MANIA Causes of WWI PPT 1.pptx

World War I  GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT WWI Started on July 28, 1914 Ended November 11, 1918 Almost 8 million died because of the war – Russia having the most : 1.7 million 22,000,000 wounded MAP OF EUROPE GREATLY CHANGED  Causes of WWI – MANIA! Militarism - policy of...

World War I  GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT WWI Started on July 28, 1914 Ended November 11, 1918 Almost 8 million died because of the war – Russia having the most : 1.7 million 22,000,000 wounded MAP OF EUROPE GREATLY CHANGED  Causes of WWI – MANIA! Militarism - policy of building up a strong military to prepare for war (ARMS RACE) Alliances – agreements between nations to provide aid and protect one another European powers formed rival alliances to protect themselves Nationalism – extreme pride in one’s country Imperialism – when one country takes over another country economically and politically. Assassination – of Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand  MILITARISM World War I was the first war in which advanced weaponry and tactics were used There was a race for creating more weapons of mass destruction among nations There was a desire to create a large amount of weapons as well as building up a nation’s army and navy Triple Alliance vs. Triple Entente The Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria- Hungary and Italy was counter-balanced by the Triple Entente of France, Russia, and Great Britain. As a result, by 1907 Europe was divided into two armed and rather fearful camps.  Alliances Triple Alliance Triple Entente  Nationalism The French Revolution had spread nationalism throughout most of Europe – The idea that people with the same ethnic origins, language, and political ideals had the right to form sovereign states through the process of self-determination MAIN IDEA OF NATIONALISM  Nationalism STRONG IN THE BALKAN AREA Ottoman Empire  ruled the Balkan area for 400 years Balkans – Albanians, Greeks, Romanians, and Slav – Each group was struggling for their own independence BOSNIA – Area of great hostility Austria- Hungary annexed Bosnia as one of its territories in 1908 Serbia was newly independent and thought that Bosnia should be one of their territories – THIS BECAME AN AREA OF CONFLICT  Imperialism Virtually all the major powers were engaged in a scramble for empire to bolster their economies The fiercest competition was between Britain and Germany and between France and Germany  Imperialism Great Britain, Germany and France needed foreign markets after the increase in manufacturing caused by the Industrial Revolution. These countries competed for economic expansion in Africa. Clash of France against Germany and Britain in North Africa In the Middle East, the crumbling (collapsing)Ottoman Empire was alluring to Austria-Hungary, the Balkans and Russia.  Balkhan Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Kosovo,, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, and Slovenia.  Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers to form the Triple Alliance with the signing of the August 1914 Turco-German Alliance. Turkey formally entered World War I on 28 October 1914 with the bombing of Russian Black Sea ports. The Triple Entente, or Allied Powers, declared war on theOttoman Empire on November 4.  European Conquest of Africa  The “Spark”  THE BLACK HAND Black Hand: Serbian nationalist group The main objective of the Black Hand was the creation, by means of violence, of a Greater Serbia.  Assassination Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Duchess Sophie at Sarajevo, Bosnia, on June 28th, 1914.  Austrian Archduke Franz F erdinand was killed in Bosnia by a Serbian nationalist group called the Black Hand who believed that Bosnia should belong to Serbia.  Domino Effect Austria Hungary blamed Serbia for Ferdinand’s death and declared war on Serbia. Germany pledged their support for Austria -Hungary. Russia pledged their support for Serbia.  Domino Effect Germany declares war on Russia. France pledges their support for Russia. Germany declares war on France. Germany invades Belgium on the way to France. Great Britain supports Belgium and declares war on Germany. COMBATANTS(countries engaged in war) OF Central Powers WWI Allied Powers Russia Germany France Austria- World World War War II Great Britain Hungary Italy Ottoman Empire Japan Bulgaria United States (1917)  Why was WWI a Stalemate? What’s a stalemate? – Neither side can make a move to win- any position or situation in which no action can be taken or progress made; deadlock: Both sides of the war threw arms and troops in to win but………… Millions die without gaining ground.  What new weapons were used in WWI? Machine gun Poison gas (Mustard gas) Carried by the wind Burned out soldier’s lungs Deadly in the trenches where it would sit at the bottom Submarine Airplane Tank Hand grenades(bullets) Flame Throwers(a weapon that sprays out burning fuel.) Why these weapons? Why now? INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION!  Trench Warfare Trench Warfare – type of fighting during World War I in which both sides dug trenches protected by mines and barbed(pointed) wire  Trenches were dug from English Channel to Switzerland 6,250 miles 6 to 8 feet deep Immobilized both sides for 4 years MYTH REALITY THE TRENCH SYSTEM Front line Communication trench Support trenches No Mans Land Barbed wire BRITISH TRENCH  LIFE IN THE TRENCHES Elaborate Boredom systems of – Soldiers read to defense pass the time – barbed wire – Sarah Bernhardt – Concrete machine (French stage actress) gun nests came out to the – Mortar batteries front to read – Troops lived in poetry to the holes underground soldiers  “Death is Everywhere” “We all had on us the stench of dead bodies.” Death numbed the soldier’s minds. Shell shock (mental anguish) Psychological devastation “Never such innocence again” Bitterness towards aristocratic officers whose lives were never in danger TRENCH FOOT OTHER WWI WEAPONRY Used to stop stalemate “BIG BERTHA” German submarines, called U-boats, torpedoed enemy ships and neutral ships trading with the enemy. German U-Boat torpedoes a British ship In 1915, a German submarine torpedoed the Lusitania, a British passenger ship, killing approximately 1,200 people, including 128 Americans. WWI AIRCRAFT SPAD VII Curtiss Jenny