Manner of Articulation PDF

Manner of Articulation  Manner of articulation The way the airstream is affected as it flows from the lungs and out of the mouth or the nose. Stops/ Plosives Stops consonants are sounds made by completely blocking the flow of air and followed by releasing the air....

Manner of Articulation  Manner of articulation The way the airstream is affected as it flows from the lungs and out of the mouth or the nose. Stops/ Plosives Stops consonants are sounds made by completely blocking the flow of air and followed by releasing the air. Full obstruction Sudden release Plosives make audible plosion (a burst of noise ).  Manner of Plosives articulation To produce plosives, there are four phases : 1) The closing phase: When the articulator or articulators move to form the stricture for the plosive. 2) The compression phase: When the compressed air is stopped from escaping. 3) The release phase: When the articulators used to form the stricture are moved so as to allow air to escape. 4) The post-release phase: What happens immediately after.  Stops Voiceless stops /p/ Voiced stops /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/  Manner of Plosives articulation All six plosives can occur at the beginning of a word (initial position), between other sounds (medial position) and at the end of a word (final position). Initial position: tip /tɪp/ Medial position: act /ækt/ Final position: stop /stɒp/  Manner of Plosives articulation Initial position: The release of /p/ /t/ /k/ (voiceless stops) is followed by audible plosion - that is, a burst of noise (making a sound like h). This is called Aspiration. Voiceless stops are aspirated when they appear at the beginning of a word and followed by a vowel. Examples: put /phʊt/ ten /then/ cat /khæt/  Manner of Plosives articulation Initial position: /b/ /d/ /g/ The release of /b/ /d/ /g/ is followed by weak plosion. There is no Aspiration. Examples: bed /bed/ dig /dɪg/ guess /ges/ In initial position, /b/ /d/ /g/ cannot be preceded by any consonant, but /p/ /t/ /k/ may be preceded by /s/. When one of /p/ /t/ /k/ is preceded by /s/ it is unaspirated. Examples: top /thɒp/ (aspirated) stop /stɒp/  Manner of Plosives articulation Medial position: The pronunciation of /p/ /t/ /k/ and /b/ /d/ /g/ in medial position depends to some extent on whether the syllables preceding and following the plosive are stressed.  Manner of Plosives articulation Final position: Final /b/ /d/ /g/ normally have little voicing. /p/ /t/ /k/ are always voiceless. The plosion following the release of /p/ /t/ /k/ and /b/ /d/ /g/ is very weak and often not audible. The difference between /p/ /t/ /k/ and /b/ /d/ /g/ is primarily the fact that vowels preceding /p/ /t/ /k/ are much shorter. back /bæk/ bag /bæ:g/ Fricatives Consonants with the characteristic that air escapes through a narrow passage and makes a hissing sound / a type of friction (Partial Obstruction). Voiceless fricatives /f/ Voiced fricatives /v/ /θ/ /ð/ /s/ /z/  Affricates Complex consonants, which begin as plosives and end as fricatives. They often have rounded lips Voiceless affricate /tʃ/ Voiced affricate/dʒ/ Nasal stops Most sounds are produced orally, with the velum raised. Nasal consonants are produced when the velum is lowered, and the air escapes through the nose. /m/ /n/ /ŋ/  Manner of articulation Approximants /l/ /r/ /j/ /w/ An approximant, as a type of consonant, is difficult to describe; informally, we can say that it is an articulation in which the articulators approach each other but do not get sufficiently close to each other to produce a “complete” consonant such as a plosive, nasal or fricative.  Approximants /l/ and /r/ are liquids. They are formed by letting the air flow around the sides of the tongue as the tip touches (near) the alveolar ridge. The /l/ consonant is a lateral approximate. The passage of air through the mouth does not go in the usual way along the centre of the tongue; instead, there is complete closure between the centre of the /r/ red  Manner of articulation Approximants The /l/ can be clear, dark or devoiced. Clear /l/ occurs before vowels as in leaf. Dark /l/ (velarized) occurs when it precedes a consonant as in field. Devoiced /l/ occurs when preceded by /p/ /k/ in a stressed syllable as in play.  Manner of articulation Approximants The /r/ consonant is a retroflex approximate. The tip of the tongue is raised and curled backwards. It approaches the alveolar area in approximately the way it would for a /t/ or /d/, but never actually makes contact with any part of the roof of the mouth.  Manner of articulation Approximants The /r/ consonant can also be voiceless fricatives when it occurs at the beginning of a syllable and preceded by /p/, /t/, /k/. Examples: trees press When articulating the /r/ consonant, it is usual for the lips to be slightly rounded.  Approximants /w/ and /j/ are glides. The voiced sounds [w] and [j] are described as glides because they are produced with the tongue in motion (or “gliding”) to or from the position of a vowel.  Approximants They are also called semi vowels /j/ is practically the same as the vowel /i/. yet /w/ is practically the same as the vowel /u/. wet https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W50Ojdu1_AE Thank You