M9 Multiple Choice Questions: Human Factors and Aviation Safety PDF

M9 multiple choice questions: [Chapter 1 Questions] **[Page 1]** 1. What percentage of aircraft accidents are now attributed to human factors? - a\) 30% - b\) 50% - **c) 70%** 2. What is the primary aim of ergonomics? - a\) To increase workload - **b) To...

M9 multiple choice questions: [Chapter 1 Questions] **[Page 1]** 1. What percentage of aircraft accidents are now attributed to human factors? - a\) 30% - b\) 50% - **c) 70%** 2. What is the primary aim of ergonomics? - a\) To increase workload - **b) To improve safety and performance** - c\) To reduce costs 3. Which of the following is NOT considered a component of the \"Person\" in the context of human factors? - **a) Financial Status** - b\) Physical aspects - c\) Mental aspects 4. Which of the following is an example of a psychological factor in the work environment? - a\) Lighting - **b) Management** - c\) Temperature 5. What is the definition of Human Factors? - a\) The design of aircraft - **b) The study of human capabilities and limitations in the workplace** - c\) The manufacturing of equipment **[Page 2]** 6. Which of the following is NOT typically included in the study of human factors? - a\) Anthropometrics - b\) Cognition - **c) Politics** 7. What does Anthropometrics study? - **a) Human body measurements and proportions** - b\) Human perception - c\) Human memory 8. What does the \"L\" in the SHEL model represent? - a\) Software - **b) Liveware (the worker)** - c\) Hardware 9. In the SHEL model, what does \"S\" stand for? - **a) Software** - b\) Support - c\) System 10. Which of the following is an example of a hardware component in the SHEL model? - a\) Manuals - b\) Checklists - **c) Tools** **[Page 3]** 11. What was the primary cause of the Aloha Airlines Flight 243 incident? - a\) Engine Failure - **b) Structural Failure** - c\) Pilot Error 12. How many cracks were found in the aircraft\'s skin during the post-accident investigation of Aloha Airlines Flight 243? - a\) 50 - b\) 100 - **c) Over 240** 13. Approximately what percentage of accidents were attributed to human error in surveys conducted between 1940 and 1975?\ \* a) 30%\ \* b) 50%\ \* **c) 70%** 14. The Sears study, conducted in the USA, looked at significant accident causes in how many aircraft accidents? - a\) 53 - **b) 93** - c\) 133 15. The Aloha Airlines Flight 243 incident led to: - a\) New engine designs - **b) A US research program focusing on human factors in aircraft maintenance inspections** - c\) Changes in pilot training **[Page 4]** 16. What was the primary cause of the BA5390 incident? - **a) Faulty bolts** - b\) Engine failure - c\) Pilot error 17. During the BA5390 incident, what happened to the commander? - a\) He safely landed the aircraft - **b) He was sucked halfway out of the windscreen** - c\) He was unharmed 18. What mistake did the Shift Maintenance Manager (SMM) make in the BA5390 incident? - a\) He forgot to install the windscreen - **b) He used the wrong bolts** - c\) He used the wrong tools 19. Which of the following was NOT a human factor contributing to the BA5390 incident? - a\) Perceptual Errors - b\) Poor Lighting - **c) Bad Weather** 20. What is the meaning of Murphy\'s Law? - **a) \"If anything can go wrong, it will go wrong\"** - b\) Everything will be okay - c\) Accidents cannot be avoided **[Page 5]** 21. What happened to the pilot in the BA5390 incident described on this page? - a\) The pilot safely landed the aircraft - **b) Pilot was sucked halfway out of the aircraft due to decompression** - c\) The pilot sustained minor injuries 22. One of the contributing factors to the BA5390 incident was: - **a) Time Pressure** - b\) Engine failure - c\) Pilot error 23. Which question was NOT raised in regards to the BA5390 incident? - a\) Should shift planning have ensured full staffing? - b\) Was a backup aircraft or team needed to avoid time pressure? - **c) Could the pilots have reacted quicker?** 24. What caused the decompression event? - **a) Windscreen blew out due to incorrect bolts** - b\) Engine failure - c\) Pilot error 25. At what altitude did the windscreen blow out? - **a) 17,000 feet** - b\) 7,000 feet - c\) 27,000 feet **[Page 6]** 26. What is the Swiss Cheese Model used to illustrate? - a\) How accidents are caused by a single error - **b) How unrelated errors line up to create a failure** - c\) How cheese is made in Switzerland 27. What is the importance of record-keeping in crash investigations? - **a) To track aircraft\'s history and identify where errors occurred** - b\) To assign blame to individuals - c\) To hide mistakes 28. According to the text, what is the typical cause of accidents? - a\) A single, major mistake - **b) A series of errors occurring in a particular sequence** - c\) Random chance 29. According to statistical data, how many precursor events can occur before a major accident? - a\) 60 - b\) 300 - **c) 600** 30. What can errors in the Swiss Cheese Model be described as? - **a) Unrelated** - b\) Always related - c\) Never related **[Page 7]** 31. According to the Sears Report (1959-1983), what percentage of accidents were caused by maintenance errors? - **a) 12%** - b\) 20% - c\) 50% 32. According to the Boeing Study (1982-1991), what percentage of accidents were caused by maintenance errors? - a\) 12% - **b) 20%** - c\) 50% 33. According to the NTSB Study (2000), what percentage of accidents were caused by maintenance errors? - a\) 12% - b\) 20% - **c) 50%** 34. According to MOR Reports, what was the most common failure? - **a) Incorrect fitment of components** - b\) Forgetting to complete tasks - c\) Engine Failure 35. According to Boeing Reports, what was the most common maintenance error? - a\) Incorrect fitment of components - **b) Omission errors (forgetting to complete tasks)** - c\) Engine Failure **[Page 8]** 36. What is the error chain? - a\) A sequence of correct actions - **b) A series of human factor problems leading to an accident** - c\) A list of maintenance procedures 37. What happens if any link in the error chain is broken or corrected? - a\) The accident is guaranteed to happen - **b) The accident might have been prevented** - c\) It makes no difference 38. What does the text say about individuals and hazards? - **a) Individuals often fail to recognise/respond to potential hazards** - b\) Individuals are always aware of potential hazards - c\) Individuals never fail to recognise/respond to potential hazards 39. Which of these could prevent an accident? - a\) Ignoring all warning signs - **b) Implementing measures to address potential problems at any stage in the chain** - c\) None of the above 40. What is the failure to recognize hazards? - **a) Individuals often fail to recognize/respond to potential hazards** - b\) Individuals are always aware of potential hazards - c\) Individuals never fail to recognize/respond to potential hazards [Chapter 2 Questions] **[Page 9]** 41. What is the central role in the aircraft maintenance system? - a\) Aircraft Components - **b) The engineer** - c\) Mechanical Components 42. What is the most useful sense, providing most of the information we process daily? - **a) Vision** - b\) Hearing - c\) Smell 43. Just like mechanical components, what affects engineers performance in aircraft maintenance? - **a) Capabilities and Limitations** - b\) Skill - c\) Qualifications 44. Human performance is also influenced by what factors? - a\) Physical - b\) Social - **c) Social and Emotional** 45. Understanding the human body\'s physical and mental function helps to: - a\) Waste time - **b) Improve Work Effectiveness** - c\) Stay still **[Page 10]** 46. Approximately how many nerve cells lead from the retinas to the brain for vision? - a\) 12,000 - b\) 102,000 - **c) 1.2 million** 47. What is the function of the cornea? - **a) Acts as a focusing device** - b\) Detects color - c\) Protects the eye from damage 48. What percentage of the eye\'s total focusing ability is the cornea responsible for? - a\) 20%-30% - b\) 50%-60% - **c) 70%-80%** 49. Which part of the eye controls the amount of light entering the eye? - **a) The Iris** - b\) The Cornea - c\) The Lens 50. By what factor can the Iris quickly adjust to reasonable changes in light intensity? - a\) 2:1 - **b) 5:1** - c\) 10:1 **[Page 11]** 51. How many minutes does it take for cones to adjust to low light conditions? - **a) \> 7 mins** - b\) 10 minutes - c\) 20 minutes 52. How many minutes does it take for rods to fully adapt and become dark adapted? - a\) 10 minutes - **b) 30 minutes** - c\) 60 minutes 53. What happens after light passes through the pupil? - a\) it goes to the iris - **b) it goes to the lens** - c\) it goes to the cornea 54. What adjustment of the lens shape is called? - a\) Sharpness - **b) Accommodation** - c\) Acrity 55. Fatigue and aging can: - a\) Increase the degree of accommodation - **b) Reduce the degree of accommodation** - c\) Make no difference **[Page 12]** 56. What two things does the retina contain? - a\) Pupil and Iris - **b) Rods and Cones** - c\) Cornea and Lens 57. What is the central area of the retina called? - a\) blind spot - **b) Fovea** - c\) Rods 58. What is the Fovea? - a\) a place for Rods - **b) the central area of the retina** - c\) a place for cones 59. What does the moving outward from the fovea do? - a\) cones become less dense - b\) Cones are replaced by rods - **c) All of the above** 60. What is the vision shifts that see only black, white and shades of grey? - **a) low light vision** - b\) dark vision - c\) good vision **[Page 13]** 61. In low light, vision shifts from cones to rods, resulting in seeing only what colors? - **a) black, white and shades of grey** - b\) red, white and blue - c\) all colors 62. What is the blind spot? - a\) the front of the eye - **b) Located where the optic nerve joins the back of the eye** - c\) a dark spot 63. What prevents issues from the blind spot? - a\) eating carrots - **b) Visual Scanning** - c\) closing your eyes 64. Why is the blind spot not noticeable with binocular vision? - a\) they fall on the same spot - **b) the images from both eyes do not fall on blind spot of both eyes at the same time.** - c\) they\'re invisible 65. The eye is how many more times sensitive than the ear? - a\) 14x - **b) 24x** - c\) 34x **[Page 14]** 66. What is the ability of the eye to see sharp at varying distances? - **a) Visual Acuity** - b\) Distance sight - c\) Vision 67. What does 20/20 vision mean? - **a) seeing at 20 feet, what a normal person can see at 20 feet** - b\) seeing at 40 feet, what a normal person can see at 40 feet - c\) seeing at 10 feet, what a normal person can see at 10 feet 68. What are the physical imperfection in 1 or both eyes? - **a) short sightedness, long sightedness** - b\) colorblindness - c\) Age 69. What can impair vision? - a\) carrots - **b) Drugs, Medication, Alcohol and cigarettes** - c\) water 70. Dangers to eyes are? - a\) size and contours of the object - b\) Foreign Objects - **c) All of the Above** [Chapter 1 Questions] **[Page 1]** 46. What is the role of ergonomics in the workplace? - a\) To complicate tasks - **b) To improve safety and performance** - c\) To cut costs 47. Which of the following is not a division of the Work Environment: - **a) Internal** - b\) Physical - c\) Psychological 48. What type of environment includes shift patterns? - a\) Physical - **b) Work** - c\) Non-working 49. External influences can affect performance, what influence is an historic factor? - **a) Education** - b\) Genetic - c\) Domestic Stress 50. What is the main aim of human factors? - a\) Assign blame to maintenance personnel - **b) Improve safety and efficiency** - c\) Increase workloads **[Page 2]** 51. Which of the following is related to workplace interactions? - a\) Weather - **b) Communication** - c\) Stress 52. The SHEL Model helps to understand the various interactions between: - a\) The design of aircraft - **b) The engineer and their workplace surroundings** - c\) Accident statistics 53. In the SHEL Model, what does the \'H\' stand for? - a\) Human - **b) Hardware** - c\) Help 54. Which of the following is an example of software in the SHEL model? - a\) Tools - **b) Checklists** - c\) Aircraft 55. What is the name of the model where the L is in the middle? - **a) SHEL Model** - b\) Aviation Model - c\) System Model **[Page 3]** 56. What incident involved 18 feet of the upper cabin structure being ripped away in-flight? - a\) BA5390 Incident - **b) Aloha Airlines Incident (Flight 243)** - c\) Sears Report 57. How many inspectors originally identified cracks in the aircraft\'s skin in the Aloha Airlines incident? - **a) Neither inspector** - b\) Both inspectors - c\) Only one inspector 58. How many aircraft accidents were studied in USA, in 1986 by Sears? - a\) 73 - **b) 93** - c\) 113 59. What was a result of the accident? - a\) Change in Shift Planning - **b) Human factors in aircraft maintenance** - c\) Stronger glass for planes 60. What percentage of accidents was the result of human error, shown in surveys between 1940 and 1975? - a\) 50% - **b) 70%** - c\) 90% **[Page 4]** 61. In what year was the BA5390 Incident? - a\) 1980 - **b) 1990** - c\) 2000 62. What was the cause of the windscreen blowing out during the BA5390 Incident? - a\) Bad weather - **b) Failure of securing bolts** - c\) Engine Failure 63. The SMM made what error when choosing bolts? - **a) Used the wrong bolts** - b\) Did not put bolts in - c\) Used incorrect tools 64. Where was the aircraft when the left windscreen blew out? - a\) Southampton Airport - **b) Birmingham International Airport** - c\) Gatwick Airport 65. What law states \"If anything can go wrong, it will go wrong\"? - a\) Newton\'s Law - b\) Aviation Law - **c) Murphy\'s Law** **[Page 5]** 66. What was the altitude when the decompression event happened in the BA5390 incident? - **a) 17,000 feet** - b\) 20,000 feet - c\) 23,000 feet 67. What made it difficult to identify the correct bolts? - a\) Time Pressure - **b) Poor lighting** - c\) Staffing Issues 68. In regards to time pressure, how was the aircraft schedule? - **a) The aircraft had to be turned around quickly with other aircraft on a tight schedule** - b\) There was a backup aircraft available - c\) The shift was fully staffed 69. Who used the wrong bolts? - a\) The commander - **b) Maintenance engineer** - c\) The co-pilot 70. How was the pilot saved from falling from the plane? - a\) With seatbelts - **b) The crew held onto his legs** - c\) A harness **[Page 6]** 71. Accidents typically occur because of: - **a) Multiple errors, not a single mistake** - b\) Single Mistake - c\) The crew 72. To track aircraft history, including maintenance, the importance of what is crucial? - a\) Experience - **b) Record Keeping** - c\) Communication 73. Single cause accidents are: - a\) Common - **b) Almost Non-Existent** - c\) Rare 74. Statistical data shows how many precursor events can occur before a major accident? - **a) 600** - b\) 500 - c\) 400 75. Which of the following is not a description of errors in the Swiss Cheese Model? - a\) Unrelated - b\) Accumulate over time - **c) Sequential** **[Page 7]** 76. What was the highest % of accidents caused by maintenance errors? - a\) 12% - b\) 20% - **c) 50%** 77. The Sears report concluded that 12% of accidents were caused by: - **a) maintenance errors** - b\) pilot error - c\) bad weather 78. How many accidents did the Boeing Study (1982-1991) analyze? - a\) 93 - **b) 232** - c\) 14 79. In MOR Reports, what failure was most common? - **a) Incorrect fitment of components** - b\) Forgetting to complete tasks - c\) Engine failure 80. Boeing Reports stated the most common maintenance error was: - a\) Incorrect fitment of components - **b) Omission errors** - c\) Component failure **[Page 8]** 81. An error chain can be described as a series of: - a\) Random Events - **b) Human Factor Problems** - c\) Correct actions 82. What forms an error chain? - **a) human factor problems** - b\) correct actions - c\) luck 83. What happens if a link in an error chain is broken? - a\) The accident is guaranteed to happen - **b) The accident might have been prevented** - c\) It has no effect 84. What is the risk if an individual deviates from the task at hand? - **a) Increases likelihood of errors** - b\) Reduces the risk - c\) No effect 85. How can incidents be prevented? - a\) Ignore potential problems - **b) Address problems in the chain** - c\) Rely on luck [Chapter 2 Questions] **[Page 9]** 86. Like rivets, human performance degrades under: - a\) the cold - **b) stress/certain conditions** - c\) light 87. Engineers performance is affected by their capabilities and limitations in - **a) aircraft maintenance** - b\) aviation training - c\) computer systems 88. What is the impact of social/emotional factors on an engineers performance? - a\) no effect - **b) human performance is influenced by social/emotional factors** - c\) improves performance 89. What sense provides the most information we process daily? - **a) vision** - b\) smell - c\) hearing 90. Which of the following helps improve work effectiveness? - a\) mechanical design - **b) understanding human body functions** - c\) component design **[Page 10]** 91. How many nerve cells approximately lead from the retinas to the brain? - a\) 12,000 - b\) 102,000 - **c) 1.2 million** 92. What does the cornea act as? - **a) focusing device** - b\) light detector - c\) image processor 93. What is responsible for the majority of the eye\'s total focusing ability? - **a) cornea** - b\) pupil - c\) iris 94. What part of the eye controls the amount of light entering the eye? - **a) Iris** - b\) Lens - c\) Cornea 95. What is the coloured part of the eye? - **a) Iris** - b\) Sclera - c\) Cornea **[Page 11]** 96. Which of the following takes the longest time to adjust? - a\) Cones - **b) Rods** - c\) Pupils 97. What part of the eye does light go through after the pupil? - a\) The iris - **b) The lens** - c\) The cornea 98. What surrounding the lens, changes its shape? - a\) The iris - **b) Ciliary Muscles** - c\) Rods 99. What is the adjustment of the lens called? - a\) Sharpness - **b) Accommodation** - c\) Vision 100. Vision in low light vision shifts from cones to rods, resulting in seeing only what colors?\ \* **a) black, white and shades of grey**\ \* b) red, white and blue\ \* c) all colors **[Page 12]** 101. What does the retina contain?\ \* a) pupil\ \* **b) Rods**\ \* c) lens 102. Cones are most dense at the:\ \* **a) fovea**\ \* b) blind spot\ \* c) optic nerve 103. What type of light do cones function in?\ \* **a) good light**\ \* b) low light\ \* c) no light 104. How many different shades of color can cones distinguish?\ \* a) 10\ \* b) 100\ \* **c) 1,000** 105. What does the eye see at night?\ \* a) color\ \* **b) gray**\ \* c) nothing **[Page 13]** 106. Vision in what shades are a result of vision shifting from cones to rods?\ \* **a) black, white, and shades of grey**\ \* b) red, green, and blue\ \* c) rainbow 107. The blind spot is located:\ \* a) In the front of the eye\ \* **b) Where the optic nerve joins the back of the eye**\ \* c) In the center of the eye 108. What prevents issues from the blind spot?\ \* a) Carrot consumption\ \* **b) Visual Scanning**\ \* c) Closing one eye 109. The images from both eyes not falling on the blind spot of both eyes at the same time is a result of?\ \* a) Monocular Vision\ \* **b) Binocular Vision**\ \* c) Blind Spot Correction 110. Approximately how many times more sensitive is the eye compared to the ear?\ \* a) 14 times\ \* **b) 24 times**\ \* c) 34 times **[Page 14]** 111. The ability of the eye to see sharp at varying distances is known as:\ \* **a) Visual Acuity**\ \* b) Binocular Vision\ \* c) Peripheral Vision 112. What does 20/40 vision mean?\ \* a) Seeing at 40 feet what a normal person can see at 20 feet\ \* **b) Seeing at 20 feet what a normal person can see at 40 feet**\ \* c) Seeing at 20 feet what a normal person can see at 20 feet 113. Short sightedness and long sightedness are examples of?\ \* **a) Physical imperfections in the eye**\ \* b) Color Blindness\ \* c) Damage to the eye 114. Which factor affects Visual Acuity?\ \* **a) amount of light**\ \* b) amount of sleep\ \* c) amount of water 115. Which is NOT a danger to the eye?\ \* a) Foreign Objects\ \* b) Size of objects\ \* **c) Exercise** [Chapter 1 Questions] **[Page 1]** 91. Which is not an example of a working environment? - a\) Lighting - b\) Pay - **c) Sickness of children** 92. What is the central idea behind ergonomics? - **a) Optimizing the interaction between workers and their surroundings.** - b\) Maximizing profit regardless of worker safety. - c\) Ignoring worker limitations 93. What is the study of human capabilities and limitations in the workplace called? - a\) Ergonomics - **b) Human Factors** - c\) Psychology 94. Which of the following is not included in the study of Human Factors? - a\) maintenance personnel - **b) weather** - c\) equipment 95. What is a primary goal of human factors in the workplace? - a\) To increase workload - **b) To improve safety** - c\) to increase efficiency **[Page 2]** 96. What does the S in the SHEL model represent? - a\) space - **b) software** - c\) system 97. In the SHEL model, \"liveware\" refers to what? - a\) Computer software - **b) The worker/engineer** - c\) Environmental conditions 98. What is the purpose of the SHEL model? - a\) To design aircraft - **b) To understand interactions between engineers and surroundings** - c\) To define types of software 99. A tool is an example of what in the SHEL model? - **a) Hardware** - b\) Software - c\) Environment 100. Which component is central to the SHEL model?\ \* a) Software\ \* b) Hardware\ \* **c) Liveware (The Worker)** **[Page 3]** 101. What type of failure caused the Aloha Airlines Flight 243 incident?\ \* a) Engine\ \* **b) Structural**\ \* c) Electronic 102. The incident of Aloha Airlines Flight 243 led to:\ \* **b) Human factors in aircraft maintenance**\ \* a) more inspections\ \* c) better training 103. How many years of experience did the inspector have with the Aloha Airlines Flight 243 incident?\ \* a) 11\ \* **b) 22**\ \* c) 33 104. What percentage of aircraft accidents are due to human error?\ \* a) 60%\ \* **b) 70%**\ \* c) 80% 105. In the studies carried out in 1986, how many accidents were caused by maintenance error?\ \* a) 35\ \* b) 85\ \* **c) 93** **[Page 4]** 106. What type of aircraft was involved in the BA5390 incident?\ \* **a) BAC1-11**\ \* b) Boeing 737\ \* c) Airbus A320 107. Where was the aircraft when the left windscreen blew out in the BA5390 incident?\ \* **a) Birmingham International Airport**\ \* b) Southampton Airport\ \* c) London Heathrow Airport 108. What was the primary issue regarding the securing bolts in the BA5390 incident?\ \* a) They were over-tightened\ \* **b) They were the wrong size**\ \* c) There weren\'t enough of them 109. In the BA5390 incident, who signed off on the work without additional checks?\ \* a) the pilot\ \* b) the chief engineer\ \* **c) SMM (Shift Maintenance Manager)** 110. What does the text mean by Designers should make tasks \"Murphy Proof\"?\ \* a) All tasks will be foolproof, therefore Designers are not required\ \* **b) Tasks should be performed correctly to prevent errors**\ \* c) Making tasks simpler **[Page 5]** 111. In the BA5390 incident, what altitude was the aircraft at when the windscreen blew out?\ \* **a) 17,000 feet**\ \* b) 27,000 feet\ \* c) 37,000 feet 112. The windscreen blew out due to what in the BA5390 incident?\ \* a) Pilot error\ \* b) Bad weather\ \* **c) Incorrect bolts** 113. What contributed to the improper engagement with anchor nuts in the BA5390 incident?\ \* a) Correct sized bolts\ \* **b) Maintenance engineer used wrong bolts**\ \* c) Correct tools 114. What factor created issues for identifying correct bolts?\ \* a) Correct equipment\ \* **b) Poor lighting**\ \* c) No equipment 115. What type of aircraft team was not available?\ \* a) Backup crew\ \* **b) Backup aircraft**\ \* c) Flight crew **[Page 6]** 116. The Swiss Cheese Model illustrates what?\ \* a) Cheese making process\ \* **b) How unrelated errors line up to create a failure**\ \* c) How airplane crashes occur 117. Why is Record Keeping so important?\ \* a) To place blame\ \* **b) To track history to prevent future errors**\ \* c) For legal reasons 118. How many precursor events can occur before a major accident?\ \* a) 60\ \* b) 300\ \* **c) 600** 119. In the Swiss Cheese Model, what happens when all the holes line up?\ \* a) No accident occurs\ \* **b) An accident occurs**\ \* c) Maintenance improvements are completed 120. How can failures occur?\ \* **a) Combination of accumulated errors**\ \* b) A single error\ \* c) Always sequentially **[Page 7]** 121. What percentage of 93 accidents was caused by maintenance errors, in the Sears Report?\ \* **a) 12%**\ \* b) 20%\ \* c) 50% 122. What percentage of 232 accidents was caused by maintenance errors, in the Boeing Study?\ \* a) 12%\ \* **b) 20%**\ \* c) 50% 123. The most common failure, according to the MOR Reports, was what?\ \* **a) Incorrect fitment of components**\ \* b) Forgetting to complete tasks\ \* c) Bad weather 124. According to Boeing Reports, what was the most common maintenance error?\ \* a) Incorrect fitment of components\ \* **b) Omission errors (forgetting to complete tasks)**\ \* c) Component failure 125. How many accidents did the NTSB Study analyze?\ \* a) 93\ \* b) 232\ \* **c) 14** **[Page 8]** 126. The chain of events, which consists of a series of human factor problems, is referred to as what?\ \* a) The domino effect\ \* **b) The error chain**\ \* c) Murphy\'s Law 127. Many accident and incidents involve?\ \* a) A single problem\ \* **b) A series of problems**\ \* c) No problems 128. Which of the following can increase likelihood of errors?\ \* **a) Deviation from the task at hand**\ \* b) Focus on the task\ \* c) Proper checklist 129. Why is the accident prevented?\ \* a) No one involved questions a situation\ \* **b) ANY link in the chain had been broken/corrected**\ \* c) Nobody addresses the potential problems 130. If potential problems are addressed at any stage in the chain what happens?\ \* a) an incident will not occur\ \* **b) can help prevent incidents**\ \* c) cannot help [Chapter 2 Questions] **[Page 9]** 131. What is an essential factor to aircraft maintenance?\ \* a) money\ \* **b) engineers**\ \* c) management 132. What is vision also similar to?\ \* a) water flow\ \* **b) brain sensitivity**\ \* c) brain size 133. Human performance is influenced by what factors?\ \* a) stress\ \* **b) social and emotional**\ \* c) family factors 134. Where does the brain receive most of its information from?\ \* **a) Visual input**\ \* b) Auditory input\ \* c) Olfactory input 135. What does the text say is a central role to the aircraft maintenance system?\ \* a) The aircraft\ \* **b) The engineer**\ \* c) The maintenance schedule **[Page 10]** 136. The eye functions like a?\ \* a) Lightbulb\ \* **b) Camera**\ \* c) Flashlight 137. How many nerve cells lead from the retinas to the brain for vision?\ \* a) 12,000\ \* b) 102,000\ \* **c) 1.2 million** 138. What clear \"window\" at the front of the eye is known as?\ \* a) Iris\ \* b) Pupil\ \* **c) Cornea** 139. How much of the eye\'s ability is the cornea responsible for?\ \* a) 40%-50%\ \* b) 60%-70%\ \* **c) 70%-80%** 140. What part of the eye adjust the pupil size?\ \* **a) Iris**\ \* b) Cornea\ \* c) Retina **[Page 11]** 141. Which takes longer to adapt cones or rods?\ \* a) cones\ \* **b) Rods**\ \* c) Equal time 142. To focus on near objects, what happens to the lens?\ \* **a) it becomes thicker**\ \* b) it becomes thinner\ \* c) no change 143. Light passes through the pupil, before going to what part of the eye?\ \* a) the iris\ \* **b) the lens**\ \* c) the cornea 144. What can reduce the degree of accommodation?\ \* **a) fatigue and ageing**\ \* b) exercise\ \* c) drinking water 145. What shape does the lens become when focusing on far objects?\ \* a) thicker\ \* **b) flatter**\ \* c) no change **[Page 12]** 146. What does the retina contain for low-light vision?\ \* a) Cones\ \* **b) Rods**\ \* c) Iris 147. The central area of the retina is called what?\ \* a) The Blind spot\ \* **b) The Fovea**\ \* c) The optic nerve 148. What detects fine detail?\ \* a) Rods\ \* **b) Cones**\ \* c) Fovea 149. In good light, what functions?\ \* a) Rods\ \* **b) Cones**\ \* c) Retina 150. What type of colour vision does the cones give?\ \* **a) colour sensitive**\ \* b) colour blind\ \* c) can see all **[Page 13]** 151. What type of vision will rods see?\ \* a) colour\ \* **b) Black, white, and shades of grey**\ \* c) Red, green, blue 152. What is the blind spot?\ \* a) In front of the eye\ \* **b) Where the optic nerve joins the back of the eye**\ \* c) The retina 153. Binocular vision is?\ \* a) images from 1 eye\ \* **b) images from both eyes**\ \* c) the retina 154. What does AME use?\ \* a) Binocular vision\ \* **b) Visual Scanning**\ \* c) Blind Spot 155. What helps prevent issues from the blind spot?\ \* a) closing your eyes\ \* **b) Visual scanning**\ \* c) opening your eyes **[Page 14]** 156. 20/20 vision means?\ \* **a) seeing at 20 feet, what a normal person can see at 20 feet**\ \* b) seeing at 40 feet, what a normal person can see at 40 feet\ \* c) seeing at 10 feet, what a normal person can see at 10 feet 157. A person\'s eye is long or short, what is that considered?\ \* **a) short sightedness, long sightedness**\ \* b) colorblindness\ \* c) age 158. What is the ability to see sharp at varying distances?\ \* **a) Visual Acuity**\ \* b) Blind Spot\ \* c) Vision 159. How many times is the eye more sensitive than the ear?\ \* a) 14x\ \* **b) 24x**\ \* c) 34x 160. What factor affects the amount of detail and shapes able to be viewed by the eye?\ \* **a) Contrast of object with its surroundings**\ \* b) The object\'s colour\ \* c) The object\'s size