Lymphatic system Final Leena.pptx

OFFICI AL LYMPHATIC SYSTEM Leena Vinod Senior Lecturer (Thanks to Barry OFFICI AL Learning Objectives By the end of today’s session you will be able to: Identify the different parts of the lymphatic system Discuss the formation of lymph including its circulation and capillary exchange Describe the l...

OFFICI AL LYMPHATIC SYSTEM Leena Vinod Senior Lecturer (Thanks to Barry OFFICI AL Learning Objectives By the end of today’s session you will be able to: Identify the different parts of the lymphatic system Discuss the formation of lymph including its circulation and capillary exchange Describe the location, structure and function of spleen and thymus (lymph organs) Discuss the functions of the lymphatic system OFFICI AL Today’s lesson A lot of the points covered today will be ‘circular’ in that no matter what order I cover them in, I will be bringing up terms before I explain them so you will have to be patient and I will give you time for questions at sensible stop points. Write down keys words so you can look at the definitions later, but we will cover most eventually. OFFICI AL Lymphatic system Lymph Fluid Lymph Vessels Lymph Nodes Lymph Organs Spleen Thymus Lymphoid Tissue Tonsils Red Bone marrow 013. The Thyroid and the Importance of the Lymphatic System! Dr. Michael Johnson’s Blog[online]. Available from: http://drmichaelljohnsonchiropractor.com/?p=119 [Accessed 27 October 2016]. SS, J.S., WILSON, K.J.W., GRANT, A., ANNE WAUGH BSC MSC CERTED SRN RNT FHEA and ALLISON GRANT BSC PHD RGN, 2001. Ross and Wilson anatomy and physiology in health and illness. 9th ed. Edinburgh: Chu OFFICI AL LYMPHATIC SYSTEM Detail ed OFFICI AL Lymphatic system function Tissue Drainage and formation of lymph Fat absorption in small intestine and lacteals Transport dietary lipids Role in Immunity SS, J.S., WILSON, K.J.W., GRANT, A., ANNE WAUGH BSC MSC CERTED SRN RNT FHEA and ALLISON GRANT BSC PHD RGN, 2001. Ross and Wilson anatomy and physiology in health and illness. 9th ed. Edinburgh: Chu tranet.tdmu.edu.ua/data/kafedra/internal/anatomy/classes_stud/en/med/lik/ptn/2/31%20LYMPHATIC%20VESSELS%20AND%20NODES%20OF%20ABDOMEN%20AND%20PELVIS..htm Lymph Fluid OFFICI AL Clear fluid gathered from interstitial spaces Similar to plasma Minus plasma proteins Transportation of bacteria and cell debris Lower pressure than cardiac capillaries Chyle – lipids from small intestine CHONG, W., 2011. IMAGE OF THE WEEK WEEK 43 - CHYLOTHORAX. Brunei International Medical Journal[online]. Available from: http://www.bimjonline.com/Imageoftheweek/Imagewk43(12-122011).htm [Accessed 27 October 2016]. WAUGH, A., ROSS, J.S., WILSON, K.J.W., GRANT, A., ANNE WAUGH BSC MSC CERTED SRN RNT FHEA and ALLISON GRANT BSC PHD RGN, 2001. Ross and Wilson anatomy and physiology in health and OFFICI AL Lymph Vessels Thoracic Duct Right Lymphatic Duct Lymph Vessels Lymph Capillaries WAUGH, A., ROSS, J.S., WILSON, K.J.W., GRANT, A., ANNE WAUGH BSC MSC CERTED SRN RNT FHEA and ALLISON GRANT BSC PHD RGN, 2001. Ross and Wilson anatomy and physiology in health and illness. 9th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. CLARK, S., 2009. File: Pg 126 lymph vessels of the finger.jpg - Wikimedia commons. Wikimedia Commons[online]. Available from: Lymph Vessels OFFICI AL Blind ends within interstitial spaces One-way valves, one way flow of interstitial fluid 3-4 litres of plasma a day returned Larger than circulatory capillaries Skeletal muscle and respiration act as a pump Anchoring filaments pull open when interstitial fluid accumulates Remove exudate, phagocytes and cell debris Lymph flow increased by exercise tp://www.apsubiology.org/anatomy/2020/2020_Exam_Reviews/Exam_2/CH20_Gross_Anatomy_of_the_Lymphatic_System.htm OFFICI AL Lymph Vessels RTORA, G.J. and DERRICKSON, B.H., 2014. Principles of anatomy and physiology. United States: John Wiley & Sons. Lymph Nodes OFFICI AL 500−600 lymph nodes in the human body Key Locations: Cervical Axillary Inguinal Mesenteric WAUGH, A., ROSS, J.S., WILSON, K.J.W., GRANT, A., ANNE WAUGH BSC MSC CERTED SRN RNT FHEA and ALLISON GRANT BSC PHD RGN, 2001. Ross and Wilson anatomy and physiology in health and illness. 9th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. http://iheartguts.com/products/lymph-node-plush https://www.thoughtco.com/lymph-nodes-anatomy-373244 OFFICI AL Lymph T- Nodes and B- Lymphocytes (WBC) are found in the loose reticular connective tissue of the lymph node. Filtration and phagocytosis Microbes Phagocytes Malignant cells Damaged cells Inhaled particles Lymph Node Fluid enters cortex through afferent vessels Filter and trap damaged cells, microorganisms, foreign substances, tumour cells by reticular fibres. Macrophages phagocytize some, lymphocytes destroy by immune system OFFICI AL OFFICI AL Lymph System RTORA, G.J. and DERRICKSON, B.H., 2014. Principles of anatomy and physiology. United States: John Wiley & Sons. OFFICI AL Role of Lymphatic System in Fluid Balance 10%-15% of the fluid that is leaked into the interstitial space from the blood vessels is drained back into the circulatory system via the lymphatic system. The remaining 85%- 90% gets absorbed back at the circulatory capillary bed. 3-4 litres of plasma a day returned to the circulatory system. Failure of removal of fluid from the interstitial space can lead to Low blood volume, low BP and poor supply to vital organs Stagnation of fluid and oedema-Lymphoedema. Oedema can occur as a result of infected lymph node a blocked lymphatic vessel Increased capillary pressure leading to excessive OFFICI AL Lymph Organ 1: Spleen Largest lymph organ Location: Left hypochondriac region of the abdominal cavity, between the diaphragm and the stomach Structure: 2 regions Stroma Parenchyma WAUGH, A., ROSS, J.S., WILSON, K.J.W., GRANT, A., ANNE WAUGH BSC MSC CERTED SRN RNT FHEA and ALLISON GRANT BSC PHD RGN, 2001. Ross and Wilson anatomy and physiology in health and illness. 9th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. HUMPATH.COM, 2003. Spleen. Humpath.com - Human Pathology [online]. Available from: http://www.humpath.com/spip.php?article729 [Accessed 27 October 2016]. OFFICI AL Lymph Organ 1: Spleen The spleen has three major functions: Phagocytosis- Mounting an immune response, and removal of microorganisms from the circulation Haemolysis- Destruction of damaged and worn-out red blood cells Storage of platelets- Up to 350ml Blood OFFICI AL Lymph Organ 2: Thymus Bi-lobed Glandmajor lymphoid organ and also part of the endocrine system Location: in the mediastinum on the superior portion of the heart Structure: Each lobe has Capsule and Microlobules Micro-lobules have WAUGH, A., ROSS, J.S., WILSON, K.J.W., GRANT, A., ANNE WAUGH BSC MSC CERTED SRN RNT FHEA and ALLISON GRANT BSC PHD RGN, 2001. Ross and Wilson anatomy and physiology in health and illness. 9th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. KENHUB. n.d. Thymus. KEN HUB [online]. Available from: https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/thymus [Accessed 27 October 2016]. OFFICI AL Lymph Organ 2: Thymus Thymus releases thymosin Gland Activates T-lymphocytes T-cell maturation Programmes T-cells to recongnise ‘self’ antigens Thymus- Most active pre-adolescent period Shrinks with age Thymic involution Lymph Tissues OFFICI AL MALT - Mucosa-associated Lymphoid/Lymphatic Structure A diffuse system of small concentrations of lymphoid tissue found in various submucosal membrane sites of the body, such as GI tract (Peyer’s patches), resp tract, genitourinary tract, externally exposed systems Tonsils Contain B- and T- Lymphocytes Does not filter lymph WAUGH, A., ROSS, J.S., WILSON, K.J.W., GRANT, A., ANNE WAUGH BSC MSC CERTED SRN RNT FHEA and ALLISON GRANT BSC PHD RGN, 2001. Ross and Wilson anatomy and physiology in health and illness. 9th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. HEALTH DOCTOR, 2011. Tonsil stones. Hows Health? [online]. Available from: http://howshealth.com/tonsil-stones-pictures-causes-symptoms-removal-treatment/ [Accessed 27 OFFICI AL Red bone marrow Bones of the axial skeleton, pectoral and pelvic girdles, proximal epiphysis of femur and humorous Stem cells form erythrocytes, platelets and leukocytes RTORA, G.J. and DERRICKSON, B.H., 2014. Principles of anatomy and physiology. United States: John Wiley & Sons. ge: http://www.foodnetwork.co.uk/video/ice-cream-flavours-shock-your-taste-buds.html OFFICI AL Immune Reaction within a Lymph Node OFFICI AL Introduction to Immune Response and Immunity OFFICI AL Learning Objectives-Revisited By the end of today’s session you will be able to: Identify the different parts of the lymphatic system Discuss the formation of lymph including its circulation and capillary exchange Discuss the functions of the lymphatic system Describe the location, structure and function of spleen and thymus (lymph organs) OFFICI AL THANK YOU Any questions? Thank You. Any