HIV Presentation PDF

Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) By: Dr.Nermeen Abdeen Lecturer of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases Alexandria Faculty of medicine  ILO’s  Recognize HIV as a disease of epidemiological significance...

Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) By: Dr.Nermeen Abdeen Lecturer of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases Alexandria Faculty of medicine  ILO’s  Recognize HIV as a disease of epidemiological significance and essential reporting to national and international health care systems.  Apply standard case definition to diagnose HIV.  Describe the viral structure, replication, mode as well as the cycle of infection.  Understand the role of CD4 cells in pathogenesis and immune response to HIV.  Recognize the clinical presentation of HIV with its different stages.  Recognize HIV as an important cause of persistent unexplained diarrhea and lymphadenopathy.  Categorize complications of HIC according to CD4 count.  Interpret laboratory test results used for HIV diagnosis.  Identify clinical indications of antiretroviral drugs and their adverse effects.  Demonstrate knowledge of post-exposure to HIV prophylaxis. What is Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)? HIV is a unique virus (retrovirus) that causes progressive immune system dysfunction which predisposes patients to various opportunistic infections and malignancies Infects only humans Invades the helper T cells (CD4 cells) in the body of the host (defense mechanism of a person)  Natural history of HIV 1. infection Acute Retroviral Syndrome (Acute HIV infection) In 40-90%, acute "flu-like" illness 2-6 wks post- exposure (fever, myalgia, pharyngitis, LN, rash, arthralgia, GI symptoms, oral ulcers, weight loss) lasting 10-15 days Lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia In 10-20% aseptic meningitis High level of viremia and high risk of transmission  Natural history of HIV infection 2. Asymptomatic (Latent) Stage HIV infects and replicates in CD4+ T lymphocytes (lymph nodes) Normal CD4 count: 500-1,100 cells/mm3 CD4 count drops 60-100 cells/mm3 per year By 10 years post-infection, 50% have AIDS, 30% demonstrate milder symptoms, and