Lymphatic System Nursing PDF

INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN ANATOMY Lecture : Lymphatic system By Ahmed Desouky  ILOs: By the end of the lecture, the student should be able to: ◻ Describe the types and characters of lymph vessels. ◻ Discuss the shape, structure, sites and functions of lymph nodes ◻ Explain fa...

INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN ANATOMY Lecture : Lymphatic system By Ahmed Desouky  ILOs: By the end of the lecture, the student should be able to: ◻ Describe the types and characters of lymph vessels. ◻ Discuss the shape, structure, sites and functions of lymph nodes ◻ Explain factors helping lymph drainage  LYMPH ◻ What is lymph ? Lymph is a clear fluid that circulates through the lymphatic system, helping remove waste, toxins, and transport white blood cells to fight infections. LYMPHATIC SYSTEM Essentially a drainage system accessory to venous system larger particles that escape into tissue fluid can only be removed via lymphatic system  Components of the Lymphatic System 24- 5 ◻Lymph ◻ Lymphatic Vessels Lymphatic Capillaries Lymphatic Vessels Lymphatic Trunks Lymphatic Ducts ◻ Lymphatic Organs Thymus Lymph Nodes Spleen Tonsils ◻ Lymphatic cells Lymph Vessels Formation Lymph vessels start as a network of lymph capillaries that collect excess intercellular fluid. This fluid is transported through lymphatic vessels.  Lymph Vessels ◻ Lymphatic capillaries – ◻ Lymphatic collecting vessels ◻ Lymphatic trunks ◻ Lymphatic ducts –  Types of Lymph Vessels Vessels ◻ Afferent lymph vessels: Carry lymph to the lymph nodes. ◻ Efferent lymph vessels: Carry lymph away from the lymph nodes. ◻ Two main lymph trunks: Thoracic duct Right lymphatic duct ◻ Both ducts open into the venous system at the root of the neck.  Characteristics of Lymph Vessels Thin, irregular walls: Absorb substances with high molecular weight (colloids). Valves: Ensure one-way flow of lymph Superficial and deep vessels: Superficial lymph vessels follow veins, while deeper ones follow arteries. Lacteals: Intestinal lymph vessels that drain milky lymph rich in fat.  LYMPHATIC ORGANS Primary organs Red bone marrow B lymphocyte Thymus gland. T lymphocyte Secondary organs Lymph nodes Spleen  Lymph node Cortex: Contains lymph follicles and receives lymph via afferent vessels. Medulla: Lymph leaves the node through efferent vessels. With afferent vessels (entering at the periphery) and efferent lymph vessels(emerging at the hilus)  Lymph Nodes 24- 13 ◻ Small, kidney-shaped or oval and filter lymph. ◻ located along the pathways of lymph vessels. ◻ length from 1 - 25 millimeters ◻ Typically found in clusters ◻ receive lymph from many body regions.  Site of Lymph node Arranged in groups, along the blood vessels or the flexural side of the joint ❑ Limb roots: Axillary (upper limbs) and inguinal (lower limbs). ❑ Neck: Located on both sides and at the junction with the head. ❑ Chest: Near the trachea and bronchi. ❑ Abdominal and pelvic organs: Near large blood vessels.  Functions of Lymph Nodes ❑ Divided into superficial and deep groups 1. Filtration: Lymph nodes filter lymph, trapping bacteria and foreign particles. 2. Production of lymphocytes: Critical for the immune response. 3. Defense mechanism: Interaction points between antigens and immune cells (phagocytes and lymphocytes).  Regional Lymph drainage 16 ◻ Regional Lymph Node is the lymph node where the lymph of the organ or part of the body drainge to firstly Sentinel Lymph Node(in clinic)  There are no lymphatics in certain tissues, such as: 24- 18 1. Nervous system 2. Bone marrow 3. Spleen 4. Eye  THYMUS 19 ❑ Consists of two lobes ❑ Is a large organ in the fetus till puberty and regress in adult ❑ Occupies the thoracic cavity behind the sternum ❑ Secrete thymosin T lymphocyte  Spleen 20 ❑Location ⮚Left epigastric region ⮚between 9th-11th rib ⮚in line of 10th rib ◻ Largest lymphatic organ in the body. ◻ Can vary considerably in size and weight  Functions 21 ⮚1. In the fetus: The spleen helps in the formation of blood cells ⮚2. In adults: The spleen stores and concentrates blood cells.. ⮚3. Destruction of old red cells: The spleen destroys old, expired red blood cells. ⮚4. Filtration of blood: The spleen filters blood, removing harmful organisms and substances. ⮚LN Filters lymph  APPLIED ANATOMY FILARIASIS  LYMPHEDEMA ◻ Occurs due to accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the interstitial tissue ◻ Sometimes can be appreciated after wearing tight clothing or jewellary on affected limb  LYMPHADENOPATHY ◻ Means a disease of the lymph nodes ◻ Lymph nodes become swollen/ enlarged and may be painful to touch  ‫الحمدهلل‬ ANA 101Ana-L8 - Lymphatic system