Database Management in Construction (CEM 305) PDF

DATABASE MANAGEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION (CEM 305)  INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION SYSTEM (Module 1) INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES Define information system and its components Enumerate the functions of information system Specify the information system being used in civil en...

DATABASE MANAGEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION (CEM 305)  INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION SYSTEM (Module 1) INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES Define information system and its components Enumerate the functions of information system Specify the information system being used in civil engineering WHY DO WE NEED TO STUDY INFORMATION SYSTEM? VIDEO LINK WHAT IS INFORMATION SYSTEM? Information systems, often abbreviated as IS, are the collection of hardware, software, and telecommunications networks that people build and use to collect, process, create, and distribute useful data. COMPONENTS OF INFORMATION SYSTEM Hardware Software Data People Process HARDWARE The hardware aspect of an information system is the technology you can touch. These are the physical aspects of technology. Computers, tablets, mobile phones, disk drives, and more are all examples of information system hardware. Hardware is often considered the most visible aspect of an information system. SOFTWARE Software builds directly upon the hardware of an information system. Is a set of instructions that tells hardware what to do. Unlike hardware, software is not tangible. You can’t touch it. Is being programmed what is really happening is instructions are being made to tell hardware what to do. DATA You can think of data as a collection of facts and information. For example, your street address, the city you live in, your name, and your phone. Like software, data is also intangible. Also, by themselves data is not particularly useful. However, aggregated, indexed and organized data is a powerful tool for your organization. PEOPLE When thinking about information systems it is easy to focus on the technology components: hardware, software, and data. But all people involved with the information system are an essential element that must not be overlooked because they make the technology useful in a practical sense. PROCESS A process is defined as a “series of steps undertaken to achieve a desired outcome or goal.” It consists of input, data process, data storage, output and control. During input stage data instructions are fed to the systems which during process stage are worked upon by software programs and other queries. During output stage, data is presented in structured format and reports. FUNCTIONS OF INFORMATION SYSTEM Organizational Functions Personal/Individual Functions EXAMPLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL FUNCTION Process financial accounts EXAMPLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL FUNCTION Manage their human resources EXAMPLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL FUNCTION Reach their potential customers with online promotions EXAMPLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL FUNCTION Provide services cost-effectively to citizens (government function) EXAMPLE OF PERSONAL FUNCTION Socializing EXAMPLE OF PERSONAL FUNCTION Study EXAMPLE OF PERSONAL FUNCTION Shopping EXAMPLE OF PERSONAL FUNCTION Banking EXAMPLE OF PERSONAL FUNCTION Entertainment INTER-DISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVE IN INFORMATION SYSTEM INFORMATION SYSTEM IN CIVIL ENGINEERING CIVIL ENGINEERING INFORMATION SYSTEM In Building and Construction projects, tasks typically tend to become more routine at the clerical and supervisory levels, but more challenging and demanding at the senior levels. However, computers also permit solutions to problems they cannot be attacked manually, with a consequent increase in job satisfaction at the relevant level. CIVIL ENGINEERING INFORMATION SYSTEM The utilization of on-site Engineering Information Systems (EIS) is becoming more and more common because: derives to a series of key outcomes: improved operational process, and increased productivity provides superior project strategy through improved project productivity OUTCOMES OF ON-SITE ENGINEERING INFORMATION SYSTEM (EIS) Complete Project Information Detailed Project Outline Other Relevant Building and Construction Information Stock Control Payroll Correspondence Miscellaneous Information COMPLETE PROJECT INFORMATION database that will include all the client's contact numbers, personal information, and histories. All of the negotiations and documents will also be integrated within the EIS. DETAILED PROJECT OUTLINE which includes information such as costing agreements; drawings of related plans including underground sewerage, electricity, storm runoffs, easements, caveats, and other factors which can influence the satisfactory completion of the project. OTHER RELEVANT BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION INFORMATION including a list of companies that are taking part in the project, need to be incorporated. STOCK CONTROL which includes all transactions that have taken place, receipts letters from suppliers, and letters to suppliers/contractors, are necessary for accurate budgeting. PAYROLL including all the payroll documentation, including payslips and payroll queries, job application forms are also integrated within the EIS. CORRESPONDENCE including all the information which is unable to be stored as hard copies are stored in digital formats. This information includes drawings and photographs of scanned images or databases of significant information. MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION which is not part of the other outcomes is incorporated here. INFORMATION SYSTEM IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY INFORMATION SYSTEM IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY Materials and labor are the two most important inputs of any construction project. That’s why the pricing of these two ingredients plays a significant role in the overall construction cost. Every contractor aims to stay within the boundaries of their construction budget. Yet, without information systems, it is nearly impossible to achieve this goal. INFORMATION SYSTEM IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY Although information systems have always played an integral role in the construction world, the industry still lags in crucial aspects. This is likely to change soon as the industry is now embracing big data analytics. The construction industry is now moving to areas such as real-time analytics. HERE’S HOW BUSINESSES CAN USE CONSTRUCTION INFORMATION SYSTEMS TO GROW BETTER PLANNING AND BUDGETING For commercial companies, there is a need to access the correct data at the right time. This will help assess sub-contractors working on a project. The accurate data and analysis help determine the reliability of a potential partner. IMPROVED TRACKING AND ORGANIZATION OF PROJECTS You need data on business, weather, traffic, and community around your project. This data helps to determine the phasing of the project. As you work on the first phase, decide if you need more equipment for the second phase. RISK MITIGATION Analytics play a significant role in improving the safety of site workers. Construction sites have started to use smart clothing equipped with wearable devices and electronic sensors. They transmit images and information to primary databases. Some smart clothing is equipped with automatic time logging functions. This encourages efficiency. Some new inventions in this sector include ‘smart, hard hat.’ These helmets measure the body temperature and heart rate of site workers. TRACKING ASSETS AND INVENTORIES Information systems play a role in tracking assets and inventory. You can connect over 10,000 construction machines to your system. This way, you can remotely supervise the real-time performance of these machines on the site. This prevents misuse of these machines and helps you generate predictive capability data that will help you maximize the value of your assets. COST ANALYSIS Even with the industry boom, few construction companies can make profits. This is because businesses cannot evaluate their project expenditure due to difficulty collecting accurate historical data on every aspect of a project. This information is not only crucial in reducing costs but also for bidding on new jobs.