MARC 21 Formats Update No. 9 (October 2008) PDF

Update No. 9 (October 2008) - MARC 21 Formats This document includes Update No. 9 (October 2008) for the following MARC 21 formats: MARC 21 Format for Authority Data MARC 21 Format for Bibliographic Data MARC 21 Format for Classification Data MARC 21 Format for Community Information MARC 21 Format for Holdings Data [blank page] Update No. 9 (October 2008) - MARC 21 Format for Authority Data The following page(s) is/ are included in Update No. 9 (October 2008) of the MARC 21 Format for Authority Data. [blank page] MARC 21 Format for Authority Data Update No. 9 October 2008 FILING INSTRUCTIONS This update contains loose-leaf pages to be interfiled in the text of the 1999 edition of the MARC 21 Format for Authority Data. Some pages are new, representing newly-defined data elements in the format. However, most pages replace existing pages in the base text. A listing of the substantive changes covered by this update is contained in Appendix F. Changes in the text are marked by a line (|) in the left margin. This m ark is used to indicate places where deletions have occurred as well as additions and mo difications to the text. This update title page should be filed behind the title page for the base text. Appen dix F ma y be filed in any appropriate place of the text. Prepared by Network Development and MARC Standards Office Library of Congress In cooperation with Standards, Library and Archives Canada Bibliographic Development, British Library LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING DISTRIBUTION SERVICE / WASHINGTON ))))) LIBRARY AND ARCHIVES CANADA OTTAWA Available in the U.S.A. and other countries from: Cataloging Distribution Service, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20541-4912 U.S.A. Available in Canada from : Canadian Government Publishing, Public Works and Government Services Canada Ottawa, ON K1A 0S9 Canada Copyright (c)2008 by the Library of Congress except within the USA. Copyright (c) Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada (2008) as represented by Library and Archives Canada. This publication may be reproduced without permission provided the source is fully acknowledged. Update No. 9 (October 2008) is interfiled with the base text of October 1999 as modified by Update No. 8 (October 2007) Update No. 7 (October 2006) Update No. 6 (October 2005) Update No. 5 (October 2004) Update No. 4 (October 2003) Update No. 3 (October 2002) Update No. 2 (October 2001) Update No. 1 (O ctober 200 0). 083 083 Dewey Decimal Classification Number (R) First Indicator Second Indicator Type of edition Source of classification number 0 Full 0 Assigned by LC 1 Abridged 4 Assigned by agency other than LC Subfield Codes ‡a Classification number element-single number ‡z Table identification-table number (NR) or beginning number of span (NR) ‡2 Edition number (NR) ‡b Classification number element-ending number ‡5 Institution to which field applies (R) of span (NR) ‡6 Linkage (NR) ‡c Explanatory term (NR) ‡8 Field link and sequence number (R) ‡y Table sequence number for internal subarrangement or add table (R) FIELD DEFINITION AND SCOPE Single Dewey classification number or a a number span associated with a 1XX heading in an established heading record or a subdivision record. Source of the classification number is the Dewey Decimal Classification and Relative Index; the Abridged Dewey Decimal Classification and Relative Index; and electronic updates to either edition. Through 1997, updates were issued in the DC& Dewey Decimal Classification Additions, Notes and Decisions. Classification number(s) may be qualified by a descriptive term when the heading is represented in more than one place in the Dewey classification schedules. In a subdivision record, the field also contains the number of the table from which the classification number is taken. Each classification number or number span associated with a heading is contained in a separate 083 field. The second indicator values distinguish between content actually assigned by the Library of Congress and content assigned by an organization other than LC. The organization is identified in subfield ‡5. GUIDELINES FOR APPLYING CONTENT DESIGNATORS INDICATORS First Indicator - Type of edition Whether the class number is from the full or the abridged edition of the classification schedules. The actual edition number is contained in subfield ‡2. 0 - Full Class number is from the full edition. 150 ##‡aAviation medicine 083 00‡a616.980213‡222 1 - Abridged Class number is from the abridged edition. 150 ##‡aAviation medicine 083 10‡a616.9‡213 MARC 21 - Authority October 2008 083 - p.1 083 Second Indicator - Source of classification number Whether the source of the classification number is the Library of Congress or another organization. 0 - Assigned by LC 151 ##‡aChina 083 00‡a951‡222 4 - Assigned by agency other than LC MARC code for the organization is contained in subfield ‡5. 150 ##‡aTransliteration 083 04‡a411‡222‡5[organization code] SUBFIELD CODES ‡a - Classification number element-single number or beginning number of span Single class number or the first number in a number span. 130 #0‡aBible.‡lEnglish.‡sAuthorized 083 00‡a220.5203‡222 151 ##‡aChina 083 10‡a951‡213 181 ##‡zChina 083 00‡z2‡a51‡222 ‡b - Classification number element-ending number of span Ending number of a number span when the beginning number of the span is contained in subfield ‡a. 150 ##‡aWorld War, 1939-1945‡vPersonal narratives 083 00‡a940.5481‡b940.5482‡220 ‡c - Explanatory term Descriptive term or phrase that specifies the topic of the class number. Normally used to differentiate between two or more class numbers associated with the heading. Parentheses that enclose the phrase or term may be generated for display. 150 ##‡aGold 083 00‡a669.22‡cInterdisciplinary‡222 083 00‡a549.23‡cMineralogy‡222 083 00‡a553.41‡cEconomic geology‡222 ‡y - Table sequence number for internal subarrangement or add table Sequence number or other identifier for an internal classification subarrangement or add table. If the first or only add table found at a classification number is the number 1, succeeding integers are used for any following add tables found at that number. ‡z - Table identification-table number Number of the table from which the classification number in a subdivision record is taken. Subfield ‡z always precedes the associated subfield ‡a in the field. 180 ##‡xData processing 083 00‡z1‡a0285‡222 083 - p.2 October 2008 MARC 21 - Authority 083 185 ##‡vDictionaries 083 00‡z1‡a03‡cSubject dictionaries‡222 083 00‡z4‡a3‡cLanguage dictionaries‡222 ‡2 - Edition number If numbers are assigned from more than one edition, each number or number span is contained in a separate 083 field. 100 1#‡aSartre, Jean Paul,‡d1905- 083 00‡a194‡cInterdisciplinary‡222 083 00‡a848.91409‡222 ‡5 - Institution to which field applies See description of this subfield in Appendix A: Control Subfields. ‡6 - Linkage See description of this subfield in Appendix A: Control Subfields. ‡8 - Field link and sequence number See description of this subfield in Appendix A: Control Subfields. INPUT CONVENTIONS Display Constants - - [hyphen associated with the content of subfields ‡a and ‡b] (... ) [parentheses associated with the content of subfield ‡c] T [abbreviation associated with the content of subfield ‡z] - [dash associated with the content of subfields ‡z and ‡a] dc [abbreviation associated with the content of subfield ‡2] Hyphen between the two class numbers in a number span in subfields ‡a and ‡b; the parentheses that may enclose an explanatory term in subfield ‡c in an established heading record; the abbreviation T before the table number in subfield ‡z; the dash between the table number and the class number in subfields ‡z and ‡a; and the abbreviation dc before the edition number in subfield ‡2 are not carried in the MARC record. They may be system generated as display constants associated with the content of subfields ‡a, ‡b, ‡c, ‡z, and ‡2, respectively. 083 00‡a346.3‡b346.9‡cSpecific jurisdictions and areas‡222 083 00‡z4‡a5‡222 CONTENT DESIGNATOR HISTORY Indicator 1 - Type of edition (CANMARC) # - No edition information recorded [OBSOLETE, 1997] 2 - Abridged NST version [OBSOLETE, 1997] Indicator 2 - Source of Classification Number [NEW, 1995] Prior to 1995, field 083 was an agency-assigned field and contained only classifications numbers assigned by the Library of Congress. ‡y - Table sequence number for internal subarrangement or add table [NEW, 2008] MARC 21 - Authority October 2008 083 - p.3 083 [blank page] 083 - p.4 October 2008 MARC 21 - Authority Appendix F Format Changes This section is provided for the lists of format changes that accompany each update to the MARC 21 Format for Authority Data. MARC 21 FORMAT FOR AUTHORITY DATA FORMAT CHANGE LIST Update No. 9, October 2008 This page documents the changes contained in the ninth update to the 1999 edition of the MARC 21 Format for Authority Data. Update No. 9 (October 2008) includes changes resulting from proposals that were considered by the MARC 21 community during 2008. New content designator: Subfield code ‡y Table sequence number for internal subarrangement or add table in 083 (Dewey Decimal Classification Number) MARC 21 - Authority October 2008 Appendix F - p.1 Appendix F [blank page] Appendix F - p.2 October 2008 MARC 21 - Authority Appendix G Organization Code Sources Bibliographic citations of sources for organization codes used throughout the MARC 21 formats. MARC Code List for Organizations. Washington, D.C.: Network Development and MARC Standards Office, Library of Congress. www.loc.gov/marc/organizations/ ISIL- und Sigelverzeichnis Online. Berlin: Deutsche ISIL-Agentur und Sigelstelle, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin. http://dispatch.opac.d-nb.de/DB=1.2/LNG=EN/ Symbols and Interlibrary Loan Policies in Canada. Ottawa, ON: Interlibrary Loan Division, Library and Archives Canada. www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/ill/index-e.html UK National Agency for MARC Organisation Codes. Boston Spa, Wetherby: Bibliographic Standards, The British Library. www.bl.uk/bibliographic/marcagency.html MARC 21 - Authority October 2008 Appendix G - p.1 Appendix G [blank page] Appendix G - p.2 October 2008 MARC 21 - Authority Update No. 9 (October 2008) - MARC 21 Format for Bibliographic Data The following pages are included in Update No. 9 (October 2008) of the MARC 21 Format for Bibliographic Data. [blank page] MARC 21 Format for Bibliographic Data Update No. 9 October 2008 FILING INSTRUCTIONS This update contains loose-leaf pages to be interfiled into the text of the 1999 edition of the MAR C 2 1 Form at fo r Bibliographic Data. Some pages are new, representing newly- defined data elements in the format. However, most pages replace existing pag es in the base text. A listing of the substantive changes covered by this update is contained in Appendix G. Changes in the text are m arked by a line (|) in the left m argin. This mark is used to indicate plac es w here deletions have occurred as well as additions and m odifications to the text. This update title page should be filed behind the title page for the base text. Appen dix G m ay be filed in any appropriate place of the text. Prepared by Network Development and MARC Standards Office Library of Congress In cooperation with Standards, Library and Archives Canada Bibliographic Development, British Library LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING DISTRIBUTION SERVICE / WASHINGTON ))))) LIBRARY AND ARCHIVES CANADA OTTAWA Available in the U.S.A. and other countries from: Cataloging Distribution Service, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20541-4912 U.S.A. Available in Canada from : Canadian Government Publishing, Public Works and Government Services Canada Ottawa, ON K1A 0S9 Canada Copyright (c) 2008 by the Library of Congress except within the USA. Copyright (c) Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada (2008) as represented by Library and Archives Canada. This publication may be reproduced without permission provided the source is fully acknowledged. Update No. 9 (October 2008) is interfiled with the base text of February 1999 as modified by Update No. 8 (October 2007) Update No. 7 (October 2006) Update No. 6 (October 2005) Update No. 5 (October 2004) Update No. 4 (October 2003) Update No. 3 (October 2002) Update No. 2 (October 2001) Update No. 1 (O ctober 200 0). Summary MARC 21 Format for Bibliographic Data SUMMARY STATEMENT OF CONTENT DESIGNATORS LEADER DIRECTORY VARIABLE CONTROL FIELDS 00X Control Fields−General Information 001 Control Number 003 Control Number Identifier 005 Date and Time of Latest Transaction 006 Fixed-Length Data Elements -- Additional Material Characteristics 007 Physical Description Fixed Field 008 Fixed Length Data Elements VARIABLE DATA FIELDS 01X-09X Control Information, Number and Codes-General Information 010 Library of Congress Control Number 013 Patent Control Information 015 National Bibliography Number 016 National Bibliographic Agency Control Number 017 Copyright or Legal Deposit Number 018 Copyright Article-Fee Code 020 International Standard Book Number 022 International Standard Serial Number 024 Other Standard Identifier 025 Overseas Acquisition Number 027 Standard Technical Report Number 028 Publisher Number 030 CODEN Designation 031 Musical Incipits Information 032 Postal Registration Number 033 Date/Time and Place of an Event 034 Coded Cartographic Mathematical Data 035 System Control Number 036 Original Study Number for Computer Data files 037 Source of Acquisition 038 Record Content Licensor 040 Cataloging Source 041 Language Code 042 Authentication Code 043 Geographic Area Code 044 Country of Publishing/Producing Entity Code 045 Time Period of Content 046 Special Coded Dates 047 Form of Musical Composition Code 048 Number of Musical Instruments or Voices Code 050 Library of Congress Call Number 051 Library of Congress Copy, Issue, Offprint Statement 052 Geographic Classification 055 Classification Numbers Assigned in Canada 060 National Library of Medicine Call Number 061 National Library of Medicine Copy Statement 066 Character Sets Present 070 National Agricultural Library Call Number MARC 21 - Bibliographic October 2008 Summary - p.1 Summary 071 National Agricultural Library Copy Statement 072 Subject Category Code 074 GPO Item Number 080 Universal Decimal Classification Number 082 Dewey Decimal Classification Number 083 Additional Dewey Decimal Classification Number 084 Other Classification Number 085 Synthesized Classification Number Components 086 Government Document Classification Number 088 Report Number 09X Local Call Numbers Heading Fields − General Information Sections X00 Personal Names−General Information X10 Corporate Names−General Information X11 Meeting Names−General Information X30 Uniform Titles−General Information 1XX Main Entries−General Information 100 Main Entry−Personal Name 110 Main Entry−Corporate Name 111 Main Entry−Meeting Name 130 Main Entry−Uniform Title 20X-24X Title and Title-Related Fields -- General Information 210 Abbreviated Title 222 Key Title 240 Uniform Title 242 Translation of Title by Cataloging Agency 243 Collective Uniform Title 245 Title Statement 246 Varying Form of Title 247 Former Title 25X-28X Edition, Imprint, Etc. Fields − General Information 250 Edition Statement 254 Musical Presentation Statement 255 Cartographic Mathematical Data 256 Computer File Characteristics 257 Country of Producing Entity for Archival Films 258 Philatelic Issue Data 260 Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint) 263 Projected Publication Date 270 Address 3XX Physical Description, Etc. Fields − General Information 300 Physical Description 306 Playing Time 307 Hours, Etc. 310 Current Publication Frequency 321 Former Publication Frequency 340 Physical Medium 342 Geospatial Reference Data 343 Planar Coordinate Data 351 Organization and Arrangement of Materials 352 Digital Graphic Representation Summary - p.2 October 2008 MARC 21 - Bibliographic Summary 355 Security Classification Control 357 Originator Dissemination Control 362 Dates of Publication and/or Sequential Designation 363 Normalized Date and Sequential Designation 365 Trade Price 366 Trade Availability Information 4XX Series Statements − General Information 490 Series Statement 5XX Notes-General Information 500 General Note 501 With Note 502 Dissertation Note 504 Bibliography, Etc. Note 505 Formatted Contents Note 506 Restrictions on Access Note 507 Scale Note for Graphic Material 508 Creation/Production Credits Note 510 Citation/References Note 511 Participant or Performer Note 513 Type of Report and Period Covered Note 514 Data Quality Note 515 Numbering Peculiarities Note 516 Type of Computer File or Data Note 518 Date/Time and Place of an Event Note 520 Summary, Etc. 521 Target Audience Note 522 Geographic Coverage Note 524 Preferred Citation of Described Materials Note 525 Supplement Note 526 Study Program Information Note 530 Additional Physical Form Available Note 533 Reproduction Note 534 Original Version Note 535 Location of Originals/Duplicates Note 536 Funding Information Note 538 System Details Note 540 Terms Governing Use and Reproduction Note 541 Immediate Source of Acquisition Note 542 Information Relating to Copyright Status 544 Location of Other Archival Materials Note 545 Biographical or Historical Data 546 Language Note 547 Former Title Complexity Note 550 Issuing Body Note 552 Entity and Attribute Information Note 555 Cumulative Index/Finding Aids Note 556 Information about Documentation Note 561 Ownership and Custodial History 562 Copy and Version Identification Note 563 Binding Information 565 Case File Characteristics Note 567 Methodology Note 580 Linking Entry Complexity Note 581 Publications About Described Materials Note MARC 21 - Bibliographic October 2008 Summary - p.3 Summary 583 Action Note 584 Accumulation and Frequency of Use Note 585 Exhibitions Note 586 Awards Note 59X Local Notes 6XX Subject Access Fields − General Information 600 Subject Added Entry−Personal Name 610 Subject Added Entry−Corporate Name 611 Subject Added Entry−Meeting Name 630 Subject Added Entry−Uniform Title 648 Subject Added Entry–Chronological Term 650 Subject Added Entry−Topical Term 651 Subject Added Entry−Geographic Name 653 Index Term−Uncontrolled 654 Subject Added Entry−Faceted Topical Terms 655 Index Term−Genre/Form 656 Index Term−Occupation 657 Index Term−Function 658 Index Term−Curriculum Objective 662 Subject Added Entry−Hierarchical Place Name 69X Local Subject Access Fields 70X-75X Added Entries − General Information 700 Added Entry−Personal Name 710 Added Entry−Corporate Name 711 Added Entry−Meeting Name 720 Added Entry−Uncontrolled Name 730 Added Entry−Uniform Title 740 Added Entry−Uncontrolled Related/Analytical Title 751 Added Entry−Geographic Name 752 Added Entry−Hierarchical Place Name 753 System Details Access to Computer Files 754 Added Entry−Taxonomic Identification 76X-78X Linking Entries-General Information 760 Main Series Entry 762 Subseries Entry 765 Original Language Entry 767 Translation Entry 770 Supplement/Special Issue Entry 772 Supplement Parent Entry 773 Host Item Entry 774 Constituent Unit Entry 775 Other Edition Entry 776 Additional Physical Form Entry 777 Issued With Entry 780 Preceding Entry 785 Succeeding Entry 786 Data Source Entry 787 Nonspecific Relationship Entry 80X-840 Series Added Entries-General Information 800 Series Added Entry−Personal Name 810 Series Added Entry−Corporate Name 811 Series Added Entry−Meeting Name Summary - p.4 October 2008 MARC 21 - Bibliographic Summary 830 Series Added Entry−Uniform Title 841-88X Holdings, Alternate Graphics, Etc.-General Information 850 Holding Institution 852 Location 856 Electronic Location and Access 880 Alternate Graphic Representation 882 Replacement Record Information 886 Foreign MARC Information Field 887 Non-MARC Information Field MARC 21 - Bibliographic October 2008 Summary - p.5 Summary [blank page] Summary - p.6 October 2008 MARC 21 - Bibliographic 007 - Videorecording 007 Videorecording (R) Indicators and Subfield Codes Field has no indicators or subfield codes; the data elements are positionally defined. Character Positions 00 Category of material 05 Sound on medium or separate v Videorecording # No sound (Silent) a Sound on medium 01 Specific material designation b Sound separate from medium c Videocartridge u Unknown d Videodisc | No attempt to code f Videocassette r Videoreel 06 Medium for sound u Unspecified # No sound (silent) z Other a Optical sound track on motion picture film | No attempt to code b Magnetic sound track on motion picture film c Magnetic audio tape in cartridge 02 Undefined d Sound disc # Undefined e Magnetic audio tape on reel f Magnetic audio tape on cassette 03 Color g Optical/magnetic sound track a One color h Videotape b Black-and-white i Videodisc c Multicolored u Unknown m Mixed z Other n Not applicable | No attempt to code u Unknown z Other 07 Dimensions | No attempt to code a 8 mm. m 1/4 in. 04 Videorecording format o 1/2 in. a Beta (1/2 in., videocassette) p 1 in. b VHS (1/2 in., videocassette) q 2 in. c U-matic (3/4 in., videocasstte) r 3/4 in. d EIAJ (1/2 in., reel) u Unknown e Type C (1 in., reel) z Other f Quadruplex (1 in. or 2 in., reel) | No attempt to code g Laserdisc h CED (Capacitance Electronic Disc) videodisc 08 Configuration of playback channels i Betacam (1/2 in., videocassette) k Mixed j Betacam SP (1/2 in., videocassette) m Monaural k Super-VHS (1/2 in., videocassette) n Not applicable m M-II (1/2 in., videocassette) q Quadraphonic, multichannel, or surround o D-2 (3/4 in., videocassette) s Stereophonic p 8 mm. u Unknown q Hi-8 mm. z Other s Blu-ray Disc | No attempt to code u Unknown v DVD z Other | No attempt to code MARC 21 - Bibliographic October 2008 007 - Videorecording - p.1 007 - Videorecording FIELD DEFINITION AND SCOPE When field 007/00 contains code v, it contains special coded information about the physical characteristics of a videorecording. GUIDELINES FOR APPLYING CONTENT DESIGNATORS CHARACTER POSITIONS 00 - Category of material v - Videorecording One-character alphabetic code that indicates the category of material to which the item belongs is videorecording, which is defined as a recording on which visual images, usually in motion and accompanied by sound, have been registered. It is designed for playback on a television receiver, or video monitor. A fill character (|) is not allowed in this position. 01 - Specific material designation Special class of videorecording to which an item belongs. c - Videocartridge Videorecording on tape encased in a cartridge and which has the ends joined together to form a continuous loop. d - Videodisc Flat disc of plastic or other material on which video signals, with or without sound, are recorded. Various videodisc systems have been developed (e.g., laser-optical, capacitance, magnetic, etc.). f - Videocassette Videorecording on tape encased in a cassette which runs reel-to-reel. r - Videoreel Videorecording on a spool of tape mounted on a reel and designed to play from reel-to-reel across a playback pick-up device. u - Unspecified Special material designation for the videorecording is not specified. z - Other None of the other codes is appropriate. | - No attempt to code 02 - Undefined Contains blank (#) or a fill character (|). 03 - Color Color characteristics of a videorecording. 007 - Videorecording - p.2 October 2008 MARC 21 - Bibliographic 007 - Videorecording a - One color Not used with videorecordings. b - Black-and-white Videorecording is executed in black-and-white. c - Multicolored Videorecording is executed in more than one color. m - Mixed Work or collection is a combination of black-and-white, colored, and/or other images. n - Not applicable Item has no images, e.g., a videorecording with sound only. u - Unknown Color characteristics of an item are not known. z - Other None of the other codes is appropriate (e.g., videorecording is toned, stained, tinted, etc.). | - No attempt to code 04 - Videorecording format Videotape or videodisc recording format. If a bibliographic record for a videorecording describes various available formats, e.g., Beta and VHS videocassettes, then a separate 007 field is input for each. a - Beta (1/2 in., videocassette) Used for the home video system introduced in 1975 by Sony for home videorecording and playback on 1/2 inch videotape. It is distinguished by the size of the cassette, its U-load tape threading, and technical capabilities. This format is also known as Betamax. b - VHS (1/2 in., videocassette) Used for the home video system introduced in 1977 by Japan Victor Corporation (JVC) for home videorecording and playback on 1/2 inch videotape. It is distinguished by the size of the cassette, its M-load tape threading, and technical capabilities. VHS stands for "Video Home System." c - U-matic (3/4 in., videocasstte) Used for a video format using Sony's trademark name which refers to its tape threading path in a U-shape. It is the worldwide standard for 3/4 inch videotape and is used extensively in industrial and broadcast production. Like the two 1/2 in. home video formats, it uses a helical scan recording system. It is also known as U type standard. d - EIAJ (1/2 in., reel) Used for the standard 1/2 inch reel-to-reel helical scan videotape system named for the Electronics Industries Association of Japan which set the standards for 1/2 in. video tape recorders manufactured since 1969. Referred to as "the old trailblazer." e - Type C (1 in., reel) Used for the 1 inch videotape recording system utilizing one video head and tape runs at 9.61 inches per second. Type B system uses 2 heads and runs at 9.65 ips; Type A is an obsolete early system. Type B is still used in the U.S. and overseas (as of 1982), but Type C is the 1 inch format MARC 21 - Bibliographic October 2008 007 - Videorecording - p.3 007 - Videorecording most widely employed as the broadcasting standard in the U.S. and overseas. Type C equipment and technology are made by Sony, RCA, and others. f - Quadruplex (1 in. or 2 in., reel) As opposed to the helical scan system, which uses one head, the Quadruplex videorecording system uses four videorecording heads. Often referred to as Quad, it was developed by Ampex in the mid-1950's. It provided higher quality resolution and color than did helical scanning. Quadruplex was the broadcast standard until recently, when less expensive helical scan systems have begun to overtake it. When describing a 2 inch videoreel that is not Quadruplex, use the code z (Other). g - Laserdisc Laser optical (reflective) videorecording system that uses an analog technique called PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) to represent video information on a grooveless, smooth, round plastic disc. The disc is read (played back) by a weak laser beam that registers data appearing on the disc as tiny pits or depressions of varying lengths. Laserdiscs exist in three standard commercially produced sizes: 12, 8, and 4 3/4 inch. The 12 inch disc is the most common size and is typically used for movies; the disc or its packaging usually bears an LD trademark (the phrase "LASER DISC" or "Laser Vision" usually appears as the lower part of that LD trademark); alternatively, LASER VIDEODISC, DiscoVision, LaserDisc, LaserVision, or a similar phrase may appear instead of the LD trademark. The 8 and 4 3/4 inch discs are uncommon and typically used for music videos or other short video programs; the disc or its packaging usually bears one of these terms or trademarks: CDV (CD VIDEO), VSD (VIDEO SINGLE DISC), or LD (LASER DISC). This system started commercial use in 1978, but production declined rapidly after 1998 due to the success of the DVD format. h - CED (Capacitance Electronic Disc) videodisc CED videorecording system based on a plastic disc, usually 12 in. in diameter, on which visual information is recorded as deep pits in the bottom of the grooves. This visual information is read by a needle-in-the-groove type of electronic stylus that translates variance in capacitance into a video and audio signal. The CED disc is characteristically housed in a protective jacket. In 1984, the manufacturer of CED players, RCA, announced its decision to cease production of the "RCA Selectavision" players. i - Betacam (1/2 in., videocassette) Betacam videorecording format, a professional analog format using component coding recorded on 1/2 inch oxide tape, housed in a cassette. j - Betacam SP (1/2 in., videocassette) Betacam SP videorecording format, a professional analog format using component coding recorded on 1/2 inch metal tape, housed in a cassette. It is designed to yield a higher grade recording than the regular Betacam format, providing improved video quality and a better audio signal-to-noise ratio. There are two analog video tracks plus two FM (CD quality) audio tracks. k - Super-VHS (1/2 in., videocassette) Super-VHS format, which was originally designed for the consumer market to encode analog signals using a helical scan on 1/2 inch ferric-oxide tape, housed in a standard cassette. It has gained acceptance professionally in the broadcast industry and is now considered a professional format. Super-VHS format machines encode 400 lines of horizontal resolution and can play back videotapes recorded on regular VHS machines. Super-VHS requires high-grade tape and a high-resolution monitor equipped with separate Y/C (Luminance/Chrominance) video inputs. Super-VHS-C is the same video format but uses a special compact mini-cassette (often used with hand-held video cameras). These mini-cassettes can be used with standard VHS recorders by means of a special adapter cassette into which the mini-cassette is inserted. 007 - Videorecording - p.4 October 2008 MARC 21 - Bibliographic 007 - Videorecording m - M-II (1/2 in., videocassette) M-II videorecording format, a professional analog format using 1/2 inch metallic tape, housed in a cassette. It was developed by Panasonic as an alternative to the Betacam format developed by Sony. o - D-2 (3/4 in., videocassette) D-2 videorecording format, a professional digital videorecording format using composite coding on 3/4 inch metal particle tape, housed in a cassette. The digital encoding allows for multi-generation signal transfer (copying or dubbing) without signal degradation. Duplicate recordings are effectively identical to the original master. There are four independently editable PCM audio channels, offering a dynamic range of more than 90 db (decibels). Additionally, it has separate tracks for an analog audio cue and time code. p - 8 mm. 8 mm. format designed for small consumer-market camera/recorders (camcorders) using 8 mm. metal particle tape, housed in a mini-cassette. The video quality is comparable to standard VHS. The audio quality is superior to similar mini formats. q - Hi-8 mm. 8 mm. format designed for higher resolution than standard 8mm. tape. It is a consumer-market format that uses 8 mm. metal particle or evaportated metal tape, housed in a mini-cassette. s - Blu-ray Disc Optical disc format designed for high-definition video and data storage developed by Sony/Phillips. Blu-ray uses a blue-violet laser with a shorter wave length to allow for greater data storage in a smaller space. Requires a special player to view the disc. u - Unknown Videorecording format is not known. v - DVD Laser optical (reflective) videorecording system that uses a digital technique called PCM (Pulse Code Modulation) to represent video information on a grooveless, smooth, round plastic disc. The disc is read (played back) by a weak laser beam that registers data appearing on the disc as tiny pits or depressions of uniform length. DVDs are usually 4 3/4 inch in diameter (but a smaller 3 inch diameter disc may be produced commercially in some cases) and the disc or its packaging usually bear the term or trademark: DVD, DVD VIDEO, or VIDEO CD (in this case, the trademark is the standard one for COMPACT DISC, but with the added phrase DIGITAL VIDEO below it). This system has been in use commercially since late 1996. z - Other None of the other codes is appropriate. | - No attempt to code MARC 21 - Bibliographic October 2008 007 - Videorecording - p.5 007 - Videorecording 05 - Sound on medium or separate Whether the sound is on the item or separate from the item (i.e., on the accompanying material). # - No sound (silent) Sound is not present (i.e., the item is intended to be silent). a - Sound on medium Sound is on the item, whether or not visual images are included. b - Sound separate from medium Sound is on a separate medium, designed to accompany the images. u - Unknown Presence or absence of sound on the item is not known. | - No attempt to code 06 - Medium for sound Specific medium used to carry the sound of an item, whether that sound is carried on the videorecording or is separate, and the type of sound playback required for the item. Used in conjunction with the information coded in 007/05 (Sound on medium or separate) and 007/07 (Dimensions). Typically, the carriers of sound are: 1) magnetic track encased in a cassette or cartridge; 2) audio or video tape which may be on reel or encased in a cassette or cartridge; and 3) sound or video disc. # - No sound (silent) Sound is not present (i.e., the item is intended to be silent). a - Optical sound track on motion picture film Sound to accompany a videorecording is carried on an optical track that is part of a motion picture film. It would be rare for this to occur. b - Magnetic sound track on motion picture film Sound to accompany a videorecording is carried on a magnetic track that is part of a motion picture film. It would be rare for this to occur. c - Magnetic audio tape in cartridge Sound to accompany a videorecording is carried on a magnetic audio tape cartridge. d - Sound disc Sound to accompany a videorecording is carried on a sound disc. Sound discs include 7, 10, and 12 in. vinyl phonograph records and 4 3/4 in. compact discs. e - Magnetic audio tape on reel Sound to accompany a videorecording is carried on a reel of magnetic audio tape. f - Magnetic audio tape in cassette Sound to accompany a videorecording is carried on a cassette of magnetic audio tape. g - Optical and magnetic sound track on motion picture film Sound to accompany a videorecording is carried on both an optical and magnetic track on a motion picture film. It would be rare for this to occur. 007 - Videorecording - p.6 October 2008 MARC 21 - Bibliographic 007 - Videorecording h - Videotape Sound to accompany a videorecording is included as part of the videotape. Videotape is not ordinarily used to record only sound. i - Videodisc Sound to accompany a videorecording is included as part of the videodisc. Videodiscs are not ordinarily used to record only sound. A distinction must be made between videodiscs (e.g., 12 in. laser optical videodiscs that include video information) and compact discs that are used to record sound only (e.g., 4 3/4 in. audio compact discs). The technology to physically record video or audio information on digital disc systems is the same. u - Unknown Medium for sound is not known. z - Other None of the other codes is appropriate. | - No attempt to code 07 - Dimensions Width of the videorecording. For videorecordings, only codes that exactly match the measurements of the item as given in the physical description should be used. If no code exactly matches, code z is used. a - 8 mm. m - 1/4 in. o - 1/2 in. p - 1 in. q - 2 in. r - 3/4 in. u - Unknown Width is not known. z - Other None of the other codes is appropriate. Used for videodisc dimensions since standard code values for videodiscs do not yet exist. | - No attempt to code 08 - Configuration of playback channels Configuration of intended playback channels for the sound portion of a videorecording. Should be coded based on a clear indication of intended playback. These codes do not refer to the configuration of channels originally recorded unless those channels are all intended to be available on playback. MARC 21 - Bibliographic October 2008 007 - Videorecording - p.7 007 - Videorecording k - Mixed More than one configuration of playback channels for the sound portion is available on a single videorecording. An example would be a tape with both monaural and stereophonic sound tracks. m - Monaural Configured to be played back on one channel. n - Not applicable Videorecording has no sound or sound is on separate medium. When describing an item with separate sound (007/05 contains b), the configuration of playback channels for the separate sound track would be described in another 007 representing the sound recording on accompanying material (e.g., sound on cassette). q - Quadraphonic, multichannel, or surround Configured to be played back on more than two channels. Use this code for Dolby surround sound tracks and other multichannel techniques. s - Stereophonic Configured to be played back on two separate channels. Use code s when the medium is not monaural and it is not possible to ascertain that multiple playback sources are available or intended. u - Unknown Configuration of playback channels for the sound portion of a videorecording is not known. z - Other None of the other codes is appropriate. | - No attempt to code EXAMPLES 007/0-08 vf#caahos [Item is a videorecording (007/00); in a cassette (/01); in color (/03); in the Beta format (/04); has sound on medium (/05); on videotape (/06); tape width is 1/2 in. (/07); with stereophonic sound (/08).] 007/0-08 vf#ccahrm [Item is a videorecording (007/00); in a cassette (/01); in color (/03); in U-matic format (/04); has sound on medium (/05); on videotape (/06); tape width is 3/4 in. (/07); with monaural sound (/08).] 007/0-08 vd#cgaizs [Item is a videorecording (007/00); on videodisc (/01); in color (/03); laserdisc (/04); sound on medium (/05); on videodisc (/06); other width or dimension than those given for videotape (/07); with stereophonic sound (/08).] 007/0-08 vd#cvaizm [Item is a videorecording (007/00); on videodisc (/01); in color (/03); DVD (/04); sound on medium (/05); on videodisc (/06); other width or dimension than those given for videotape (/07); with monaural sound (/08).] 007 - Videorecording - p.8 October 2008 MARC 21 - Bibliographic 007 - Videorecording INPUT CONVENTIONS Field length - Field 007 for the category of material videorecording currently has nine character positions defined for it. CONTENT DESIGNATOR HISTORY 007/01 Specific material designation # Not applicable or no attempt to code [OBSOLETE, 1980] n Not applicable [OBSOLETE, 1981] 007/02 Original versus reproduction aspect [OBSOLETE, 1997] Defined codes were: f (Facsimile), o (Original), r (Reproduction), and u (Unknown). 007/04 Videorecording format # Not applicable or no attempt to code [OBSOLETE, 1980] g Laser optical (Reflective) videodisc [REDEFINED, 2001] Code g was redefined as Laserdisc to differentiate it from code v (DVD) n Not applicable [OBSOLETE, 1981] s Blu-ray Disc [NEW, 2008] v DVD [NEW, 2001] 007/06 Medium for sound g Other [OBSOLETE, 1980] g Optical and magnetic sound track on motion picture film [NEW, 1985] 007/07 Dimensions n 1/4 in. [OBSOLETE, 1981] m 1/4 in. [NEW, 1981] MARC 21 - Bibliographic October 2008 007 - Videorecording - p.9 007 - Videorecording [blank page] 007 - Videorecording - p.10 October 2008 MARC 21 - Bibliographic 008-Books 008 Books (NR) Indicators and Subfield Codes Field has no indicators or subfield codes; the data elements are positionally defined. Character Positions (008/18-34 and 006/01-17) 18-21 Illustrations (006/01-04) # No illustrations c Catalogs a Illustrations d Dictionaries b Maps e Encyclopedias c Portraits f Handbooks d Charts g Legal articles e Plans i Indexes f Plates j Patent document g Music k Discographies h Facsimiles l Legislation i Coats of arms m Theses j Genealogical tables n Surveys of literature in a subject area k Forms o Reviews l Samples p Programmed texts m Phonodisc, phonowire, etc. q Filmographies o Photographs r Directories p Illuminations s Statistics | No attempt to code t Technical reports u Standards/specifications 22 Target audience (006/05) v Legal cases and case notes # Unknown or not specified w Law reports and digests a Preschool y Yearbooks b Primary z Treaties c Pre-adolescent 2 Offprints d Adolescent 5 Calendars e Adult 6 Comics/graphic novels f Specialized | No attempt to code g General j Juvenile 28 Government publication (006/11) | No attempt to code # Not a government publication a Autonomous or semi-autonomous component 23 Form of item (006/06) c Multilocal # None of the following f Federal/national a Microfilm i International intergovernmental b Microfiche l Local c Microopaque m Multistate d Large print o Government publication - level undetermined f Braille s State, provincial, territorial, dependent, etc. r Regular print reproduction u Unknown if item is government publication s Electronic z Other | No attempt to code | No attempt to code 24-27 Nature of contents (006/07-10) 29 Conference publication (006/12) # No specified nature of contents 0 Not a conference publication a Abstracts/summaries 1 Conference publication b Bibliographies | No attempt to code MARC 21 - Bibliographic October 2008 008-Books - p.1 008-Books 30 Festschrift (006/13) e Essays 0 Not a festschrift f Novels 1 Festscrift h Humor, satires, etc. | No attempt to code i Letters j Short stories 31 Index (006/14) m Mixed forms 0 No index p Poetry 1 Index present s Speeches | No attempt to code u Unknown | No attempt to code 32 Undefined (006/15) # Undefined 34 Biography (006/17) | No attempt to code # No biographical material a Autobiography 33 Literary form (006/16) b Individual biography 0 Not fiction (not further specified) c Collective biography 1 Fiction (not further specified) d Contains biographical information d Dramas | No attempt to code CHARACTER POSITION DEFINITION AND SCOPE Books definition of field 008/18-34 is used when Leader/06 (Type of record) contains code a (Language material) or t (Manuscript language material) and Leader/07 (Bibliographic level) contains code a (Monographic component part), c (Collection), d (Subunit), or m (Monograph). Field 008 positions 01-17 and 35-39 are defined the same in all 008 fields and are described in the 008-All materials section. Field 008/18-34 correspond to equivalent positionally defined data elements in field 006/01-17 when field 006/00 (Form of material) contains code a (Language material) or t (Manuscript language material). Details about specific codes defined for the equivalent character positions in field 006 and 008 for books are provided in the Guidelines for Applying Content Designators section of 008-Books only. GUIDELINES FOR APPLYING CONTENT DESIGNATORS CHARACTER POSITIONS 18-21 - Illustrations (006/01-04) Up to four (4) one-character alphabetic codes (recorded in alphabetical order)that indicate the presence of types of illustrations in the item. If fewer than four alphabetic codes are assigned, the codes are left justified and unused positions contain blanks (#). Represented by field 008 or 006 with a books configuration. Information for this character position is usually derived from terms in field 300 (Physical Description). If more than four codes are appropriate to an item, only the first four are recorded. # - No illustrations Work does not contain illustrations. When # is used in 008/18, it is always followed by three other blanks in 008/19-21. a - Illustrations Types of illustrations not covered by any of the more specific codes are coded using code a. b - Maps 008-Books - p.2 October 2008 MARC 21 - Bibliographic 008-Books Used when the term map or maps is present in field 300. c - Portraits Used when the term port. or ports. is present in field 300. d - Charts Used when the term chart or charts is present in field 300. e - Plans Used when the term plan or plans is present in field 300. f - Plates Used when the term plate or plates is present in field 300. g - Music Used when the term music is present in field 300. h - Facsimiles Used when the term facsim. or facsims. is present in field 300. i - Coats of arms Used when the term coat of arms or coats of arms is present in field 300. j - Genealogical tables Used when the term geneal. table or geneal. tables is present in field 300. The presence of the term table or tables alone mandates the use of code a. k - Forms Used when the term form or forms is present in field 300. l - Samples Used when the term sample or samples is present in field 300. m - Phonodisc, phonowire, etc. Used, on current records, when the following terms are present in field 300: sound disc, sound cartridge, sound tape reel, sound cassette, roll, and cylinder. On older records, code m is used for any term beginning with phono, e.g., phonodisc. o - Photographs Used when the term photo. or photos. is present in field 300. If the photographs are of minor importance code a (Illustrations) may be used. p - Illuminations 008/18-21 a### 300 ##‡a271 p. :‡bill. ;‡c21 cm. 008/18-21 f### 300 ##‡a246 p., 32 p. of plates ;‡c26 cm. 008/18-21 ab## 300 ##‡bill., maps (in pocket) MARC 21 - Bibliographic October 2008 008-Books - p.3 008-Books 008/18-21 acf# 300 ##‡bill., plates, ports. 008/18-21 acdg 300 ##‡bill., charts, facsim., music, ports. 008/18-21 #### 300 ##‡a367 p. ;‡c23 cm. [no illustrations in the item] | - No attempt to code 22 - Target audience (006/05) One-character alphabetic code that describes the intellectual level of the target audience for which the material is intended. When items with factual content are considered appropriate for more than one target audience, the code is recorded for the primary target audience. If the record has both reading grade level and interest age or interest grade level information present in the 521 (Target Audience Note) field, 008/22 is coded based on the interest age. # - Unknown or not specified Target audience for which the material is intended is unknown or is not specified. 008/22 # 245 02‡aA Consumer's guide to auto repair costs. a - Preschool Intended for children, approximate ages 0-5 years. b - Primary Intended for children, approximate ages 6-8 years. c - Pre-adolescent Intended for young people, approximate ages 9-13. d - Adolescent Intended for young people, approximate ages 14-17. e - Adult Intended for adults. f - Specialized Aimed at a particular audience and the nature of the presentation would make the item of little interest to other audiences. Examples of items which are coded f include: 1) technical material geared to a specialized audience, and 2) items which address a limited audience; for example, the employees of a single organization. 008/22 f 245 10‡aMARC for library use. 008-Books - p.4 October 2008 MARC 21 - Bibliographic 008-Books g - General Of general interest and not aimed at a particular target audience. The code is used for most fictional works that are not covered more appropriately by one of the other codes. 008/22 g 245 10‡aLetter from Peking :‡ba novel. j - Juvenile Intended for use by children and young people, approximate ages 0-15. The code is used when a more specific code for the juvenile target audience is not desired. 008/22 j 650 #0‡aGrizzly bear‡xJuvenile literature. 008/22 j 245 00‡aSaturday morning heroes... | - No attempt to code 23 - Form of item (006/06) One-character alphabetic code that specifies the form of material for the item. # - None of the following Not specified by one of the other codes. a - Microfilm b - Microfiche 008/23 b 300 ##‡a1 microfiche ;‡c10 x 15 cm. c - Microopaque d - Large print 008/23 d 250 ##‡aLarge print ed. f - Braille r - Regular print reproduction Eye-readable print, such as a photocopy. 008/23 r 500 ##‡aPhoto-reproduction of 1963 edition. s - Electronic Intended for manipulation by a computer. The item may reside in a carrier accessed either directly or remotely, in some cases requiring the use of peripheral devices attached to the computer (e.g., a CD-ROM player). This code is not used for items that do not require the use of a computer (e.g., music compact discs, videodiscs). MARC 21 - Bibliographic October 2008 008-Books - p.5 008-Books | - No attempt to code Use of this code is discouraged since form of item information is often used in retrieval and duplicate detection. 24-27 - Nature of contents (006/07-10) Up to four one-character codes (recorded in alphabetical order) that indicate whether a significant part of the item is or contains certain types of material. If fewer than four codes are assigned, the codes are left justified and unused positions contain blanks (#). Information for these character positions is usually derived from other areas of the bibliographic record (e.g., field 245 (Title Statement), 5XX (Note) fields, or 6XX (Subject Added Entry) fields). Up to four codes may be recorded, in alphabetical order. If more than four codes are appropriate to an item, the four most significant are selected. # - No specified nature of contents When # is used in 008/24, it is followed by three other blanks. 008/24-27 #### 245 14‡aThe responsibilities of leadership /‡c... [No special nature of contents given] a - Abstracts/summaries Abstracts or summaries of other publications. Not used when a publication includes an abstract or summary of its own content. b - Bibliographies All or part of an item is a bibliography or bibliographies. Used only if the bibliography is substantial enough to be mentioned in the bibliographic record. Note: Because bibliographies are included as part of the definition of code n, code b is not used when code n is present. 008/24-27 b### 504 ##‡aBibliography: p. 104-177.c - Catalogs c - Catalogs Also includes lists of collectible objects, such as stamps and coins, or trade catalogs, etc. For catalogs of books, sound recordings, or motion pictures, code b (Bibliographies), code k (Discographies), or code q (Filmographies), are given with code c. d - Dictionaries Also used for a glossary or a gazetteer. Concordances are coded as Indexes (code i). Monographic biographical dictionaries are coded as collected biography (code c) in 008/34 (Biography) rather than as a dictionary here. 008/24-27 d### 245 10‡aDictionnaire de la langue québécoise. e - Encyclopedias Encyclopedia or an encyclopedic treatment of a specific topic. f - Handbooks 008-Books - p.6 October 2008 MARC 21 - Bibliographic 008-Books g - Legal articles Contains substantive articles on legal topics, such as those published in law school reviews. 008/24-27 gl## 245 10‡aLaws of the land interpreted :‡bcompendium of contemporary law with analyses and commentary /‡cedited by... i - Indexes Index to bibliographical material other than itself. Not used when a publication contains an index to its own content. j - Patent document Detailed description of an invention or discovery of a new and useful process, machine, manufacture, composition of matter, or improvements thereof. A patent document may be one of several kinds of documents: a patent or similar document (e.g., inventor's certificate), a patent application (domestic, foreign, priority application, etc.), or a continuation/division of one of the above. k - Discographies Entire item, or a significant part of it, is a discography or discographies, or other bibliography of recorded sound. Used only if the discography is substantial enough to be mentioned in the bibliographic record. For discographies that are also catalogs, both code k and code c are given. 008/24-27 bkq# 504 ##‡aBibliography: p. 80-84. 504 ##‡aDiscography: p. 85-97. 504 ##‡aFilmography: p. 98-101. l - Legislation Full or partial texts of enactments of legislative bodies, published either in statute or in code form, or texts of rules and regulations issued by executive or administrative agencies. m - Theses Thesis, dissertation, or work identified as having been created to satisfy the requirements for an academic certification or degree. n - Surveys of literature in a subject area Composed entirely of authored surveys that summarize what has been published about a subject. Usually contains a list of references either in the body of the work or as a bibliography. Note: Because bibliographies are included as part of the definition of code n, code b (Bibliographies) should not be recorded when code n is present. o - Reviews Devoted entirely to critical reviews of published or performed works (e.g., books, films, sound recordings, theater). p - Programmed texts q - Filmographies Entire item, or a significant part of it, is a filmography or other bibliography of moving images. Used only if the filmography is substantial enough to be mentioned in the bibliographic record. For filmographies that are also catalogs, both code q and code c (Catalogs) are given. MARC 21 - Bibliographic October 2008 008-Books - p.7 008-Books 008/24-27 bkq# 504 ##‡aBibliography: p. 80-84. 504 ##‡aDiscography: p. 85-97. 504 ##‡aFilmography: p. 98-101. r - Directories Directory or register of persons or corporate bodies. Monographic biographical dictionaries are coded as collected biography (code c) in 008/34 (Biography) rather than as a directory here. s - Statistics Entire item, or a significant part of it, is a collection of statistical data on a subject. Not used for works about statistical methodology. t - Technical reports Work that is the result of scientific investigation or technical development, testing, or evaluation, presented in a form suitable for dissemination to the technical community. u - Standards/specifications Either an international, national or industry standard or a specification which gives a precise statement of a process or a service requirement. v - Legal cases and case notes Discussions, such as those in the case comments section of law school reviews, of particular legal cases that have been decided by, or that are pending before, courts or administrative agencies. w - Law reports and digests Texts of decisions of courts or administrative agencies. Also used when a work consists of texts of digests of such decisions. y - Yearbooks Reference publication issued on an annual or less frequent basis that contains articles summarizing the accomplishments or events of a particular year within a specific discipline or area of endeavor. Annual reports, which are administrative overviews of an organization, are not coded here. z - Treaties Treaty or accord negotiated between two or more parties to settle a disagreement, establish a relationship, grant rights, etc. 2 - Offprints Publication that originally was published as an article in a monograph or a serial and that is also issued separately and independently. Includes preprints and postprints. 5 - Calendars Published systems of organizing days. These may be academic calendars or almanacs, calendars published by bodies, such as labor organizations, library associations, etc. 6 - Comics/graphic novels Instances of "sequential art" in which a story (whether fact or fiction) is told primarily through a set of images (often in the form of multiple "panels" per page) presented concurrently but meant to be "read" sequentially by the viewer. The accompanying narrative and/or dialog text, when it occurs, works integrally with the images to tell the story. | - No attempt to code 008-Books - p.8 October 2008 MARC 21 - Bibliographic 008-Books 28 - Government publication (006/11) One-character code that indicates whether or not the item is published or produced by or for an international, national, state, provincial, or local government agency, or by any subdivision of such a body. Also describes the jurisdictional level of the government agency associated with the item. A government body and all its subdivisions are treated as government bodies regardless of how they may be entered as headings (i.e., entered under jurisdiction or not). In the bibliographic record, the body does not have to be a main or added entry, but it should be named as publisher, etc. in the publication, distribution, etc. area, or have caused the item to be published (usually inferred when the governmental body is responsible for the content of the work). When in doubt, treat the item as a government publication. Guidelines for certain types of publications - Socialist countries - Since the coding of all items published in socialist countries as government publications would limit the usefulness of this element, coding should be used only for the same type of bodies that would be considered government in a non-socialist country. In coding items in this manner, when in doubt, treat the item as a government publication. - Two levels - If an item is published or produced jointly by government agencies at two different levels, record the code for the higher government level. - Academic publications - In the U.S., items published by academic institutions are considered government publications if the institutions are created or controlled by a government. - University presses - In the U.S., items published by university presses are considered government publications if the presses are created or controlled by a government (e.g., state university presses in the United States). # - Not a government publication Not published by or for a government body. 008/28 # 110 2#‡aInternational Comparative Literature Association. 008/28 # 260 ##‡aNew York :‡bMacmillan,‡c1983. a - Autonomous or semi-autonomous component Published or produced by or for a government body of an autonomous or semi-autonomous component of a country. 008/28 a 110 1#‡aSabah. c - Multilocal Published or produced by or for a multilocal jurisdiction which is defined as a regional combination of jurisdictions below the state level. 008/28 c 110 2#‡aHouston Independent School District. f - Federal/national Published or produced by or for a federal or national government body (e.g., a sovereign nation, such as Canada). Used for the governments of England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. Also used for American Indian tribes. MARC 21 - Bibliographic October 2008 008-Books - p.9 008-Books 008/28 f 110 2#‡aNational Agricultural Library. i - International intergovernmental Published or produced by or for an international intergovernmental body. 008/28 i 110 2#‡aUnited Nations.‡bSecretary-General. l - Local Published or produced by or for a local government jurisdiction such as a town, city, county, etc. 008/28 l 110 1#‡aMexico City (Mexico) m - Multistate Published or produced by or for a regional combination of jurisdictions at the state, provincial, territorial, etc. level. 008/28 m 110 2#‡aCouncil of State Governments. o - Government publication-level undetermined Published or produced by or for a government body but that the jurisdictional level cannot be determined. s - State, provincial, territorial, dependent, etc. Jurisdictional level of the government body is a state, province, territory, or other dependent jurisdiction. 008/28 s 110 1#‡aVirginia.‡bGovernor. u - Unknown if item is government publication z - Other None of the other defined codes are appropriate. | - No attempt to code 29 - Conference publication (006/12) One-character code that indicates whether the item consists of the proceedings, reports, or summaries of a conference. The following types are considered to be conference publications: - Proceedings, including collections or partial collections of papers (or of contributions, essays, etc., that are based upon papers) presented at a conference or meeting. - A partial collection, defined as a work containing two or more papers (or contributions, essays, etc., that are based upon papers) presented at a conference or meeting. - A collection of preprints of conference papers. 008-Books - p.10 October 2008 MARC 21 - Bibliographic 008-Books The following types of publications are not considered conference publications: - Works composed of or based on a single paper - Hearings of legislative bodies - Courses given in a school (except where the main entry is the name of a meeting) 0 - Not a conference publication 008/29 0 245 12‡aA first course in physics /‡cby Robert Andrew Millikan... 1 - Conference publication 008/29 1 245 10‡aProceedings of the Third Seminar on Quantum Gravity... | - No attempt to code 30 - Festschrift (006/13) One-character code that indicates whether the item is a festschrift. Defined as a complimentary or memorial publication usually in the form of a collection of essays, addresses, or biographical, bibliographic, scientific, or other contributions. It often embodies the results of research, issued in honor of a person, an institution, or a society, as a rule, on the occasion of an anniversary celebration. A true festschrift generally mentions the person, institution, or society it commemorates on the chief source of information (i.e., title page). The title of the work may or may not use the word festschrift. Other indications that an item is a festschrift include phrases such as: papers in honor of, in memory of, commemorating, and their equivalents in foreign languages. 0 - Not a festschrift 008/30 0 245 10‡aEssays on nuclear physics. 1 - Festschrift 008/30 1 245 10‡aFoundations of mathematics :‡bsymposium papers commemorating the sixtieth birthday of Kurt Gödel. 008/30 1 245 10‡aFestschrift to honor F. Wilbur Gingrich, lexicographer... | - No attempt to code 31 - Index (006/14) One-character numeric code that indicates whether the item includes an index to its own contents. Information for this data element is derived from mention of an index in another part of the bibliographic record (e.g, in the title, or in a note). 0 - No index 008/31 0 [No indication of index in bibliographic data] MARC 21 - Bibliographic October 2008 008-Books - p.11 008-Books 1 - Index present 008/31 1 500 ##‡aIncludes index. 008/31 1 245 14‡aThe corporate law of the District of Columbia :‡bannotated : with index /‡cby Frederick S. Tyler... | - No attempt to code 32 - Undefined (006/15) Contains a blank (#) or a fill character (|). 33 - Literary form (006/16) One-character code used to indicate the literary form of an item. Numeric codes 0 and 1 provide a generic identification of whether or not the item is a work of fiction. Alphabetic codes may be used to identify specific literary forms. 0 - Not fiction (not further specified) Not a work of fiction and no further identification of the literary form is desired. 008/33 0 100 1#‡aClarke, Mary,‡d1923- 245 10‡aBallet in art :‡bfrom the Renaissance to the present... 1 - Fiction (not further specified) Work of fiction but no further identification of the literary form is desired. 008/33 1 100 1#‡aDalgliesh, Alice,‡d1893- 245 14‡aThe bears on Hemlock Mountain... 650 #1‡aBears‡xFiction. d - Dramas e - Essays f - Novels h - Humor, satires, etc. Humorous work, satire, or of similar literary form. i - Letters Single letter or collection of correspondence. j - Short stories Short story or collection of short stories. m - Mixed forms Represents a variety of literary forms (e.g., poetry and short stories). 008-Books - p.12 October 2008 MARC 21 - Bibliographic 008-Books p - Poetry Poem or collection of poems. s - Speeches Speech or collection of speeches. u - Unknown Literary form of the item is unknown. | - No attempt to code 34 - Biography (006/17) One-character alphabetic code that indicates whether or not an item contains biographical material, and if so, what the biographical characteristics are. # - No biographical material No biographical or autobiographical material. 008/34 # 245 00‡aDictionary of Russian verbs. a - Autobiography b - Individual biography Biography of one individual. 008/34 b 100 1#‡aDampenon, Philippe. 245 10‡aMichel Sardou /‡cpar Philippe Dampenon. c - Collective biography Biographical material about more than one individual. 008/34 c 245 10‡aUnited States music :‡bsources of bibliography and collective biography. d - Contains biographical information 008/34 d 245 00‡aCorrespondance inédite de Victor... ‡bprécédée d'une notice... | - No attempt to code INPUT CONVENTIONS Capitalization - Alphabetic codes are input in lowercase. Field length - Field 008 should always consist of forty (40) character positions. MARC 21 - Bibliographic October 2008 008-Books - p.13 008-Books CONTENT DESIGNATOR HISTORY 008/22 Target audience c Elementary and junior high [RENAMED, 2002] d Secondary (senior high) [RENAMED, 2002] u School material at first level [OBSOLETE] v School material at second level [OBSOLETE] Prior to the definition of codes a through g in 1995, only codes # and j were used in USMARC. 008/23 Form of item # None of the following [REDEFINED, 1987] g Punched paper tape [OBSOLETE, 1987] h Magnetic tape [OBSOLETE, 1987] i Multimedia [OBSOLETE, 1987] z Other form of reproduction [OBSOLETE, 1987] Code # (Not a reproduction) was redefined when the focus of 008/23 was changed. The other codes were made obsolete when the coding of 008/23 (Form of reproduction code) was redefined as information about the medium of the item in hand rather than about bibliographic reproductions. 008/24-27 Nature of contents h Handbooks [OBSOLETE] k Official standards [REDEFINED, 1997] u Standards/specifications [NEW, 2002] q Examination papers [REDEFINED, 1997] x Technical reports [OBSOLETE, 1997] y Yearbooks [OBSOLETE, 1988] [REDEFINED, 2008] 2 Offprint [NEW, 2007] 3 Discographies [OBSOLETE, 1997] 4 Filmographies [OBSOLETE, 1997] 5 Calendars [NEW, 2008] 6 Comics/graphic novels [NEW, 2008] Prior to 1979, handbooks were identified by code h; code f is currently used. Prior to 1987, discographies were identified by code b. 008/28 Government publication n Government publication-level undetermined [OBSOLETE] Prior to 1979, an undetermined level was identified by code n; code o is currently used. 008/32 Main entry in body of entry [OBSOLETE, 1990] Defined codes were: 0 (Main entry not in body of entry), 1 (Main entry in body of entry). 008/33 Literary form # Non-fiction [OBSOLETE, 1997] c Comic strips [OBSOLETE, 2008] Prior to the definition of 11 new codes and the change of name for this character position to Literary form in 1997, only the generic codes 0 (Not fiction) and 1 (Fiction) were used in USMARC. 008-Books - p.14 October 2008 MARC 21 - Bibliographic 008 - Continuing Resources 008 Continuing Resources (NR) Indicators and Subfield Codes Field has no indicators or subfield codes; the data elements are positionally defined. Character Positions (008/18-34 and 006/01-17) 18 Frequency (006/01) # No determinable frequency d Large print a Annual e Newspaper format b Bimonthly f Braille c Semiweekly s Electronic d Daily | No attempt to code e Biweekly f Semiannual 23 Form of item (006/06) g Biennial # None of the following h Triennial a Microfilm i Three times a week b Microfiche j Three times a month c Micropaque k Continuously updated d Large print m Monthly f Braille q Quarterly r Regular print reproduction s Semimonthly s Electronic t Three times a year | No attempt to code u Unknown w Weekly 24 Nature of entire work (006/07) z Other # Not specified | No attempt to code a Abstracts/summaries b Bibliographies 19 Regularity (006/02) c Catalogs n Normalized irregular d Dictionaries r Regular e Encyclopedias u Unknown f Handbooks x Completely irregular g Legal articles | No attempt to code h Biography i Indexes 20 Undefined (006/03) k Discographies # Undefined l Legislation m Theses 21 Type of continuing resource (006/04) n Surveys of literature in a subject area # None of the following o Reviews d Updating database p Programmed texts l Updating loose-leaf q Filmographies m Monographic series r Directories n Newspaper s Statistics p Periodical t Technical reports w Updating Web site u Standards/specifications | No attempt to code v Legal cases and case notes w Law reports and digests 22 Form of original item (006/05) y Yearbooks # None of the following z Treaties a Microfilm 5 Calendars b Microfiche 6 Comic books/Graphic novels c Micropaque MARC 21 - Bibliographic October 2008 008 - Continuing Resources - p.1 008 - Continuing Resources 25-27 Nature of contents (006/08-10) 29 Conference publication (006/12) # Not specified 0 Not a conference publication a Abstracts/summaries 1 Conference publication b Bibliographies | No attempt to code c Catalogs d Dictionaries 30-32 Undefined (006/13-15) e Encyclopedias # Undefined f Handbooks g Legal articles 33 Original alphabet or script of title (006/16) h Biography # No alphabet or script given/No key title i Indexes a Basic Roman k Discographies b Extended Roman l Legislation c Cyrillic m Theses d Japanese n Surveys of literature in a subject area e Chinese o Reviews f Arabic p Programmed texts g Greek q Filmographies h Hebrew r Directories i Thai s Statistics j Devanagari t Technical reports k Korean u Standards/specifications l Tamil v Legal cases and case notes u Unknown w Law reports and digests z Other y Yearbooks | No attempt to code z Treaties 5 Calendars 34 Entry convention (006/17) 6 Comic books/Graphic novels 0 Successive entry 1 Latest entry 28 Government publication (006/11) 2 Integrated entry # Not a government publication | No attempt to code a Autonomous or semi-autonomous component c Multilocal f Federal/national i International intergovernmental l Local m Multistate o Government publication-level undetermined s State, provincial, territorial, dependent, etc. u Unknown if item is government publication z Other | No attempt to code FIELD DEFINITION AND SCOPE Continuing resources field 008/18-34 contains coded data for all continuing resources, including serials and integrating resources. It is used when Leader/06 (Type of record) contains code a (Language material) and Leader/07 contains code b (Serial component part), i (Integrating resource), or code s (Serial). Field 008 positions 01-17 and 35-39 are defined the same for all 008 fields and are described in the 008-All materials section. Field 008/18-34 corresponds to equivalent positionally-defined data elements in field 006/01-17 when field 006/00 (Form of material) contains code s (Serial/Integrating resource). Details about specific codes 008 - Continuing Resources - p.2 October 2008 MARC 21 - Bibliographic 008 - Continuing Resources defined for the equivalent character positions in field 006 and 008 for serials and integrating resources are provided in the Guidelines for Applying Content Designators section of 008-Continuing resources only. GUIDELINES FOR APPLYING CONTENT DESIGNATORS CHARACTER POSITIONS 18 - Frequency (006/ 01) One-character alphabetic code that indicates the frequency of an item; used in conjunction with 008/19 (Regularity). In the case of integrating resources, updates to an item. This element is based on the information found in field 310 (Current Frequency). The frequency codes sometimes do not accurately reflect the frequency as given in field 310. This is generally the case when the frequency is expressed in numbers per year (e.g., 4 no. a year). In these cases, the closest applicable frequency is used according to the following chart, and 008/19 (regularity) contains code x. Issued or Updated Frequency code Two no. a year f (seminannual) Four no. a year q (quarterly) Five no. a year q (quarterly) Six no. a year b (bimonthly) Seven no. a year b (bimonthly) Eight no. a year b (bimonthly) Nine no. a year m (monthly) Ten no. a year m (monthly) Eleven no. a year m (monthly) Twelve no. a year m (monthly) If an item ceases publication after one issue, give them intended frequency (and regularity) if known. Otherwise, code both frequency and regularity as u (Unknown). 008/18 a 008/19 r 300 ##‡a1 v. ;‡c28 cm. 310 ##‡aAnnual 362 0#‡a1984. If an item is issued according to one frequency, but cumulates to another, the frequency (and regularity) are coded without regard for the cumulation. 008/18 b 008/19 r 310 ##‡aBimonthly, with the last issue being cumulative for the year Regular-print reprint or photoreproduction items are coded for the frequency (and regularity) of the reprint or photoreproduction -- not those of the original. In most cases, both frequency and regularity will be coded as u. MARC 21 - Bibliographic October 2008 008 - Continuing Resources - p.3 008 - Continuing Resources # - No determinable frequency Used when the frequency is known to be intentionally irregular. 008/18 # 008/19 x 310 ##‡aIrregular a - Annual Issued or updated once a year. 008/18 a 008/19 r 310 ##‡aAnnual b - Bimonthly Issued or updated every two months. Includes publications whose frequency is 6, 7, or 8 numbers a year. 008/18 b 008/19 r 310 ##‡aBimonthly c - Semiweekly Issued or updated twice a week. 008/18 c 008/19 r 310 ##‡aSemiweekly d - Daily Issued or updated once a day. Note: this may include Saturday and Sunday. 008/18 d 008/19 r 310 ##‡aDaily e - Biweekly Issued or updated every two weeks. 008/18 e 008/19 r 310 ##‡aBiweekly f - Semiannual Issued or updated twice a year. Includes publications whose frequency is 2 numbers a year. 008/18 f 008/19 x 310 ##‡aSemiannual 008 - Continuing Resources - p.4 October 2008 MARC 21 - Bibliographic 008 - Continuing Resources g - Biennial Issued or updated every two years. 008/18 g 008/19 r 310 ##‡aBiennial h - Triennial Issued or updated every three years. 008/18 h 008/19 r 310 ##‡aTriennial i - Three times a week 008/18 i 008/19 r 310 ##‡aThree no. a week j - Three times a month 008/18 j 008/19 r 310 ##‡aThree no. a month k - Continuously updated Updated more frequent than daily. 008/18 k 008/19 r 310 ##‡aContinuously updated m - Monthly Includes publications whose frequency is 9, 10, 11, or 12 numbers a year. 008/18 m 008/19 r 310 ##‡aMonthly q - Quarterly Issued or updated every three months. Includes publications whose frequency is 4 numbers a year. 008/18 q 008/19 r 310 ##‡aQuarterly s - Semimonthly Issued or updated twice a month. 008/18 s 008/19 x 310 ##‡aTwo no. a month MARC 21 - Bibliographic

MARC 21 Formats Update No. 9 (October 2008) PDF

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