Managing IT Resources.pdf

Managing IT Resources Module 1 Flex Learning A combination of F2F classes and home-based learning. Active Learning The principle of learning by doing. Problem Oriented and Research-based Learning discern and understand deeper create meaningful conclusions and decisions...

Managing IT Resources Module 1 Flex Learning A combination of F2F classes and home-based learning. Active Learning The principle of learning by doing. Problem Oriented and Research-based Learning discern and understand deeper create meaningful conclusions and decisions greatly improves critical thinking Module 2 Information Technology ( IT ) Using a computer system to access information Manipulation of information using technology. Role of IT Provide foundation for our workforce. Support business functionality and work efficiency. Management How we organize the direct workflow, operations and employees to meet company goals. Resource Management Planning, Scheduling, and Allocating people, money, and technology to a program or a project. Enabling Technology To generate giant leaps in performance and capabilities of the user by using technology. IT allows advantages not possible before operational, strategic, and competitive advantages  Operational dependency is related to the organization's EFFICIENCY. Occurs when time, volume or other physical conditions make the IT unique to perform a task. Strategic impact is related to the organization's EFFECTIVENESS. Occurs when a policy, strategy, or product uniquely requires IT for its implementation. Impact of IT on Operations IT is used in schools, offices, stores, transportation, hospitals, etc. IT in business helps to easily manage data and get meaningful information from the increasing volume of data. IT can increase productivity and improve employees working environment and experiences. IT allows companies or organizations to effectively and efficiently manage large amount of data and easily extract information from a huge volume of data accumulated throughout the years of operations. IT provides competitive advantages when used effectively and efficiently. Strategic Impact of IT Education Dynamic and interactive tools to engage with students that the traditional way couldn't do. Online classes / courses. Business Used in different departments including human resources, finance, manufacturing, and security. View and study information globally far faster than before. Manage software and hardware to keep their system updated. To keep up with the supply and demand of consumers. Finance Heavily used in office management and internet transactions. Faster and easier to send and receive money. Use of shopping platforms for selling products online. View credit information securely online. Health Care Provide advanced and improved patient care. Send and receive digital medical information. Lowered cost and increase time for patient care.  Data Security Use of password and encryption to secure personal / sensitive information. Information Architecture Practice of arranging the parts of "something" to be understandable. IA EVERYWHERE Found EVERYWHERE: websites, apps, printed materials, physical places we spend time in. Helps understand the surroundings and find what we are looking for. Making things for others = practicing IA. Foundation for User Experience Design Important skill within UX and other disciplines such as content strategy, technical writing, library science and interaction design. Key Issues in Managing IT Resources Information Architecture How well you understand the business environment. How well your company use the information. Database Administration How well you manage your business data so that it can provide your decision- makers timely and relevant meaningful information. Planning How well you prepared for potential problems and changes that may affect your company's operations. Human Resources and Training How well you select and manage your staff and managers that fits to the needs of the company and able contribute to the ever changing business environment. Technology Infrastructure and Competitive Advantages How well you manage and use IT infrastructures to support the needs of the company in order to become competitive in the industry. Organization Alignment How well the organization is designed and prepared to become competent in the use of IT in their daily operations.  Software Development How well the developed system fit and support the task of the company in its daily activities. Module 3 System group of interdependent items that interact regularly to perform a task. an established or organized procedure; a method. a computer system that refers to the hardware and software components that run a computer/s. Etymology from the Greek word Systema meaning an organized relationship between any set of components to achieve some common cause or objective. - procedure / method Constraints Requires a structure and behavior to achieve an objective. must have a clear purpose and function Interconnectivity and interdependence among components every part of system must support each other Objectives of the organization have higher priority than the objectives of subsystems the system is designed to only serve the needs of the organization. Models Schematic A 2D chart that shows system elements and their linkages. Used to show information flow, material flow and information feedback. Organization Charts Provide snapshots of a company's structure at one particular point in time. Flow System Shows the orderly flow of the material, energy, and information that hold the system together. Program Evaluation and Review Technique ( PERT ) Used to represent a real world system in model form.  Static System Represent one pair of relationships such as activity-time or cost-quantity. Gantt Chart Used to visualize an activity-time relationship. Dynamic System Approximates the type of organization or application that analysts deal with. Business Organization An establishment intended to carry commercial business by producing goods or services and meet the customers' needs. Categories of Information Strategic Information ( DSS - Decision Support System ) Required by the topmost management. For long range planning policies for next few years. Financial Investments Trends in Revenues Human Resourcecs Population Growth Managerial Information ( MIS - Management Information Systems ) Required by middle management. For short and immediate range planning which is in terms of months. Sales Analysis Cash Flow Projection Annual Financial Statements Operational Information ( DPS - Data Processing Systems ) Required by low management. For daily and short term planning to enforce day to day activities. Employee Attendance Records Overdue Purchase Orders Current Stocks Available Information System An integration of components for collection, storage and processing of data used to provide information, contribute to knowledge as well as digital products that facilitate decision making. Elements Input the data entered to the system Output the processed data turned into information Processor the actual transformation of input into output Control the decision-making subsystem that controls the pattern of activities governing input, processing and output Feedback provides the controller with information for action Environment is the "supersystem" within an organization operates Types Department Information Systems or Functional Area Information Systems Designed to be operated within a single traditional functional department of an organization Enterprise Resource Planning ( ERP ) System Aims to support the entire organization's needs with essentially a single integrated system. Transaction Processing Systems ( TPS ) Gather data on business events in "real-time" as they occur. Management Information Systems ( MIS ) Used for decision-making, and for the coordination, control, analysis, and visualization of information in an organization. Decision Support System ( DSS ) A computerized program used to support determinations, judgements, and courses of action in an organization or a business..  Expert Systems ( ES ) A computer program that uses artificial intelligence ( AI ) technologies to simulate the judgement and behavior f a human or an organization that has expert knowledge and experience in a particular field. Executive Information Systems ( EIS ) / Executive Support System ( ESS ) A type of management support system that facilitates and supports senior executive information and decision making needs. Inter-organizational System ( IOS ) Connects two organizations. Electronic Commerce / E-Commerce Refers to sales transactions performed by a computer-based information system without direct human help. Information Technology use of computers to store or retrieve data and information. used within the context of business operations. it is a subset of Information and communications technology ( ICT ) Elements People the users and persons involved Procedure the methods and processes performed Data data entered and processed to become a meaningful information Software the computer applications and system used Hardware devices and peripherals used Trends IT as a Commodity/Product Software Engineering Substitutes Organization Competitiveness Transformation Module 4 Role of IT in the Modern Organization Use of computer technology in business or organization Communication between Employees Suppliers and Customers Use of technology as a way to communicate with customers. live chat systems emails online meeting tools video conferencing systems Voice Over Internet Protocol ( VOIP ) Even more high-tech ways to communicate with telephones and smartphones Inventory Management Systems maintain stock records to meet the demand of business without investing in more track quantity of items maintained Point of Sales ( POS ) ensures that each time items sold, one of that item is removed from the inventory count, creating information loop between all departments Data Management Systems digitalize written documents make it available anytime, anywhere by everyone in the company in real-time Management Information Systems enables to track sales data, expenses and productivity levels. info is used to track profitability over time, maximize return on investment and identify areas of improvement. Customer Relationship Management Systems ( CRM ) capture every interaction with a customer to improve and enhance the customer experience. IT in Business Objectives Product Development Computer-assisted design and manufacturing software speeds up the decision making and collaborative technologies. Allows working on a project simultaneously.  Stakeholder Communication Provide real-time interconnectivity 24/7. Websites are used to communicate with company's shareholders, employees, and customers. Process Improvement Enterprise Resource Planning ( ERP ) Systems Allows managers to review sales costs and other operating metrics in one integrated platform, usually in real-time. Cost Efficiencies Reduce transaction and implementation costs. Cost Savings and Competitive Advantage Gain and maintain a competitive advantage in the marketplace by saving cost. Globalization Provide operational and financial flexibility to grow locally and globally. Importance Decision Making Data accuracy by minimizing the risk of human errors. Useful information from IT tools. Marketing and Business Growth Marketing enables the management to identify its target audience and observe trends and needs. Digital Marketing modern phenomenon that let company promote their products/services globally. Customer Support and Satisfaction Provide real-time customer support services Identify customer needs, trends, behaviors, and satisfaction level. Provide channels to communicate with customers SMS/MMS Email Video Conference Social Media  Resource Management and Globalization Managing all resources that include tangible, financial or human resources. Resource management solutions run on the desktop, internet and cloud technology Idea of Globalization Cloud-based ERP ( Enterprise Resource Planning ) solutions is used to manage and monitor resources anywhere in the world by using their laptops, pc, tablets, smartphones. Competing in the Digital Economy Networking interconnection of multiple computers and specifically the internet. Early 1980's FedEx use of high-performance package delivery network using aircraft. World Wide Web Network browsable "hypertext" Mid 1980's Email WWW internet connectivity Databases linked to websites Digitizable Products delivered over network Internet global network environment collection of interconnected networks Intranet network within an organization Extranet one or more interconnected intranets that bridging multiple organization but not openly accessible to those outside E-Commerce computer/network mediated business transactions Examples of IT offering opportunities or challenges to companies  Amazon.com Based on IT and WWW ( World Wide Web ) originally sold books Had limited selection of best-selling books and carry out a huge, slow moving inventory. WWW provide efficient way to browse the catalogue Inventory System helped concentrate inventory Information System streamline the "picking" and shipping orders. Deliver via efficient package network carriers Could not exist without modern IT 7-11 Brought out of bankruptcy Had a chaotic supply system that is made stronger with IT component. Sears / Kmart Struggled with integrating systems to their IT infrastructures. WalMart and Target Advantage through more efficient operations and can get further ahead by adding new technology. Moral right IT tools can be a key "competitive advantage" IT Department ( ISD - Information Systems Division ) should evolve into a "partner" with marketing, finance, and/or operations. Changing and upgrading systems can be really painful. As well as waiting too long to put in a system. There's no magic formula for how firms should approach IT Basic understanding of the technology is the key to making good decisions about it.