﺎﺀ )ﺹ‪ :(٩٣:‬ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ ﺣﺴﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ )ﺡ‪.(٣٤٦١‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ )ﺡ‪ ،(٢٦٥٧‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ )ﺡ‪ ،(٣٦٦٠‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟـﺔ )ﺡ‪ ،(٣٠٥٦ ،٢٣٦ ٢٣٢ ،٢٣١ ،٢٣٠‬ﻭﺃﲪـﺪ )ﺡ‪،٤١٤٦‬‬ ‫‪ ،(٦٢٩٣٧‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻣﻲ )ﺡ‪.(٢٢٨‬‬ ‫‪٩‬‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﻭﺻﻔﻮﻩ ﰲ ﻗﻴﺎﻣﻪ ﻭﺟﻠﻮﺳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻨﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻴﺌﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺿـﺤﻜﻪ ﻭﺍﺑﺘﺴـﺎﻣﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻴـﻒ ﺍﻏﺘﺴـﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺿﻮﺅﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺸﺮﺏ ﻭﻳﺄﻛﻞ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺠﺒﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻔﻮﺍ ﺟﺴﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻫﺮ ﻛﺄﻧﻚ ﺗﺮﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﺫﻛﺮﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺾ ﰲ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﻭﳊﻴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﶈﺔ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﺋﻞ ﲡﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻫـﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﻮﻝ ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺩﺳﺎﹰ‪ :‬ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻌﻤﻮﻣﻬﺎ ﱂ ﺗﺘﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﱂ ﺗﺘﻜﺊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﻮﺍﺭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﻓﺼﻮﳍﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺠﺰﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺠﺰﺍﺕ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻗﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻞ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺪﺍﺀ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﶈﻤﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﶈﺎﺿﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺪﻭﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫‪١٠‬‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﺻﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻦ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻐـﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟـﺪﻻﺋﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﺋﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳋﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻤﻴﻠﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻭﺍﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻷﻧﺴﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺮﺍﺟﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺟـﺎﻝ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴـﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴـﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼـﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺮﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺰﻭﺍﺕ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﻮﻗـﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﻘﲔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ ﻣﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻭﺷـﺎﺭﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﻟﻶﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻧﻴﺔ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻧﻘﻠﺖ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺑﺄﺻﺢ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﻧﻴﺪ ﻛـﺜﲑﺍﹰ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﻭﻣﻐﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻔﺎﹰ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺎﹰ ﳊﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼـﻴﺔ ﻭﺳـﲑﺗﻪ ﻣـﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٣‬ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ‪ :‬ﻭﺗﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺠﺰﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺪﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﺪﻡ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺐ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﺎﰊ )ﺕ‪٢١٢‬ﻫـ( ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ »ﺩﻻﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﺓ«‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺋﲏ )ﺕ‪٢٢٥‬ﻫـ( ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ »ﺁﻳـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ «...‬ﺍﱁ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٤‬ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﺋﻞ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺒﲔ ﺃﺧﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺻﻔﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﳋﻠﻘﻴـﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﻠﻘﻴـﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻗﺪﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺘﺮﻱ ﻭﻫﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻭﻫﺐ ﺍﻷﺳﺪﻱ )ﺕ‪٢٠٠‬ﻫـ( ﰲ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ »ﺻﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ«‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﺋﻞ »ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﶈﻤﺪﻳﺔ« ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٥‬ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﻋﺘﲎ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻣﺒﻜﺮ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻀﻔﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣـﻞ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺷﺘﻬﺮ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒـﺎﺱ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱪﺍﺀ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﺯﺏ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﲨﻌﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻓﺮﻭﻥ ﻣﻘﺮﻭﻥ ﳍﻢ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫـﺆﻻﺀ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﺑﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ )ﺕ‪١٠٥-١٠١‬ﻫـ( ﻭﻋﺮﻭﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ )ﺕ‪٩٤‬ﻫـ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﱯ )ﺕ‪١٠٣‬ﻫـ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﻓﻬﺮﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻣﻘﺘﺒﺴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﶈﻤﺪ ﻋﺰﺓ ﺩﺭﻭﺯﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫‪١١‬‬ ‫ﻭﳑﻦ ﺍﻫﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ )ﺕ‪١٢٤‬ﻫـ( ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﻫﺎ ﻋﻦ ﲨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻋﻦ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﺛﻖ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﳌﻐﺎﺯﻱ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ )ﺕ‪١٤٠‬ﻫـ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﲔ »ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﻮﺳـﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ«‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪» :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻐﺎﺯﻱ ﺃﺻﺢ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘـﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺻﻐﺮﻩ ﻭﺧﻠﻮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻏﲑﻩ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳑ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﻟﻒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺮ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻃﺮﺧﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻲ )ﺕ‪١٤٣‬ﻫـ( ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﻘـﺎﺕ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﺍﻫﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺧﲑ ﺍﻷﺷﺒﻴﻠﻲ ﰲ »ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺘﻪ« )ﺹ‪،(٢٣١:‬‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻬﻴﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳑﻦ ﻋﻼ ﺻ‪‬ﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﺷﺘﻬﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ ﺣﱴ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ )ﺕ‪١٥١‬ﻫـ( ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻼﻣﻴﺬ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ )ﺕ‪٢١٨‬ﻫـ( ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺑﻘﻴﺖ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻥ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺬﻑ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺼﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸـﻌﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺷﺮﺣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻴﻠﻲ )ﺕ‪٥١٨‬ﻫـ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﹸﺘ‪‬ﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﺪﻱ )ﺕ‪٢٠٧‬ﻫـ( ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺋﻤﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﻫﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻊ ﻭﺍﳌﻐـﺎﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﺄﻝ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺎﻭﻝ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻊ ﺳﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻤـﻪ ﻭﺷـﻬﺮﺗﻪ ﻭﺍﻃﻼﻋـﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﲣﺼﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﺮﻭﻙ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ‪» :‬ﻋﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﰲ ﻓﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻐﺎﺯﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﲑ« ﻻﺑﻦ ﺳﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ )ﺕ‪٧٣٤‬ﻫـ( ﻭ»ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ« ﻟﻠﺬﻫﱯ )ﺕ‪٧٤٨‬ﻫـ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪»:‬ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ« ﻻﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ )ﺕ‪٧٧٤‬ﻫـ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ‪ :‬ﻛﺘﺐ ﻓﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻗﺪﻡ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺐ ﰲ ﻓﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﻫﻮ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺻﺒﻬﺎﱐ )ﺕ‪٤٣٠‬ﻫـ( ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ »ﺍﳍﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻱ«‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻐﻔﺮﻱ )ﺕ‪٤٣٢‬ﻫـ( ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫»ﺍﳍﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻱ«)‪ ،(١‬ﻭ»ﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩ ﰲ ﻫﺪﻱ ﺧﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩ« ﻻﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﳉﻮﺯﻳﺔ )ﺕ‪٧٥١‬ﻫـ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﻫﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻟﻴﻒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﲨﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻫﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﰲ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﻣﺜﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫»ﺗﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺟﻬﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ« ﳊﻤـﺎﺩ ﺑـﻦ ﺇﺳـﺤﺎﻕ ﺑـﻦ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴـﻞ‬ ‫)ﺕ‪٢٦٧‬ﻫـ(‪ ،‬ﺑﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﺃﻛﺮﻡ ﺿﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ )ﻋـﺎﻡ‪١٤٠٤‬ﻫــ(‪ ،‬ﻭ»ﺍﳌﺼـﺒﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻀﻲﺀ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺍﻷﻣﻲ ﻭﺭﺳﻠﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺮﰊ ﻭﻋﺠﻤﻲ« ﶈﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑـﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ )ﺕ‪٧٨٣‬ﻫـ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ )ﻋﺎﻡ‪١٣٩٦‬ﻫـ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺏ »ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺮ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺍﱄ ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﺴﺐ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺫﻛﺮﳘﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺨﺎﻭﻱ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺑﻴﺦ )ﺹ‪.(٥٢٧:‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺪﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﱄ« ﶈﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺨﺎﻭﻱ )ﺕ‪٩٠٢‬ﻫـ( ﺑﺘﺤﻘﻴـﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﺣﺴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ )ﻋﺎﻡ‪١٤٠٧‬ﻫـ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺳﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻗﺪﻡ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﻫﻮ »ﺳﺒﻞ ﺍﳍﺪﻯ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺷﺎﺩ ﰲ ﺳﲑﺓ ﺧﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩ« ﶈﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺸـﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻲ )ﺕ‪٩٤٢‬ﻫـ( ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺒﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ‪ ٣٠٠‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮﺓ‪ :‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ »ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ« ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻒ ﲰﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﲨﻌﺖ ﺍﳌﺆﻟﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺟﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺟﻌﻠﺖ ﳍﺎ ﻣﻨﻬﺠﺎﹰ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﲣـﺮﻳﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺎﺕ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﲡﺪ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﳊﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﻭﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﲣﺮﳚﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻈﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺑﻨﻈﻢ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﻭﻭﻗﺎﺋﻌﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺴﻬﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺣﻔﻈﻬﺎ ﻭﳑﻦ ﺍﻋـﺘﲎ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻲ )ﺕ‪٨٠٦‬ﻫـ( ﻭﻗﺪ ﻃﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﻊ ﺷﺮﺣﻪ »ﺍﻟﻌﺠﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ« ﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻭﻑ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻭﻱ )ﺕ‪١٠٣١‬ﻫـ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻇﻢ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﺣﺘﻮﺕ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻌﺘﱪﺍﹰ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻛـﺎﻥ ﻏـﲑ ﻣﻌﺘـﱪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﺟﺮﻯ ﰲ ﻧﻈﻤﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺘﻬﻢ ﰲ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﺎﺩ؛ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺇﻥ ﻭﺭﺩﺕ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻧﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﻭﻭﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﻤﺔ ﺃﻡ ﻣﻌﺒﺪ ﺷﺮﻉ ﰲ ﺫﻛﺮ ﴰﺎﺋﻠﻪ ﻭﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼﻪ ﰒ ﺭﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻣﻐﺎﺯﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺘﻤﻬﺎ ﺑﺬﻛﺮ ﺃﻗﺎﺭﺑﻪ ﻭﺃﺯﻭﺍﺟـﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻮﺍﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﺣﺮﺍﺳﻪ ﻭﺧﺪﻣﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪ ﰲ ﺃﻟﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﲤﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﻭﺿﻮﺣﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺷﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﲨﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺗﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻌـﺾ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎﹰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻤﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﺘﺄﰐ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻷﳘﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﻫﻲ ﳏﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﳍﺬﺍ ﲡﺪ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﺣﺪﺍﺛﺎﹰ ﰲ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﻮﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﲞﺎﺻـﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘـﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺟﻢ‪ :‬ﻭﲞﺎﺻﺔ ﺗﺮﺍﺟﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ ﻻﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﱪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺳﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺛﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻏﻨﻴﺔ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺑﺮﻭﺍﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﻭﺃﺣﺪﺍﺛﻬﺎ ﻭﺫﻛـﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻐﺎﺯﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﺍﻳﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻌﻮﺙ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﳌﺎ ﲢﺘﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺻﻒ ﻟﻠﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪١٣‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ ﰲ ﻭﺻﻔﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺪﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﻭﺫﻛﺮﻫﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﺸﲑ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧـﺎﹰ ﺇﱃ ﻣـﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺙ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﺙ‪...‬ﺍﱁ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳔﻠﺺ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻟﻴﻒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﴰﻞ ﺍﻷﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﳌﻐﺎﺯﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٣‬ﺍﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺠﺰﺍﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٤‬ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﺋﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٥‬ﺍﳋﺼﺎﺋﺺ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٦‬ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٧‬ﺍﳌﻮﺳﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٨‬ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٨‬ﻓﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٩‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮﺍﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -١٠‬ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫‪١٤‬‬ ‫ﶈﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﺬﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻﻗﺎﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﳒﺎﺣﻪ ﻭﻗﺪﺭﺗﻪ ﰲ ﺇﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻈﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻴـﻒ ﻭﺟـﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺑﺪﻻﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺍﳊﻨﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﺣﺎﺟـﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺸـﺮﻳﺔ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻓﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨـﻊ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﺑﺎﺣـﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﺝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻻ ﺑﺪ ﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻠﻢ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﳑﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﺇﺑﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﺜﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ ﻭﻣﺘﺸﻌﺐ ﻭﻟﻪ ﻛﺘﺒﻪ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻔﻆ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻗﺮﺍﺑﺔ ﲬﺴﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻣﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻧﺬﻛﺮ ﶈﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﱂ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴـﺎﺓ ﺗﻠـﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻭﺗﺎﺭﳜﻬﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﻬﻞ‪ :‬ﻧﻘﻴﺾ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺠﻬﻠﻪ ﻋﺪﻩ ﺟﺎﻫﻼﹰ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﻒ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳉﻬـﻞ ﺍﻟﺴـﻔﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻀـﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨـﺰﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻣﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻠﺜﻮﻡ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺠﻬﻞ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺟﻬﻞ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ ﻻ ﳚﻬﻠﻦ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ ﻳﺘﺴﺎﻓﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻄﻴﺶ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻈﻠﻢ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﲰﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻝ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻛﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻷﰊ‬ ‫ﺫﺭ‪» :‬ﺇﻧﻚ ﺍﻣﺮﺅ ﻓﻴﻚ ﺟﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪» :‬ﺇﱐ ﻧﺬﺭﺕ ﻧﺬﺭﺍﹰ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻮﻝ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪» :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ«)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﺻﻔﺔ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻏﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺣﱴ ﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﲰـﺎﹰ ﻭﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫـﺎ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ )‪ ،(١٢٩/١١‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﺍﶈﻴﻂ )ﺹ‪.(١٢٦٧:‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ‪ -‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ )ﺡ‪ ،(٣٠‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ )ﺡ‪.(١٦٦١‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻜﺎﻑ )ﺡ‪ ،(٢٠٣٣‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ )ﺡ‪.(١٦٥٦‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ )ﺡ‪.(٥٥٢١‬‬ ‫‪١٥‬‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﲎ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﲰﺎﹰ ﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ ﻓﺘﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﺟﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﺎﻋﺮ ﺟﺎﻫﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﻬﻞ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﻦ ﱂ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﳊﻖ ﺟﺎﻫﻞ ﺟﻬﻼﹰ ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺪ ﺧﻼﻓﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺟﺎﻫﻞ ﺟﻬﻼﹰ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓـﺈﻥ ﻗـﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻋﺎﳌﺎﹰ ﺑﺎﳊﻖ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﻋﺎﱂ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺟﺎﻫﻞ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪} :‬ﻭ‪‬ﺇﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﺧ‪‬ﺎﻃﹶﺒ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﳉﹶﺎﻫ‪‬ﻠﹸﻮﻥﹶ ﻗﹶﺎﻟﹸﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺳ‪‬ﻼﻣﺎﹰ{ )ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺎﻥ‪ ،(٦٣:‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﲞﻼﻑ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺟﺎﻫﻞ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳐﺎﻟﻒ ﻟﻠﺤﻖ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗـﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪} :‬ﺇﹺﻧ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﺔﹸ ﻋ‪‬ﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﷲِ ﻟ‪‬ﻠﱠﺬ‪‬ﻳﻦ‪ ‬ﻳ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻠﹸﻮﻥﹶ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻮﺀَ ﺑﹺﺠ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﺎﻟﹶﺔ‪ ‬ﺛﹸﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻮﺑ‪‬ﻮﻥﹶ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﻗﹶﺮﹺﻳﺐﹴ{ )ﺍﻟﻨﺴـﺎﺀ‪(١٧:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‪» :‬ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺳﻮﺀﺍﹰ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺟﺎﻫﻞ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳐﺎﻟﻒ ﻟﻠﺤﻖ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺳﺒﺐ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺳﺦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﳝﺘﻨﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﺪﺭ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﺎ ﳜﺎﻟﻔﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻌﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﱴ‬ ‫ﺻﺪﺭ ﺧﻼﻓﻪ ﻓﻼ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻏﻔﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺿﻌﻔﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﲟﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺎﺭﺿﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻠﻚ ﺃﺣـﻮﺍﻝ ﺗﻨـﺎﻗﺾ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻓﺘﺼﲑ ﺟﻬﻼﹰ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﺃﻥ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻣﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﺣﻘﻴﻘـﺔ ﻻ‬ ‫ﳎﺎﺯ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺗﺒﲔ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﺒﻌﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺟﺎﻫﻠﻴـﺔ ﺟﻬـﻼﹰ ﻣﻨﺴـﻮﺑﺎﹰ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻗﻮﺍﻝ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﺣﺪﺛﻪ ﳍﻢ ﺟﺎﻫﻞ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﻔﻌﻠﻪ ﺟﺎﻫﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻠﻚ ﻛﺎﻧـﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺜﺔ ﻓﻤﻄﻠﻖ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻣﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻄﻠﻘﺔ ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪» :‬ﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﺰ‪‬ﺍﻝﹸ ﻧ‪‬ﺎﺱ‪ ‬ﻣ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﺃﹸﻣ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻲ ﻇﹶﺎﻫ‪‬ﺮﹺﻳﻦ‪ ‬ﺣ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ـﻰ‬ ‫ﻳ‪‬ﺄﹾﺗ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﻢ‪ ‬ﺃﹶﻣ‪‬ﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﻢ‪ ‬ﻇﹶﺎﻫ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻭﻥﹶ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ )ﺡ‪ ،(٣٦٤٠‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ )ﺡ‪.(١٩٢٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺑﻠﻮﻍ ﺍﻷﺭﺏ )‪.(١٧ -١٥/١‬‬ ‫‪١٦‬‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺜﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺟﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﺟﻬﻼﺀ ﻭﺿﻼﻟﺔ ﻋﻤﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﻌﺮﺿﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻻﻧﺘﺤـﺎﻝ ﺍﳌـﺒﻄﻠﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﲢﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻓﺮﻳﺴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﺑﺜﲔ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻼﻋﺒﲔ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺒﺪﻟﺖ ﻋﻘﻴﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺛﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺭﻗﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﺮﺍﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺣﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﺎﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻻﻫﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺭﺗﻔﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻫـﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﺛﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﺻﻨﺎﻡ ﰲ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺍ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺣﻴﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﺎﺧﺘﻔﻰ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﻭﺳﻂ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﺎﻡ ﺍﳍﺎﺋـﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﰲ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪} :‬ﺍﺗ‪‬ﺨ‪‬ﺬﹸﻭﺍ ﺃﹶﺣ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺎﺭ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﻢ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺎﻧ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﻢ‪ ‬ﺃﹶﺭ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﻣ‪ ‬ﻦ‬ ‫ﺩ‪‬ﻭﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﷲِ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﳌﹶﺴِﻴﺢ‪ ‬ﺍﺑ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﻣ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻢ‪) {‬ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪ ،(٣١:‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﰲ ﻭﺻﻒ ﺣﻴﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺗﻌﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺮﻣـﺎﺕ ﺍﷲ‪:‬‬ ‫}ﻗﹶﺎﺗ‪‬ﻠﹸﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﱠﺬ‪‬ﻳﻦ‪ ‬ﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﺆ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻮﻥﹶ ﺑﹺﺎﷲِ ﻭ‪‬ﻻ ﺑﹺﺎﻟﻴ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻡﹺ ﺍﻵﺧ‪‬ﺮﹺ ﻭ‪‬ﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻮﻥﹶ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺣ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﷲُ ﻭ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻮﻟﹸﻪ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳﻨ‪‬ﻮﻥﹶ ﺩ‪‬ﻳﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﳊﹶـﻖ‪‬‬ ‫ﻣ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﱠﺬ‪‬ﻳﻦ‪ ‬ﺃﹸﻭﺗ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻜ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺎﺏ‪ ‬ﺣ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﻳ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻄﹸﻮﺍ ﺍﳉ‪‬ﺰ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺔﹶ ﻋ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﻳ‪‬ﺪ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﻢ‪ ‬ﺻ‪‬ﺎﻏ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻭﻥﹶ{ )ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪ ،(٢٩:‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﰲ ﺑﻴـﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﷲ ﻭ‪‬ﺃﹶﻳ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺎﻧﹺﻬﹺﻢ‪ ‬ﺛﹶﻤ‪‬ﻨﺎﹰ ﻗﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴﻼﹰ ﻓﹶﺼ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻭﺍ ﻋ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﺳ‪‬ﺒﹺﻴﻞﹺ ﺍﷲِ{‬ ‫ﲢﺮﻳﻔﻬﻢ ﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺒﺪﺍﻟﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‪} :‬ﺍﺷ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ﺑﹺﺂﻳ‪‬ﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍ ِ‬ ‫)ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪ ،(٩:‬ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﷲ ﺷﺮﻙ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﻛﻔﺮﻫﻢ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪} :‬ﻭ‪‬ﻗﹶﺎﻟﹶﺖ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻴ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﻮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋ‪‬ﺰ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﺑ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﷲِ ‪‬ﻭﻗﹶﺎﻟﹶﺖ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﺎﺭ‪‬ﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﹶﺴِﻴﺢ‪ ‬ﺍﺑ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﷲِ{ )ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪.(٣٠:‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍ‪‬ﻮﺳﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ ﺑﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺑﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﳍﺎ ﳛﺠﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﻳﻨﺬﺭﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺒﻮﺩﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺁﻣﻨﻮﺍ ﺑﺈﻻﻫﲔ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻈﻠﻤﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻞ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺫﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺸﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳍﻨﺪ ﻭﺁﺳﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱪﳘﻴﺔ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﳍﻨﺪ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﻨﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻗﺮﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺜﺔ ﺃﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻗﻴﻞ ﺇﻥ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﻌﺒﻮﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻵﳍﺔ ﻳﺼﻞ ﺇﱃ )‪ (٣٣٠‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻃﺒﻘﺖ ﻇﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺍﶈﻴﻂ ﺇﱃ ﺍﶈﻴﻂ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﹾﻤ‪‬ﻘﹾﺪ‪‬ﺍﺩ‪ ‬ﺑ‪‬ﻦﹺ ﺍﻷَﺳ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺩ‪ ‬ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ‪ ‬ﻟﹶﻘﹶﺪ‪ ‬ﺑ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺚﹶ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺒﹺﻲ‪ ‬ﺻـﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋ‪‬ﻠﹶﻰ ﺃﹶﺷ‪‬ﺪ‪ ‬ﺣ‪‬ﺎﻝﹴ ﺑ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺚﹶ ﻋ‪‬ﻠﹶﻴ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻧ‪‬ﺒﹺﻲ‪ ‬ﻣ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻷَﻧ‪‬ﺒﹺﻴ‪‬ﺎﺀِ ﻓ‪‬ﻲ ﻓﹶﺘ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺓ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﺎﻫ‪‬ﻠ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻥﹶ ﺃﹶﻥﱠ ﺩ‪‬ﻳﻨﹰﺎ ﺃﹶﻓﹾﻀ‪‬ـﻞﹸ ﻣ‪‬ـﻦ‪‬‬ ‫ﻋ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺎﺩ‪‬ﺓ‪ ‬ﺍﻷَﻭ‪‬ﺛﹶﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﹶﺠ‪‬ﺎﺀَ ﺑﹺﻔﹸﺮ‪‬ﻗﹶﺎﻥ‪ ‬ﻓﹶﺮ‪‬ﻕ‪ ‬ﺑﹺﻪ‪ ‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﹾﺤ‪‬ﻖ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﹾﺒ‪‬ﺎﻃ‪‬ﻞﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻓﹶﺮ‪‬ﻕ‪ ‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﹾﻮ‪‬ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺪ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟﹶﺪ‪‬ﻩ‪.(١)«‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺴﻨﺪ )ﺡ‪.(٢٣٢٩٨‬‬ ‫‪١٧‬‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻌﺎﹰ ﻟﻼﳓﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪﻱ ﻭﲢﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻷﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﺿﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺣﻴﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﻈﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺴﺎﺩ ﺑـﲔ‬ ‫ﲨﻴﻊ ﻃﺒﻘﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺣﻀﺎﺭﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺃﺩﻳﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺑﻠﺪﺍ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺄﺫﻛﺮ ﳕﺎﺫﺝ ﻭﻣﻘﺘﻄﻔﺎﺕ ﺗﺼﻒ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻻﳓﺮﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺴﺎﺩ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻻﹰ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﺍﺯﺩﺍﺩﺕ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺗﺎﻭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺮﺍﺋﺐ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺛﻘﻠﺖ ﻛﻮﺍﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﻌﻴﺶ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻤﺔ ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺎﺑﻌﻬﺎ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﺋﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻀﻴﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺮﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻮ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻌـﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﺸﻐﻠﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻟﻌﺎﺏ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﱀ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺘﺤﻮﺍ ﻣﻴـﺎﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿـﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻴﻔـﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺼﺎﺭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻉ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻭﻻﻳﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺷﻌﻮﺏ ﻛﺎﺩﺣﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﺴـﺘﻌﻤﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺎ‪‬ـﺎ ﻋﺮﺿـﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺿﻄﻬﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺆﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻘﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺗﺴﻠﺐ ﺧﲑﺍ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺗﺴﺎﺀ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺘﻬﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎﹰ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﳌﺎ ﻇﻬﺮ ﻣﺰﺩﻙ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ﺩﻋﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﺑﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺷـﺮﻛﺎﺀ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﺎﺩ ﻭﻫﺘﻜﺖ ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﺽ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﺸﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻄﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﻭﺍﳌﻤﺘﻠﻜﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺸـﺄ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻞ ﻻ ﺧﻼﻕ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻣﺮﻭﺀﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﲣﺬ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﻮ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﳉﻠﺐ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻮﻟﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻣﻼﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺣﱴ ﺃﻗﻔﺮﺕ ﺍﳌﺰﺍﺭﻉ ﻭﺧﺮﺑﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﻭﺗﺸﺘﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﻙ ﻳﻌﺘﱪﻭﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺴﻞ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻣﻐﺎﻳﺮ ﻟﺒﲏ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻴﻬﻢ ﳚﺮﻱ ﺩﻡ ﺍﻵﳍﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜـﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﳜـﺎﻃﺒﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻮ ﻭﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﺁﳍﺔ ﳍﻢ ﻳﺘﺼﺮﻓﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺷﺎﺅﻭﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻠﻜﺎﹰ ﻟﻸﻛﺎﺳﺮﺓ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺩ ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﺴﺮﻯ ﻟﻠﺸﻌﺐ ﺗﻔﻀﻼﹰ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﻛﺮﻣﺎﹰ ﻭﺇﻧﻌﺎﻣﺎﹰ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻔﻨﻨﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻛﺘﻨﺎﺯ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻒ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﲎ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻈﻤﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺪ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻳﻌﻴﺸﻮﻥ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺆﺱ ﻭﺍﳉﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻮﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺪﺡ ﻟﻶﳍـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻌﺒـﻮﻥ ﰲ‬ ‫ﲢﺼﻴﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺪ ﺭﻣﻘﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺮ ﻋﻮﺭﺍ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﲨﻴﻊ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺟﻬﻢ ﺗﻘﻀﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺍﺋﺐ ﻭﺍﻹﺗﺎﻭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻮﺩ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺣﺮﺏ ﳘﺠﻴﺔ ﻃﺎﺣﻨﺔ ﻳﺜﲑﻫﺎ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫‪١٨‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎﹰ‪ :‬ﺍﳍﻨﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ ﺃﺗﻌﺲ ﺑﻠﺪ ﻳﻌﻴﺶ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺗﺎﹰ ﻓﺎﺣﺸﺎﹰ ﺑﲔ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﻣﺪﻋﻤﺎﹰ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺳـﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﻨﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﻨﺔ ﻭﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﻫﻢ )ﺍﻟﱪﺍﳘﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﻭﺍﳉﻨﺪﻳﺔ ﻭﻫﻢ )ﺷﺘﺮﻱ(‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٣‬ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ )ﻭﻳﺶ(‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٤‬ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﻭﻫﻢ )ﺷﻮﺩﺭ( ﻭﻫﻢ ﺃﺣﻂ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﳍﻢ ﺇﻻ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟـﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﳍﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﺧﺮﻭﺍ ﻣﺎﻻﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﳚﺎﻟﺴﻮﺍ ﺑﺮﳘﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﳝﺴﻮﻩ ﺑﺄﻳﺪﻳﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺿﻔﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺍﺳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻐﻔﻮﺭ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﺑﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳍﻨﺪ ﳑﺰﻗﺔ ﲢﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﺪ ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺴﻴﻄﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺿﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺃﺭﻛﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺎﹰ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﺭﺑﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻏﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺮﺏ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻌﻴﺶ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﳍﻤﺠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺮﺯﺡ ﲢﺖ ﻇﻼﻡ ﺍﳉﻬﻞ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﺮﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳊﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺄ‪‬ﻢ ﻳﻌﻴﺸﻮﻥ ﰲ ﻛﻮﻛﺐ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻻ ﺷـﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﳍﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺎﱂ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻫﺪﻭﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺸﻌﺶ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﻡ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺭﺅﻭﺳﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺃﺟﺴﺎﻣﻬﻢ ﻗﺬﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻳﻐـﺎﱄ ﺭﻫﺒـﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﺗﻌـﺬﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﺴﺎﻣﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﳛﺘﻘﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻭﻳﺒﺤﺜﻮﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺻﻠﻬﺎ ﻫﻞ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺃﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻤﻮﻡ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺏ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻟﻔﺖ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﻨﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺎﺩﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳎـﺎﺭﺍﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﺿـﺎﻉ ﻭﻣﺴـﺎﻳﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﻬﻴﺠﻬﻢ ﻇﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺤﻮﺫ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﻭﺩﻋﻮﺓ ﻳﺴﺘﺮﺧﺼﻮﻥ ‪‬ﺎ ﺣﻴﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﳚﺎﺯﻓﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺳـﺒﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ﺃﻟﻔﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺠﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺪﺟﲔ ﻭﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﻭﺍﳊﺮﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺼﻠﺢ ﳍﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻮﺍ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻷ‪‬ﻢ ﻟﻴﺴـﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺣﻜﺎﻣﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻓﻀﻼﹰ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺑﺪﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻡ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﺍﳌﻴﻼﺩﻱ ﰲ ﺃﺣﻂ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻗﺒﺢ ﻓﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﺎﺭﳜﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﲢﻄﻤﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻣﻘﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﲢﺘﻀﺮ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻳﺲ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﺤﻮﻥ ﻭﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻠﺘـﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﺪﺭ‪‬ﻢ ﻗﺪ ﻫﺮﺑﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺎﰲ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻔﺎﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﺭﺍﹰ ﻭﻳﺄﺳﺎﹰ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﺼﺔ ﺳﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﺿـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﱂ ﺇﱃ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻛﻞ ﻋﺎﱂ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺣﺘﻀﺮ ﺃﻭﺻﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﰲ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﺎﺭ ﺣﱴ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﺧﲑ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺃﻋﺮﻑ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺇﻻﹼ ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫‪١٩‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻥ ﻣﺒﻌﺚ ﻧﱯ ﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﰲ ﻛﺬﺍ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻓﻮﺻﻒ ﻟﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻧﻄﻠﻖ ﺳﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﻣﺒﻌﺚ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻗﻔﺮﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﱂ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺼﻠﺢ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎﹰ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﻮﺍ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻬﻢ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﺑﺘﻌﺪﻭﺍ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﻨﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻬﻢ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﺘﺸﺮﺕ ﺑﻴﻨـﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﺻﻨﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺛﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﻠﻮﺍ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺪ ﻳﺜﲑ ﺍﻟﺴﺨﺮﻳﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺳﻔﺮﻩ ﳚﻤﻊ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺠﺎﺭ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻟﻘﺪﺭﻩ ﻭﻭﺍﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﻳﻌﺒﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﳚﺪ ﺣﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮﺍﺏ ﰒ ﻋﺒﺪﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺭ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﺎﺀٍ ﺍﻟﹾﻌ‪‬ﻄﹶﺎﺭﹺﺩ‪‬ﻱ‪ ‬ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﻛﹸﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﻧ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺪ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﹾﺤ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﹶﺈﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﻭ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﺣ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ـﺮﺍﹰ‬ ‫ﻫ‪‬ﻮ‪ ‬ﺃﹶﺧ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺮ‪ ‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻪ‪ ‬ﺃﹶﻟﹾﻘﹶﻴ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺎﻩ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﺃﹶﺧ‪‬ﺬﹾﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻵﺧ‪‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﹶﺈﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﻟﹶﻢ‪ ‬ﻧ‪‬ﺠﹺﺪ‪ ‬ﺣ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﺮﺍﹰ ﺟ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﺟ‪‬ﺜﹾﻮ‪‬ﺓﹰ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﺗ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺍﺏﹴ ﺛﹸﻢ‪ ‬ﺟﹺﺌﹾﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﹺﺎﻟﺸ‪‬ﺎﺓ‪ ‬ﻓﹶﺤ‪‬ﻠﹶﺒ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ـﺎ ‪‬ﻩ‬ ‫ﻋ‪‬ﻠﹶﻴ‪‬ﻪ‪ ‬ﺛﹸﻢ‪ ‬ﻃﹸﻔﹾﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﹺﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﹶﺈﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﺩ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﻞﹶ ﺷ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﺮ‪ ‬ﺭ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﺐﹴ ﻗﹸﻠﹾﻨ‪‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﻞﹸ ﺍﻷَﺳ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺔ‪ ‬ﻓﹶﻼ ﻧ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻉ‪ ‬ﺭ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺤﺎﹰ ﻓ‪‬ﻴﻪ‪ ‬ﺣ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳﺪ‪‬ﺓﹲ ﻭ‪‬ﻻ ﺳ‪‬ـﻬ‪‬ﻤﺎﹰ ﻓ‪‬ﻴـﻪ‪‬‬ ‫ﺣ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳﺪ‪‬ﹲﺓ ﺇﹺﻻﱠ ﻧ‪‬ﺰ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺎﻩ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﺃﹶﻟﹾﻘﹶﻴ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺎﻩ‪ ‬ﺷ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﺮ‪ ‬ﺭ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﺐﹴ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺖ‪ ‬ﺃﹶﺑ‪‬ﺎ ﺭ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﺎﺀٍ ﻳ‪‬ﻘﹸﻮﻝﹸ‪ :‬ﻛﹸﻨ‪‬ﺖ‪ ‬ﻳ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻡ‪ ‬ﺑ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺚﹶ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺒﹺﻲ‪ ‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻏﹸﻼﻣﺎﹰ ﺃﹶﺭ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻰ ﺍﻹِﺑﹺﻞﹶ ﻋ‪‬ﻠﹶﻰ ﺃﹶﻫ‪‬ﻠ‪‬ﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﹶﻠﹶﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﺳ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﹺﺨ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻭﺟﹺﻪ‪ ‬ﻓﹶﺮ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎﺭﹺ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻰ ﻣ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻠ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺔﹶ ﺍﻟﹾﻜﹶﺬﱠﺍﺏﹺ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﳊﻲ ﺍﳋﺰﺍﻋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺳ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻴﺪ‪ ‬ﺑ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﹾﻤ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺐﹺ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ‪» :‬ﺍﻟﹾﺒ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﲑ‪‬ﺓﹸ ﺍﻟﱠﺘ‪‬ﻲ ﻳ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻊ‪ ‬ﺩ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﺎ ﻟ‪‬ﻠﻄﱠﻮ‪‬ﺍﻏ‪‬ﻴـﺖ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﻠﹸﺒ‪?

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