CETS468 Database Management in Construction PDF

 Define what is information technology Differentiate computer technology and communications technology Learn about how information technology is applied in civil engineering Discuss about the software applications in the different fields of civil engineering History and developm...

 Define what is information technology Differentiate computer technology and communications technology Learn about how information technology is applied in civil engineering Discuss about the software applications in the different fields of civil engineering History and development of Information Technology In the 1960s and 1970s, the term information technology (IT) was a little known phrase that was used by those who worked in places like banks and hospitals to store information With the paradigm shift to computing technology and paperless workplaces, information technology has come to be a household phrase It now defines an industry that uses computers, networking, software programming, and other equipment and process to store, process, and retrieve information History and development of Information Technology Personal computers are No computers 1960 introduced 2001 1950 Very expensive 1970 Powerful personal computers for computers on every large companies desktop. Introduction of software applications Information technology (IT) describes any technology that helps to produce, manipulate, store, communicate, and/or disseminate information Two general parts: Computer Technology Communications Technology Computer A computer is a programmable, multi-use machine that accepts data (i.e. raw facts and figures) and processes, or manipulates it into information we can use, such as summaries, totals, or reports Its general purpose is to speed up problem solving and increase productivity Computer Technology It refers to inventions related to or associated with computers and devices with a central processing unit, such as hardware and software of computers, the internet and storage devices Hardware and software revolution The diminishing cost of personal computers has put computing power within the reach of even the smallest contractors Rapidly developing hardware performance, coupled with the development of storage drives with very large volumes, modems, scanners, and back up devices has made the computer suitable for storage and distribution of drawings and other data in electronic format The evolution of servers, network cards, modems, and routers have linked computers together providing a forum for community collaboration Communication It is the act of transferring information from one place, person, or group to another Traditional Modern The new communication technology enables people located in different places to work together as if they were in the same office Communications technology also called telecommunications technology consists of electromagnetic devices and systems for communicating over long distances The main components of a telecommunications system are: Transmitter - a device that originates communication Atmosphere or cables - the medium over which the transmission takes place Receiver - the end point of the transmission Information technology (IT) in some companies is referred to as Management Information Services (MIS) or simply as Information Services These innovations enable the processing and storage of enormous amounts of information, along with rapid distribution of information through communication networks IT has enabled the globalization of the economy and competition, and caused large-scale changes in many industries IT has also brought a major shift in the job market, resulting in a more polarized occupational structure. This means that those highly skilled individuals get well paid jobs whereas the lower skilled gets lower wages 2014 Oil and Gas Engineering Aircraft Maintenance Information Technology Instrumentation Tech Support Journalist Public Relations Chemical Engineering Executive Assistant Quantity Surveying 2019 Pilots, Navigators, Flight Engineers Securities and Finance Dealers Civil Engineers Actuaries Computer Programmers System Analyst and Designers Computer Engineers Accountants and Auditors Production Supervisors Statisticians 2023 Computer Engineers ICT Installers and Services Telecommunications Engineers Chemical Engineers Mathematicians Aircraft Pilots Systems Analysts and Designers Specialist Medical Practitioners Geologists and Geophysicists Application Programmers What is the need for Information Technology in Civil Engineering? Civil engineering has a multi-physics character. It is very complex due to modeling uncertainties and variations of data, properties, conditions, etc. Instabilities in both the physical problem and in numerical analysis procedures are real problems to overcome The accuracy required in the analysis & interpretation of field data by conventional methods have found to be wanting in various respects Traditional manual methods generally do not verify the correctness of the model or the soundness of the design concept in a timely manner How does Information Technology (IT) help in design and modeling? IT can help engineers produce better designs that are almost impossible to produce manually The biggest contribution of computers to the design process is soft prototyping – the process of creating a 3D computer model of a design that can be subjected to computer-based testing Examples: How does Information Technology (IT) help in design and modeling? Computer-Aided Drafting (CAD) CAD is the use of computer-based software to aid in design processes. CAD software is frequently used by different types of engineers and designers as it permits a rapid generation of models or designs The primary purpose of CAD is to optimize and streamline the designer’s workflow, increase productivity, improve the quality and level of detail in the design, improve documentation communications and often contribute toward a manufacturing design database How does Information Technology (IT) help in design and modeling? AutoCAD AutoCAD is an interactive drawing system designed to permit a user to construct or edit a drawing on a graphics display screen The user can design realistic, accurate, two-dimensional drawings and three- dimensional models AutoCAD is used in the field of architecture, mechanical design, mapping and 3D modeling It automatically defines dimensions simply by picking endpoints, angles, radii or any other points of the drawing output What is the role of Information Technology (IT) in Surveying? Common Problems Unfavorable sites Oftentimes, an engineering project such as a dam, tunnel, and/or highway is located on a site which is not favorable for survey Topography The preparation of topographic base maps (with elevation contours from survey) is usually difficult to accomplish due to the limitations of the survey equipment used Heavy Equipment The equipment used for surveying is difficult to carry especially on places with high and low terrains What is the role of Information Technology (IT) in Surveying? Geographical Information System (GIS) GIS is a computer system for capturing, managing, integrating, manipulating, analyzing, and displaying data which is spatially referenced to the Earth It finds suitable locations that have relevant attributes It answers queries on the geographical attributes of a specified location What is the role of Information Technology (IT) in Surveying? Geographical Information System (GIS) What is the role of Information Technology (IT) in Surveying? Remote Sensing Remote sensing is the study of phenomenon sensed from air or satellites The use of remote sensing provides engineers with an opportunity to interpret data as seen from space This facility is particularly useful in surveying very large areas at relatively little cost It is widely used in such locations as the arctic zones, deserts, forested areas, marshlands, and mountainous regions What is the role of Information Technology (IT) in Surveying? Remote Sensing Acquisition of information about an object or phenomenon without making physical contact with the object How does Information Technology (IT) help in Project Management? Information technology helps in understanding the theory and techniques associated with computer-based planning, analysis, and control It can be applied to the following: Practical orientation Construction operations monitoring Project planning Management and control Time-money analysis Other standard quantitative and qualitative techniques How does Information Technology (IT) help in Project Management? PRIMAVERA (Personalized Retrieval and Indexing of Media Assets in Virtual Environments for Real-Time Access) It is the guide to professional management of business repository and of management applications How does Information Technology (IT) help in Project Management? PRIMAVERA (Personalized Retrieval and Indexing of Media Assets in Virtual Environments for Real-Time Access) The PRIMAVERA software is capable of the following functions: Project management Dissemination of results, conversation with other projects, standardization Exploitation of project results General system design, interface specification, system integration Development of advanced indexing and retrieval techniques Development of user profile generation and management Development of new user interfaces and visual interaction paradigms Based on our topic: 1. Choose one software from each: design and modelling, surveying, project management. 2. List down five advantages and five disadvantages of each software. 3. Use clean bond paper or any paper. Date of submission: Before dismissal  Define what is information system Discuss the basic components and functions of an information system Learn about how information is managed Understand the basic principle of information systems in engineering Information In broad terms, information is usually understood as knowledge communicated From an information system point of view, information and its relationship to knowledge can be understood in terms of a message A message has a certain form (written or in the form of symbols) A message has some (intended) content A message also has a sender and receiver System A system is a set of at least two elements that are in some way related to each other such that there are no independent elements. In other words, a system may be decomposed into components or subsystems that may in turn be systems that may be decomposed further Systems Development Determine the best way to decompose a system into components Determine how the components interact with each other Determine how the components relates and interacts with the suprasystem of which it is a part of An information system is a set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate, store data, and disseminate information and provide a feedback mechanism to monitor performance It is an organized combination of people, hardware, software, communications, networks, and data resources that collects data, transforms it, and disseminates information Components Hardware - External and internal devices needed to perform a task Software - Set of instructions/programs used to operate computers Stored Data - Facts stored in the system Personnel - People who operate the system Procedures - Instructions for the manpower Examples Inventory control system Order entry system Production scheduling system Data management permits establishments to achieve greater efficiency by sharing data throughout all the elements or departments of the organization This sharing of data prompts every employee of the establishment to function collectively, by creating an environment in which each employee has access to pertinent information regarding the activities of other employees Recent research demonstrates that most construction organizations handle information centrally, enabling everyone involved in a particular project or program to allocate their time and resources efficiently as possible to achieve the desired outcome Data management exercise in construction projects are completed under administrative instruction and can be organized in various ways The administrative aspect can be categorized into: ▪ Time management ▪ Agreements ▪ Cost ▪ Materials ▪ Quality ▪ Equipment ▪ Security ▪ Human resources Some of these tasks consist of record-keeping exercises (data input is required) and others only consist of tasks involving no records Data can be facts related to any object in consideration: name, age, height, etc. Computer Data is information processed and stored by a computer: text documents, images, audio clips, etc. Database is a systematic collection of data. You can organize data into tables, rows, columns and index which makes it easier to access relevant information. Database Management Systems (DBMS) are software systems used to store, retrieve, and run queries on data. A DBMS serves as an interface between an end-user and a database, allowing users to create, read, update, and delete data in the database. Examples: MS Access MySQL Database Oracle Database Engineer Material Request Purchaser (Paper) Deliver on site Canvass (Price) Inventory (Paper) (Paper) Approval Property Custodian President Purchase Purchaser Accounting Department 1. Group yourselves by row. 2. Give 3 examples of database management systems. 3. Identify at least 3 advantages and disadvantages. 4. Use short or long bond paper, 1 inch margin. 5. Submit on or before our class tonight  Section M5 Section M10 G1. 4 5 5 G1. 5 5 5 4 Rules: 2. 4 5 5 2. 5 5 4 1st – 5pts 3. 5+5 5 5 5 3. 5 5 5 5 4 2nd – 4 pts 4. 4 5 4 5 5 5 4. 5 5 5 5 4 3rd – 3pts 5. 4 5 5 5 5. 5 5 5 4 6. 4 5 5 6. 5 5 5 5 4 7. 4 5 5 7. 5 5 5 5 4 8. 4 5 5 5 8. 5 5 5 5 5 9. 4 5 5 10. 4 5 5 11. 4 5 5 12. 4 5 5 5 Must have 8 items, if not stated, put3pts only