ASEAN Art & Culture: Sculptures & Handicrafts PDF

# **The Art of Sculptures and Handicrafts in ASEAN** This educational document describes traditional art forms, sculptures and handicrafts from around the ASEAN region. ## **Section 1: Introduction to Different Country's Art and Culture** * **Thailand** * The festival is a symbol of new begi...

# **The Art of Sculptures and Handicrafts in ASEAN** This educational document describes traditional art forms, sculptures and handicrafts from around the ASEAN region. ## **Section 1: Introduction to Different Country's Art and Culture** * **Thailand** * The festival is a symbol of new beginnings. * Sky Lanterns or wish lanterns as they are also commonly known have become popular on the main tourist beaches of Phuket. * **Cambodia** * Many indigenous groups have established small enterprises and produce traditional products to generate supplementary income in order to support their livelihoods. * The handicraft sector provides vital employment opportunities to most indigenous artisans and disadvantaged people, especially women who are struggling for survival. * **Brunei** * Men's headgears are categorized in three: * **Dastar:** a piece of cloth tied around the head. * **Songkok:**, kopiah, or peci is a type of cap made of velvet. * **Tengkolok:** or serban looks like a turban and is a typical headdress in the West Asia * **Indonesia** * Wayang Kulit: Indonesian shadow puppetry where the puppets are carved out of leather * Shadow puppet play is based on two epic stories from India, the Mahabharata and the Ramayana * Indonesian dance-dramas in the form of puppets are the Wayang Topeng, Wayang Orang, Wayang Kulit, and Wayang Golek. * **Malaysia** * Wau Kite: is a uniquely designed Malaysian kite. * Its wings are similar to an Arabic letter (pronounced "wow"). * The size is bigger than any other Malaysian kites, and are decorated with strong-colored patterns. * Traditional uses of Wau Kite: * Used as scarecrows. * Used to lull babies to sleep. * **Cambodia and Laos** * Indigenous people represent 1.4 percent of the total population and the majority of them live in remote rural areas within. * Handicrafts are part of their traditional culture and their livelihood. ## **Section 2: Traditional Sculptures in ASEAN** * **What is a Sculpture?** * An object made by an artist or craftsman. * Usually made of hard materials including stone, metal, or wood * **Indonesia: Indonesian Native Tribes** * The native Indonesian tribes usually create sculptures that depict ancestors, deities, and animals. * The most amazing sculptures are the Asmat wooden sculpture of Papua, the Dayak wooden mask and sculpture, the ancestral wooden statue of Toraja, and also the totem-like sculpture of Batak and Nias tribe. * **Cambodia:** * For many thousands of years, the art of stone carving has flourished in Cambodia * The breathtaking carvings found at Angkor Wat, this art medium has become one of the country's most cherished art forms. * **The Sri Mariammam Hindu temple (Singapore)** * This temple is famous for its gopuram (tower) over the main entrance that is decorated with numerous Hindu deities. * **Merlion (Singapore)** * The Merlion was conceived because the Singapore Tourism Board (STB) felt the country lacked a distinct image representing the nation and its history. * **Wat Pho (Thailand)** * This sculpture in Wat Pho in Bangkok is 46 meters long and 15 meters high. It is made of plaster on a brick core and finished in gold leaf. * **Laos** * Lao artisans use a variety of media in their sculptural creations; typically, bronze, silver, and gold are used. * **Angkor Wat (Cambodia)** * Thailand is world-famous for its sculpture that dates back 4,000 years. * The most commonly used materials are wood, stone, ivory, clay, and various metals. The most notable sculptures are the Thai bronzes, famous for their originality and grace. * **Dong Noi Cave (Vietnam)** * Among the famous sculptures is the 10,000-year-old carvings which can be seen on the Dong Noi cave. * The Dong Son culture is famous for its kettledrums, small carvings, and home utensils, which have handles sculpted in the shape of men, elephants, toads, and tortoises. * **Borobudur (Indonesia)** * From the classical Hindu-Buddhist era of Indonesia, the most prominent sculptures are the hundreds of meters of relief and hundreds of stone Buddha at the temple of Borobudur in central Java. * **Malaysia** * Most of Malaysia's sculptures are relief. These are partially carved into or out of another surface. These sculptures rely on a base or plane to support them and are a combination of both three-dimensional and art forms. * **Singapore** * The best Malay woodcarving is from Terengganu and Kelantan. Passed down from one generation to another, the craft is divided into ukiranhalus (fine carving) and ukirankasar (literally meaning “rough carving”). * **Brunei** * Sculpture in Brunei takes on a more utilitarian role than an aesthetic one. The people of Brunei have a long tradition as excellent craftsmen, using bronze and silver to create adornments and functional items such as bowls, tools, and the like. * Examples of their creations can be seen at the ASEAN Squares in the ASEAN member countries. * To help preserve this heritage of metalwork, the Brunei Arts and Handicraft Training Center was established in 1975 to revive and promote the nation's dying tradition of crafts, including metalwork. * **Phra Say (Thailand)** * The most famous statue made of gold is the Phra Say of the sixteenth century, which the Siamese carried home as loot in the late eighteenth century. * **Phra Bang (Laos)** * Another famous sculpture in Laos is the Phra Bang, which is also cast in gold. Unfortunately, its craftsmanship is said to be of Sinhalese, rather than Lao, origin. It is traditionally believed that relics of the Buddha are contained in the image. * **Merlion (Singapore)** * The Merlion is also partly inspired by the story of how Singapore got its name, or 'The Singapura Story'. * **The Sentosa Merlion (Singapore)** * Is the biggest replica, standing at 37 meters and made from glass-reinforced concrete. ## **Section 3: Traditional Performing Arts in ASEAN** * **The Painted Faces Of Japanese Kabuki Theater** * **Kabuki makeup or Kesho:** is already in itself an interpretation of the actor's own role through the medium of the facial features. * **Standard Makeup:** is applied to most actors. * **Kumadori Makeup:** is applied to villains and heroes tied to most actors. * **The Art of Japanese Kabuki** * The art is famous in Indonesia * Wayang, in modern Indonesian language, means "show" or "perform." * Others say that Wayang is also attributed to the Indonesian word, bayang, which means "shadow." * Kulit means "skin", a reference to the leather material that the figures are carved out of. * **Traditional Chinese Painting** * Landscape painting was regarded as the highest form of Chinese painting * Han court eunuch Cai Lun invented the paper in the 1st Century AD, providing a cheap and widespread medium for writing, and therefore, painting. * Chinese art expresses the human understanding of the relationship between nature and human. * The metaphysical, Daoist aspect of Chinese painting. * **Painting Subjecst and Themes** * Landscapes, Palaces and Temples, Human Figures, Flowers and Birds, Bamboos and Stones, Animals * **Six Principles of Chinese Painting** * Observe rhythm and movements. * Leave spaces for the eyes to rest. * Use brush in calligraphy. * Use colors correctly. * Live up to tradition by copying the master's artwork. * Copy the correct proportion of the objects and nature. * **Logographs (Ancient Chinese Writing Symbols)** * JiaGuWen: Shell-and-bone script and ancient writing symbols. Some examples include: * Sun * Moon * Mountain * Water * Rain * Wood * Dog * Cattle * Horse * **The Art of Calligraphy** * It is the art of beautiful handwriting. * The brush is dipped in black or colored ink; oils are not used. * The materials used in calligraphy are paper and silk. * Poets write their calligraphy on their paintings * **Japanese Paintings** * The most common theme in Japan for printmaking is scenes from everyday life. ## **Section 4: Traditional Paper Arts and Knot Tying** * **Woodblock Printing (Japan)** * This method was adapted in Japan during the Edo period (1603-1867) and became one of their oldest and most highly developed visual arts. * **Japanese Ukiyo-e** * The best known and most popular style of Japanese art is Ukiyo-e, which is Japanese for "pictures of the floating world." * **Chinese Paper Cuttings** * symmetrical in design but mostly use the color red. * The earliest use of paper was made as a pattern for lacquers, decoration on windows, doors, and walls. * **Chinese Folk Art** * In China, traditional funerals include burning yuanbao, which is a folded paper that looks like gold nuggets or ingots called Sycee. Also in Ghost Festival. * Gold sycees are used as a symbol of prosperity. * A sycee is a type of silver or gold ingot currency used in China. * **Origami (Japan)** * Origami butterflies were used during the celebration of Shinto weddings to represent the bride and groom. * Flowers, animals, birds, fish, geometric shapes and dolls are the common models used in Japanese Origami. * Paper crane is the best known Japanese origami. * **Knot Tying (Japan)** * In Japan, knot tying is called hanamusubi. * It emphasizes braids and focuses on individual knots. * **Chinese Kites** * They originated in WeiFang, Sandong, China (City of Kites) * They are differentiated into four main categories: * Centipede * Hard-Winged Kites * Soft-Winged Kites * Flat Kites * **Jianzhi (paper cutting (China))** * The first type of paper cutting design, since paper was invented by the Chinese. * They are sometimes referred to as chuāng hua, meaning Window Flower, a type of folk art. * **Knot Tying (Korea)** * Decorative knot work is known as "Maedeup" or called "Dorae" or double connection knot. * **Paper Arts (China, Japan and Korea)** * Paper was first invented by Cai Lun of the Eastern Han Dynasty in China. * It is indeed one of the greatest contributions of ancient China in the development of arts. * **Paper Arts of China** * Paper Cutting * Chinese Knots * Paper Folding * Paper Kites * **Chinese Folk Art** * Chinese folk art is created with materials that are naturally found within the locality. It shows that the Chinese are nature lovers. * Every folk artist has been inspired by the values of simplicity, the ideology of their community, and the emotional and psychological characteristics of their nation throughout major periods in history. * **Knot Tying (China)** * Zhongguo is the Chinese decorative handicraft art that began as a form of Chinese folk art in the Tag and Song Dynasty (960-1279 AD) in China. * **Origami (Japan)** * Came from ori meaning "folding" and kami meaning "paper". * It is the traditional Japanese art of paper folding, started in the 17th century A.D. and was popularized internationally in the mid-1900s * The art of origami means folding paper into decorative or representational forms. ## **Section 5: Introduction to Family Life, Marriage, and Parenting in ASEAN** * **Courtship and Dating** * **Courtship** is a period in a couple’s relationship preceding engagement and marriage: * It is not simply knowing the person but also a test of compatibility. * It allows couples to know if they are ready to be committed * **Dating** is actively getting out there, meeting people and spending time with them. * **Dating someone** means you're seeing somebody specific, with purpose and on a regular basis. * **Importance of Courtship** * It gives time to understand each other. * It reveals one's interests, likes and dislikes, limitations, and aspirations. * It allows a couple to decide if they want to be committed. * It develops security. * It develops understanding and acceptance. * **Marriage** * It is a PROMISE; a covenant to keep the partnership for life not only for the sake of staying together but more for the growth and good of each other and for responsible rearing of children. * Married couples should protect the sanctity of their marriage and must be true to their vows. * **The Executive Order No. 209: The Family Code of the Philippines** * Marriage is a special union between a man and a woman entered into accordance with law for the establishment of conjugal and family life. * the age of majority of the Filipinos is 18 * ages 18 to 21, the written consent of the parent is required. Without the written consent, the marriage is voidable. * **Importance of Dating** * **Dating Provides the Partners with Opportunities to:** * Strengthen the relationship * Know on another better * Know one's strength and weaknesses. * Develp affection and respect for each other * **What are the signs of a healthy relationship?** * A healthy relationship should bring more happiness than stress into your life. * Every relationship experiences stress sometimes, but you'd wish to stop prolonged mental stress on either member of the connection. * **What makes a healthy relationship?** * Trust, Mutual Respect, Honesty, Fondness, Support, Equality, Good Communication. * **Factors Necessary to Consider When Choosing a Lifetime Partner to Work Out With** * **Mental/Emotional Maturity:** The ability of the person to control their emotions, understand their feelings, and make reasonable judgments and decisions based on those feelings. * **Fidelity:** The quality of being faithful and loyal, which is crucial for a lasting relationship. * **Commitment:** Dedication and willingness to invest in the relationship and work through challenges together. * **Love:** A feeling of deep affection, care, and respect for the other person. * **Economic Readiness:** Financial stability and shared financial goals are important for a stable and secure future together. * **Physical Maturity:** The ability to take responsibility for one's physical health and well-being. * **Good Character:** Having positive moral values and principles that guide one's actions and behavior. * **Family** * Is considered a place where you can be yourself. It is a place where you are accepted for what you are. * It is where you are completely tension-free and everyone is there to help you. * **Parenthood** * Is the state of being a parent. * It means being a father or mother of the biological child. * Responsibility is a great task that requires commitment and dedication. * **Factors to Consider When Thinking of Parenthood** * Happiness and stability of the marriage. * Physical and emotional readiness of both partners for parenthood. * Financial stability * **What do We Mean by Responsible Parenthood?** * The will and ability to respond to the needs and aspirations of the family * The decisions couples make to ensure the best possible life for the family and for the community. * The ability of the parents to raise children in the Filipino way and to satisfy the social, economic, and religious responsibilities of a family ***Responsibility of Parenting** * **Provide Education:** It is the duty of parents to nurture their children’s education so that they will acquire knowledge * **Train Children to Become Good Citizens:** To make well-rounded people who contribute positively to society. * **Develop Social Competence in Children:** Children should develop social competence in order to acquire the ability to consider another person’s perspective concerning a situation and learn from past experiences. * **Teach Children to Be Financially Responsible:** Parents should provide opportunities for their children to develop their ability to manage * **Guide Children to Grow Spiritually:** Parents should provide their children with opportunities to develop and grow their whole person by focusing on their spiritual life. * **Parenting also includes the inculcation of values and instilling of discipline.** * **Responsible Parenthood** * The process of deciding how to choose our partners, when to form families, when to have the first child, child spacing, how many children to have in all, etc. * **Duties and Responsibilities of Parents** 1. **Provide Physical Care and Love:** The duties and responsibilities of the parents start during the prenatal stage. The physical, emotional, and mental condition of children depends. 2. **Inculcate Discipline:** The parents should be role models in inculcating discipline in their children. ## **Section 6: Pregnancy** * **A Normal Pregnancy Generally Lasts Until 9 Months or 38 to 40 Weeks** * **Embryo:** developing human from the time that the ovum and the sperm cell unite until the end of the 8th week * **Fetus:** developing human from the 8th week until birth * **Changes in the Mother's Body** * **Produces hormones** that make pregnant woman nauseated (morning sickness) * **Enlarged breasts and prepared to produce milk.** * **Experiences swelling of legs, difficulty in sleeping, restlessness, and irritability.** * **Breastfeeding** * The traditional and ideal form of infant feeding, meeting an infant's nutritional needs for his first four to six months of life * **Lactation:** * The period of milk production initiated by the prolactin hormone in the mammary glands. * **Advantages of Breastfeeding** * It is economical and nutritious * It promotes emotional bonding between the child and the mother * Mother's milk has an antibody that protects the infant from certain diseases. * **Normal Physical Changes and Symptoms Throughout Pregnancy** * **Fatigue** * **Sleep Problems** * **Breast Changes** * **Hair Changes** * **Back Pain/Sciatica** * **Hemorrhoids/Constipation** * **Morning Sickness** * **Heartburn** * **Varicose Veins** * **Leg Cramps** * **Pelvic Ache/Hip Pain** * **Nosebleeds/Bleeding Gums** * **Stretch Marks, Itchiness, and Other Skin Changes** * **Hand Pain, Numbness, or Weakness (Carpal Tunnel Syndrome)** * **Changes in the Vaginal Discharge** ***Pregnancy is divided into three phases, called trimesters.** * **1st Trimester:** week 1- 12; missed menstrual period, breast tenderness, morning sickness, fatigue. * **2nd Trimester:** week 13-27; start to look pregnant and wear maternity clothes, physical discomforts. * **3rd Trimester:** week 28 to giving birth; discomfort as the belly gets bigger, sleep problems. * **Pregnancy-Related Concerns and Prenatal Care** * **New Beginning:** Humans are reproduced through sexual reproduction * **Fertilization:** Is a reproductive process wherein half of genes of the father and mother combine to form a single cell. * **The Importance of Pre-Natal Care** 1. Prenatal check-up is very important not only to monitor the mother's condition but also. 2. The baby's health is monitored by checking the heartbeat, the size and the positioning of the and the fetus. 3. The first six weeks after the birth is very critical for both the mother and the baby, it is also important that we monitor the health of the mother and the baby after birth. 4. The first 24 hours after childbirth is very critical, death in infants usually happens during this time. * **Danger Signs For The Mother:** * Excessive bleeding * Foul smelling vaginal discharge * *Fever with or without chills* * Server abdominal pain * Excessive tiredness or breathlessness * Swollen hands, face, and legs with severe headaches or blurred vision * **Danger Sign For The Baby:** * Convulsions * Movement only when stimulated or no movement, even when stimulated * Not feeling well * Fast breathing (more that 60 breaths per minute), grunting or severe chest-in drawing * Fever above 38c * **Unang Yakap: Essential Newborn Protocol** * Is care that every newborn baby needs regardless of where it is born or its size. * ENC should be applied immediately after the baby is born and continued for at least the first 7 days after birth. ***Time Bound Procedures That Should Be Routinely Performed First:** * Immediate drying * Skin-to-skin contact * Clamping of the cord after 1-3 minutes * Non-separation of the newborn from the mother * Breastfeeding initiation ***Non-Time Bound Interventions That Include:** * Immunizations * Eye care * Vitamin K administration * Weighing * Washing * Routine suctioning * Routine separation of newborn for observation * Administration of prelacteals * **Implantation:** The attachment of the developing cells to the uterus * **Pregnancy:** The time when a new cell is formed during fertilization, grows, and develops into a baby in the woman's uterus. * **Newborn** * Means a child from the time of complete delivery to 30 days old. * **Newborn Screening** * Is a simple procedure to find out. * **When is NBS Done?** * NBS is ideally done on the 48th to 72nd hour of life. However, it may also be done. * **How to Take Care of a Pregnant Woman:** * Accompany her in a daily exercise * Makes her relax by listening to music * Gives her lots of water to drink * Gives her nutritious food to eat * Checks if she sleeps by lying on the left side of her body * Accompany her during regular and as needed prenatal checkups * **Nourishing the Baby:** * The fetus gets its nutrition from food the mother eats. * To ensure the health of the fetus, the mother needs to eat healthy foods and takes special vitamins. * She should get regular medical checkups to protect. ***Breastmilk** * Is the best food since it contains essential nutrients suitable for the infant's needs * It is the nature's first immunization, enabling the infant potentially to fight serious infections. * **Apgar** * Stands for "Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration," and is used to check a baby's health. * Scored on a scale of 0 to 2, with 2 being the best score. * APGAR Score assesses newborns 1 minute and 5 minutes after they are born. * APGAR scores are important because they can help doctors identify babies who need additional medical care. * **Complications of Pregnancy:** * **Nausea/Improper Body Weight:** Small frequent feedings instead of three large meals and high carbohydrates, low fat foods such as crackers and jelly and liquids should be taken between meals * **Toxemia(blood poison):** Proper nutrition, intake of iron and folic acid as prescribed by. * **Morning Sickness :** Intake of folic acid as prescribed by the doctor * **Anemia(RBC deficiency):** Proper nutrition * **Diabetes:** Fluid intake, proper nutrition, and exercise * **Constipation:** Fluid intake, eat fruits and vegetables, fiber foods. * **Contraception and Family Planning:** * **What is Contraceptive? *Various Methods to Prevent Pregnancy*** * **Modern Family Planning Methods:** * **1. Combined Oral Contraceptives (COCs) Or "The Pill"** * Contains two hormones (estrogen and progestogen). * It prevents the discharge of eggs from the ovaries (ovulation). * **2. *Progestogen-Only Pills (POPs) Or "The Minipill"* ** * Contains only progestogen hormone, not estrogen. * It prevents sperm from meeting the egg and prevents ovulation. * **3. *Implants*** * A flexible rod placed under the Progestogen only injectable. Prevents the release of eggs from the ovaries (ovulation). * **4. *Progestogen Only Injectable*** * It is injected into the muscle or under the skin every 2 or 3 months, depending on the product. * It prevents sperm from meeting the egg and prevents ovulation. * **5. *Monthly Injectable Or Combined Injectable Contraceptives (CIC)*** * A monthly injection into the muscle, contains estrogen and progestogen * It prevents the release of eggs from the ovaries (ovulation). * **6. *The Combined Contraceptive Patch and Combined Contraceptive Vaginal Ring (CVR)*** * It continuously releases two hormones - a progestin and an estrogen - either directly through the skin (patch) or from the ring. * It prevents the release of eggs from the ovaries (ovulation). * **7. *Intrauterine Device (IUD): Copper Containing*** * It is a small elastic plastic device containing copper sleeves or wire that is inserted into the uterus. * The copper component impairs sperm and prevents it from meeting the egg. * **8. *Intrauterine Device (IUD): Levonorgestrel*** * It is a T-shaped plastic device inserted into the uterus that steadily discharges small amounts of levonorgestrel every day. ***9. *Male Condoms * ** * Sheaths or coverings that fit over an erected man's penis * It forms a barrier to stop the sperm and egg from meeting. * **10. *Female Condoms*** * A barrier device inserted into the vagina; it prevents sperm from meeting the egg. * **11. *Female Sterilization (Tubal Ligation)*** * The fallopian tubes were cut that causes permanent contraception. Eggs are blocked. * **12. *Male Sterilization (Vasectomy)*** * It’s a permanent contraception. * **13. Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM)** * A temporary contraception for new mothers whose monthly bleeding has not yet returned. * It prevents the release of eggs from the ovaries (ovulation). * **14. *Standard Days Method Or SDM* ** * The cycle beads are employed by women to track their. * It helps avoid pregnancy from unprotected. * **15. *Two Day Method*** * The presence of cervical mucus are. * **16. *Basal Body Temperature (BBT) Method*** * Each morning before getting out of bed, the woman takes her body temperature. ***Effects of Overpopulation** * Lack of Water * Lower Life Expectancy * Resource Consumption * Increased Intensive Farming * Faster Climate Change * **Family Size** * **Small Family** Parents and at most two (2) children. * **Big Family:** Parents and three (3) or more children, and other members. * **Family Structures** * **Nuclear Families:** Have parents and at least. * **Blended Families:** Are made when two families combine <start_of_image>-*This educational document illustrates that raising a family and living together is a challenging but rewarding endeavor. By understanding the importance of family relationships, the challenges and joys of parenting, and the responsible choices involved in family planning, individuals can contribute to creating a happy and healthy family dynamic that benefits both themselves and society."*