History of Assessment in RT PDF

HISTORY OF ASSESSMENT IN RT RCTX 3254 EAST CAROLINA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL RECREATION ASSESSMENTS PRIOR TO THE 1950’S Approaches limited “Games Therapy” Assessment focused on psychological coping benefits Clients assigned to different “Grades” according to psy...

HISTORY OF ASSESSMENT IN RT RCTX 3254 EAST CAROLINA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL RECREATION ASSESSMENTS PRIOR TO THE 1950’S Approaches limited “Games Therapy” Assessment focused on psychological coping benefits Clients assigned to different “Grades” according to psychological impact of hospitalization (Preston, 1932) NO standardized assessment in RT RECREATIONAL THERAPY ASSESSMENTS IN THE 1950’S Assessments become more clinical based Clinical Applications of Recreational Therapy (Davis, 1952) Recreational activity used to assess function Recreation WAS the assessment tool EXAMPLE OF ASSESSMENT IN 1950’S Outcome Areas assessed Pre-operative & Post Example of Activities Calisthenics, balloon activity, ball skills, ring toss, table tennis, sports Crude & Simplistic Observational Assessment Techniques First “Stairmaster” DR. JOHN EISELE DAVIS Principles and Practice of Recreational Therapy for the Mentally Ill (1936) "Clinical Applications of Recreational Therapy” (1952) recreational therapist at Perry Point Mental Hospital  NEW DISCOVERIES “a recreational therapist is in the most advantageous position to discover significant diagnostic material as he (or she) participates or simply observes the child [i.e., “inner child”] moving in the motivated medium of play” (Dr. John Eisele Davis, 1936, p. 42). "experience has well demonstrated that effective therapeutic methods are motivated, stimulated and sustained through interest, incentive and effort” power of natural context of play and recreation President Truman & Bowlers Victory Legion (BVL)  DR. “BERNIE” PHILLIPS Hospital Recreation Director, Walter Reed General Hospital "The objectives (of RT) were to assist the doctor in getting his patients well and to make life as satisfying and meaningful as possible for those patients who must remain in the hospital" Council for the Advancement of Hospital Recreation FIRST Registration Card Cycling Group (WRAH, 1945)  Recreation for the Mentally Ill Conference (Photo taken in front of the Hotel Woodner on Nov. 19, 1957.) RT ASSESSMENT IN THE 1960’S National Recreation Accreditation Project Recreation in Hospitals: Report of a Study of organized Recreation Programs in Hospitals and the Personnel Conducting Them (1959) Developed a set of standards for preparation of therapeutic recreation major (Not for Assessment) Few but limited assessment tools Therapeutic Recreation Journal focused on inclusion of individuals with disabilities. RT ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENTS IN 1960’S Mundy Inventory for the Trainable Mentally Retarded (Mundy, 1966) Leisure Interest Inventory (Hubert, 1969) First standardized test in RT Leisure domains Functional test of individuals with mental retardation Suggests functional use of activity Mundy first to suggest assessment tied to Not commercially distributed programming Assessment allowed homogenous grouping of MR clients RT ASSESSMENT IN THE 1970’S RT professionals need to be Fox Activity Therapy Social Skills competent in assessment (Carney, 1977) (O’Morrow, 1971) Development of functional Development of New prerequisite skills Instruments Community Integration Milwaukee Avocation Satisfaction Questionnaire Community Integration Program (CIP) Leisure satisfaction-based on job satisfaction surveys Constructing Leisure Activity Many assessments developed but few still used Survey today Leisure Activities Blank Leisure focus Overs’ Picture Card Survey Walshe Temperament Survey (measuring mood in activity) 1980’S Development of a more standardized assessment process in RT Encouraging RT professionals to use multi-method approaches to assessment Incorporation of standardized and non-standardized tests in RT RT Process Conceptualized Increased need to establish more valid methods of assessment Explosion of available commercial assessment instruments Improved psychometric testing 1990’S First Collection of RT Assessments in Textbook Survey and assessment of current research in progress Continued growth in available commercial instruments-more focus on functional outcome assessment 2000-CURRENT Redefined healthcare Screening Assessment Efficiency & Cost “Funnel Approach” Computerized health records Specialized Interdisciplinary Assessments EMR vs. Paper VALID over Homemade Better attention to diagnosing for reimbursement purposes FUNCTIONAL vs. ONLY-Leisure FIM Adoption Client centered care Move from FIM to Section GG  Establishment of Assessment Protocols Materials Required Credentials Facilitation Techniques PROTOCOLS Interpretation and Analysis Norms Emphasis on connection between assessment and treatment plans ISSUES REMAINING RESEARCH INTO MODIFICATION OF VALID RESEARCH USING RT REDUCING THE NUMBER OF FUNCTIONAL MEANING OF INSTRUMENTS INSTRUMENTS WITH AGENCIES USING ASSESSMENT SCORES COEFFICIENTS BELOW.80 HOMEMADE ASSESSMENTS (RELIABILITY) AND/OR LEISURE-ONLY SURVEYS