LU1 Basic concepts of communication and society.pptx

Basic concepts of communication and society 1. Defining communication 2. Assumptions about communication 3. Principles of communication  1. Defining Communication The point highlights sharing Communication...

Basic concepts of communication and society 1. Defining communication 2. Assumptions about communication 3. Principles of communication  1. Defining Communication The point highlights sharing Communication activities among people that Latin word - Communicare “to involve human behaviours. make common” or “to share” Other point: Social People interact and exchange messages. interaction the process of using messages to generate meaning. a process because it is an activity when you participate, an exchange, or a set of behaviors. What is behaviour*? - Human makes body movement to communicate and do things. It can be a general word and a terminology (Psychology). - Movement or action - voluntary actions (e.g., waving) and involuntary ones (e.g., In Psychology: blinking). "any overt (observable) From psychological perspective: response or activity by an - Behavior is the primary manifestation of organism" (Schacter, Gilbert, & underlying cognitive, emotional, and Wegner, 2017, p. 8). neurological processes. - This can include organisms’ - By studying behaviour, psychologists gain actions, thoughts, and feelings that insight into how the human mind works. can be observed and measured by *behaviour - fluid and underdefind concept other people. in Social Sciences (Carpentier, 2015, p.13)  Social behaviour “Social behavior characterizes the Emotional Expression: interactions that occur among individuals. These can be aggressive, How emotions are mutualistic, cooperative, altruistic, and displayed and understood parental” (Rubenstein & Rubenstein, 2013, p. 571). varies across cultures and contexts. Social behavior is influenced by societal expectations (social norms) and Social behavior determines unwritten rules. both the expression and Roles dictate how individuals should act perception of emotions in in specific positions (e.g., a parent, social interactions. teacher, or leader).  Useful Social Behaviours to Manage Work-Related Task Proactive - react ahead of Example of widely time. communication Reactive - go with the flow. behaviours discussed Creative - useful & novel Passive (unique) ideas. Assertive Innovative - develop or Aggresive change the standard procedures, processes, and products. 2. Assumptions about communication  Assumptions about communication Shared Shared Reciprocity understanding meaning communicatio Communicatio people n involves a n is generally commonly give-and-take assumed to be understand exchange of fundamental to the meaning information. societal behind interactions. communicate d messages.  Assumptions about communication Clarity and Intent and Linear transparency impact transmission requires clear and the sender's intent communication transparent matches the impact follows a linear expression of of the message on model, where a thoughts, feelings, the receiver. and intentions. message is sent People may assume from a sender to individuals can that if they mean a receiver accurately convey well, their message through a their messages will be received channel. without distortion or positively, misunderstanding. regardless of how it's delivered.  Assumptions about communication Verbal dominance Stability of Rationality meanings verbal rational process communication is meanings are driven by logic more important or stable and and reason. effective than unchanging over nonverbal this overlooks the time. communication. role of emotions, nonverbal cues such but meanings can biases, and as body language, evolve, shift, or subconscious facial expressions be renegotiated influences in and tone of voice through shaping play in conveying communication communication meaning. processes. dynamics. 3. Principles of communication Principles of communication in societal context 1. Active listening 2. Clarity and conciseness Engaging in attentive and Communicating messages empathetic listening to clearly and succinctly to avoid understand others' ambiguity or confusion. perspectives. 3. Respect for diversity Recognizing and respecting cultural differences in communication styles, norms, values, and beliefs.  The Role of Communication in Shaping Societal Norms 1. Transmission of cultural 2. Socialization and values Enculturation through various channels such socialize individuals into their as language, media, and respective cultures by interpersonal interactions, teaching them acceptable serves as a vehicle for behaviors, roles, and transmitting cultural values identities. from one generation to another. family, peers, schools, and media, individuals learn the through storytelling, norms of their society and education, and socialization, internalize them as part of individuals learn about the their identity. norms, traditions, and expectations of their society.  The Role of Communication in Shaping Societal Norms 3. Normative Influence 4. Norm Reinforcement exerts normative influence by to reinforce societal norms shaping perceptions of what is through various mechanisms, considered normal or including social rewards and acceptable behavior within a sanctions. society. positive reinforcement, such through social comparison, as praise or approval, individuals gauge their encourages adherence to behaviors and attitudes norms, while negative against those of others, reinforcement, such as leading to conformity with criticism or ostracism, societal norms. discourages deviation from norms.  The Role of Communication in Shaping Societal Norms 5. Media Representation 6. Discourse and power dynamics mass media, including reflect and perpetuate power television, film, literature, and dynamics within society, influencing whose voices are heard, whose social media, play a significant perspectives are valued, and whose role in shaping societal norms experiences are marginalized. by depicting and perpetuating certain cultural ideals, Dominant groups often shape stereotypes, and values. discourse to maintain their privilege and reinforce existing can influence public attitudes norms, while marginalized groups and behaviors by normalizing may use communication to or stigmatizing certain challenge and subvert dominant norms. behaviors or identities.  The Role of Communication in Shaping Societal Norms 7. Social movements and change facilitates social change by enabling collective action, mobilizing support, and challenging existing norms and power structures. Social movements, grassroots activism, and advocacy efforts often rely on communication strategies to raise awareness, build coalitions, and effect change in societal norms and practices.  Ethical considerations in societal communication Transparency and Respect for diversity truthfulness Communicators must respect Every communicator should and embrace the diversity of strive to be honest and voices and perspectives within transparent in their society. interactions within society. Social responsibility Consent and privacy Communicators bear the Respecting individuals' responsibility to ensure that privacy and obtaining consent their messages contribute for communication is essential positively to society. in societal interactions. 4. Communication Skills: Active Listening  Active Listening Active Listening: Listening: Not all communication require active listening. Goes beyond just hearing sounds. Active listening is a critical skill in effective communication. It's an active process of making a conscious effort to the listener is fully engaged, hear, understand, and understands, responds, and interpret the information retains the information being shared. presented. Hearing is a passive act, Helps to build trust, listening requires active understanding, and fosters a engagement. deeper connection between the communicator and the listener.  Active Listening Perform interactive communication through LISTENING DEFINITION: make an effort to hear something. ACTIVE LISTENING Applying 5 processes: i. Pay attention. ii. Show that you're listening. iii. Provide feedback. iv. Defer judgment. v. Retain some info for later use  Applying 5 Processes in Active Listening: 1. Pay Attention: 2. Show That You're Listening: Focus entirely on the speaker. Use body language to convey Avoid interrupting or thinking your attentiveness: nod about your response while the occasionally, maintain eye speaker is talking. contact, and use open posture. Provide small verbal affirmations like "I see," "Uh- huh," to encourage the speaker.  Applying 5 Processes in Active Listening: 3. Provide Feedback: 4. Defer Judgment: Paraphrase or summarize what the speaker said to ensure you Avoid interrupting with understood correctly: "So, what counterarguments or you're saying is..." immediately expressing your opinion. Ask open-ended questions to clarify certain points or to get Create a safe environment more information. where the speaker feels their viewpoint is valued.  Applying 5 Processes in Active Listening: 5. Retain Information for Later Use: Taking mental or physical notes can aid in recalling key points later. Reflect on the information after the conversation, allowing it to be internalized and remembered.  Active Listening in T&L Skill of Asking Question They include: Benefit i.Taking notes. Questions help clarify ii. Answer questions if asked by understanding. lecturers. They foster deeper engagement iii. Asking questions: with the material. Asking proper and They signal interest and active understandable question is a participation. skill. Practice. Questions lead to growth, understanding, and knowledge expansion.  Skills of Asking Question Understanding Cultural Overcoming the Hesitation: Perspectives: 1. Start Small: Begin with questions in smaller group In some Eastern cultures, students settings or one-on-one with the might hesitate to ask questions out instructor. of respect for authority or fear of appearing uninformed. 2. Write it Down: approach the In academic settings, questions lecturer afterward. are encouraged and seen as a sign 3. Use Technology: Utilize of engagement, not disrespect. online forums, chat groups, or email to ask your questions.  Skills of Asking Question Few Tips to Ask Question Be Mindful of Tone: The way a question is asked can impact the response. A 1. Be concise and clear non-confrontational and curious tone encourages open dialogue. Stick to one main idea per question. Practice Active Listening: Once you've Be specific in what you're asking. asked your question, listen attentively to the answer. This may guide your Stay Neutral: Avoid leading follow-up questions and demonstrates questions that might influence the respect to the responder. answer. Instead of "Don't you think this is the best method?", ask "What are your thoughts on this method?" CLASS ACTIVITY Give an explanation regarding the following: a. Based on your understanding, what are the definition of communication. b. What are the communication skills needed by individuals to communicate with others. c. Write in eLeap under Activity 2