Managers and Management PDF

1 Chapte r Managers and Managem ent Copyright ©2011 Pearson Education Learning Outcomes Tell who managers are and where they work Define management Describe what managers do Explain why it’s important to study management Describe the factors that are reshaping...

1 Chapte r Managers and Managem ent Copyright ©2011 Pearson Education Learning Outcomes Tell who managers are and where they work Define management Describe what managers do Explain why it’s important to study management Describe the factors that are reshaping and redefining management Copyright ©2011 Pearson 1-2 Education Who Are Managers? Where Do They Work? Organization – A deliberate arrangement of people brought together to accomplish some are deliberate arrangements of people to accomplish a specific purpose. Common Characteristics of Organizations – Distinct purpose – People working together – A deliberate systematic structure Copyright ©2011 Pearson 1-3 Education Copyright ©2011 Pearson 1-4 Education How Are Managers Different from Nonmanagerial Employees? Nonmanagerial Employees – People who work directly on a job or task and have no responsibility for overseeing the work of others. – Examples, associates, team members Managers – Individuals in organizations who direct the activities of others. Copyright ©2011 Pearson 1-5 Education Copyright ©2011 Pearson 1-6 Education What Titles Do Managers Have? Top Managers – Responsible for making decisions about the direction of the organization. – Examples; President, Chief Executive Officer, Vice-President Middle Managers – Manage the activities of other managers. – Examples; District Manager, Division Manager First-line Managers – Responsible for directing monmanagerial employees – Examples; Supervisor, Team Leader Team leader Team leader—the individual who are responsible for managing and facilitating the activities of a work time.Usually he will report to the first-line manager. Copyright ©2011 Pearson 1-7 Education What Is Management? Management – The process of getting things done effectively and efficiently, with and through people Effectiveness – “Doing the right things”, doing those tasks that help an organization reach its goals Efficiency – Concerned with the means, efficient use of resources like people, money, and equipment Copyright ©2011 Pearson 1-8 Education Copyright ©2011 Pearson 1-9 Education What Do Managers Do? In the functions approach proposed by French industrialist Henri Fayol, all managers perform certain activities or functions Copyright ©2011 Pearson 1-10 Education Four Management Functions Planning – Defining the organizational purpose and ways to achieve it Organizing – Arranging and structuring work to accomplish organizational goals Leading – Directing the work activities of others Controlling – Monitoring, comparing, and correcting work performance Copyright ©2011 Pearson 1-11 Education Copyright ©2011 Pearson 1-12 Education What Roles Do Managers Play? Henry Mintzberg observed that a manager’s job can be described by ten roles performed by managers in three general categories Interpersonal Roles – Figurehead, Leader, and Liaison Informational Roles – Monitor, Disseminator and Spokesperson Decisional roles – Entrepreneur, Disturbance Handler, Resource Allocator and Negotiator Copyright ©2011 Pearson 1-13 Education Copyright ©2011 Pearson 1-14 Education What Skills Do Managers Need? Robert Katz and others describe four critical skills in managing Conceptual Skills – Used to analyze complex situations Interpersonal Skills – Used to communicate, motivate, mentor and delegate Technical Skills – Based on specialized knowledge required for work Political Skills – Used to build a power base and establish connections Copyright ©2011 Pearson 1-15 Education Is The Manager’s Job Universal? The previous discussion describe management as a generic activity. In reality, a manager’s job varies with along several dimensions Level in the Organization – Top level managers do more planning than supervisors Profit vs. Nonprofit – Management performance is measured on different objectives Copyright ©2011 Pearson 1-16 Education Is the Manager’s Job Universal? (cont’d) Size of the Organization – Small businesses require an emphasis in the management role of spokesperson National Borders – These concepts work best in English-speaking countries and may need to be modified in other global environments Copyright ©2011 Pearson 1-17 Education Copyright ©2011 Pearson 1-18 Education Copyright ©2011 Pearson 1-19 Education Why Study Management? All of us have a vested interest in improving the way organizations are managed Organizations that are well managed find ways to prosper even in challenging economic times After graduation most students become managers or are managed Copyright ©2011 Pearson 1-20 Education What Factors Are Reshaping and Redefining Management? Welcome to the new world of management! Today managers must deal with – Changing workplaces – Ethical and trust issues – Global economic uncertainties – Changing technologies Copyright ©2011 Pearson 1-21 Education Why Are Customers Important to the Manager’s Job? Without customers most organizations would cease to exist Today we’re discovering that employee attitudes and behaviors play a big part in customer satisfaction Managers must create a customer responsive where employees are friendly, knowledgeable, responsive g to customer needs Copyright ©2011 Pearson 1-22 Education Why Is Innovation Important to the Manager’s Job? “Nothing is more risky than not innovating” Innovation isn’t just important for high technology companies but essential in all types of organizations. Managers himself $ encourage employee to be innovative Copyright ©2011 Pearson 1-23 Education  Importance of social media to the manager’s job Social media _forms of electronic communication through which users create online communities to share ideas, information, personal message ,and other content. social platforms include Face book,twitter,youtube,linkedin,etc.employee use them in personal life and work. Many business are turning to social media not just as a way to connect with customer but also the way to manage human resource and tap into innovation and talent. Copyright ©2011 Pearson 1-24 Education  importance of sustainability to the manager’s job Sustainability _company’s ability to achieve its business goal and increase long term share-holder value by integrating economic,environment,and social opportunities into its business strategies. Copyright ©2011 Pearson 1-25 Education What Can Students of Management Learn From Other Courses? Anthropology – The study of social societies which helps us learn about humans and their activities Economics – Provides us with an understanding of the changing economy and competition in a global context Copyright ©2011 Pearson 1-26 Education What Can Students of Management Learn From Other Courses? (cont’d) Philosophy Psychology – Inquires into the – The science that nature of things, seeks to measure, particularly values explain and and ethics sometimes change the behavior of humans Political Science Sociology – The study of – The study of people behavior and groups in relationship to their within a political fellow human beings environment Copyright ©2011 Pearson 1-27 Education History Module A Brief History of Management’s Roots Copyright ©2011 Pearson 1-28 Education Early Management Management has been practiced a long time. Organized endeavors directed by people responsible for planning, organizing, leading and controlling have existed for thousands of years Copyright ©2011 Pearson 1-29 Education Classical Approaches Scientific Management – Frederick W. Taylor described scientific management as a method of scientifically finding the “one best way to do a job” Copyright ©2011 Pearson 1-30 Education Other Classic Approaches General Administrative Theory – focused on what constituted good management – Max Weber (pictured) described the bureaucracy as an ideal rational form of organization – Henri Fayol identified five management functions and 14 management principles Copyright ©2011 Pearson 1-31 Education Behavioral Approaches Early management writers included – Robert Owen, was concerned about deplorable working conditions – Hugo Munsterberg, a pioneer the field of industrial psychology – Mary Parker Follett recognized hat organizations could be viewed from both individual and group behavior. Copyright ©2011 Pearson 1-32 Education The Hawthorne Studies Conducted at the Western Electric Company Works these studies: – Provided new insights into individual and group behavior in the behavior of people at work. – Concluded that group pressures can significantly impact individual productivity Copyright ©2011 Pearson 1-33 Education Quantitative Approaches Quantitative Approach – Used quantitative techniques to improve decision making – Evolved from mathematical and statistical solutions developed for military problems during World War II – W. Edwards Deming and Joseph M. Duran ‘s ideas became the basis for total quality management (TQM) Copyright ©2011 Pearson 1–34 Education Contemporary Approaches Focused on managers’ concerns inside the organization – Chester Barnard wrote in his 1938 book The Functions of the Executive that an organization functioned as a cooperative system – Fred Feildler first popularized the contingency approach (or situational approach) which says that organizations, employees, and situations are different and require different ways of managing Copyright ©2011 Pearson 1-35 Education Copyright ©2011 Pearson 1-36 Education