LM_Q1_W4_Electronics Robotics PDF

 Introductory Message For the facilitator: Welcome to the Electronics STE 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Tools and Equipment. This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators from public institutions to assist you, the teacher or...

 Introductory Message For the facilitator: Welcome to the Electronics STE 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Tools and Equipment. This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators from public institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator, in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling. This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances. In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the module: Notes to the Teacher This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in guiding the learners. As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners’ progress while allowing them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module. For the learner: Welcome to the Electronics STE 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Tools and Equipment. This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner. This module has the following parts and corresponding icons: This will give you an idea of the skills or competencies you are expected to learn in the What I Need to Know module. This part includes an activity that aims to check what you already know about the lesson to take. If you get all the answers correct (100%), you may What I Know decide to skip this module. 1  This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current lesson with the previous one. What’s In In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you in various ways; a story, a song, a poem, a What’s problem opener, an activity or a situation. New This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson. This aims to help you discover and understand new What is It concepts and skills. This comprises activities for independent practice to solidify your understanding and skills of the topic. You What’s may check the answers to the exercises using the More Answer Key at the end of the module. This includes questions or blank sentence/ paragraph to be filled in to process what you learned What I Have from the lesson. Learned This section provides an activity which will help you transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life What I Can situations or concerns. Do This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of mastery in achieving the learning competency. Assessment In this portion, another activity will be given to you to Additional enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson learned. Activities This contains answers to all activities in the module. Answer Key At the end of this module you will also find: References - This is a list of all sources used in developing this module. The following are some reminders in using this module: 1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises. 2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included in the module. 3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task. 4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers. 5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next. 6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it. If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it! 2 What I Need to Know This module covers the basic tools, equipment, and supplies needed for basic electronics. This module discusses the uses of different tools and equipment in electronics At the end of this module, you are expected to: 1. describe the essential tools for basic electronics and its functions; and 2. Identify the possible scope and limitations of projects that can be accomplished with basic tools, equipment, and supplies. 3. appreciate the importance and purpose of each tool by creating a brochure. What I Know Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Use a separate sheet of paper for the answer. 1. For an electromagnet experiment you are given the task to peel the wire’s insulator, which of the following items fits best for getting the job right? a. Wire Cutter c. Wire Stripper B. Wire Gauze d. Wire Tapper 2. What does the C in LCR meter stands for? a. Cathode c. Conductance b. Connection d. Capacitance 3. You are asked to test the circuit schematic using a temporary connection, which of the following actions could be a practical way of doing so? a. Use a breadboard c. Use a soldering iron b. Use a frequency modulator d. Use a thermistor 4. Which of the following tools can be used for determining the impedance? a. Soldering station c. Bench power supply b. LCR meter d. Rheostat 3 5. What gear can be used to adjust and even set limit to the current with relative voltage adjustment? a. Rectifier network c. Voltage b. Transformer d. Bench power supply regulator 6. Which instrument is capable of determining waveforms? a. Cathode ray ocyclocop c. Cos Phi Meter b. Tachometer d. Oscilloscope 7. Which item is a consumable an not an equipment? a. Digital Multimeter c. LCM meter b. Potentiometer d. Oscilloscope 8. Which item is a tool and not a consumable? a. Plier c. Stranded wire b. Resistor d. Soldering paste 9. Which of the following item does not belong to the group? a. Soldering paste c. LED b. Hot air gun d. Soldering iron 10. Which of the following item is used for solderless connection? a. Breadboard c. Rosin core b. Solid wire d. Fuse 11. Which metals are used for the alloy of a solder? a. Tin and Lead c. Nickel and Aluminum b. Copper and Iron d. Platinum and Tungsten 12. In which equipment would you be reading a plot of voltage or current over time? a. Digital multimeter c. LCR meter b. Oscilloscope d. Soldering station 13. Which of the following is not usually needed in a basic electronics workshop? a. Sponge c. Syringe b. Tweezer d. Glue gun 14. Which of the following should not be done while working with electronics? a. Use the appropriate screwdriver to match the screw, b. Use an LCR meter to determine inductance. c. Use your finger to test if the soldering iron is working. d. Use an oscilloscope for analyzing voltage rise and drop. 15. Where would resistors and other small components best kept? a. Pouch c. Bottles b. Cabinet d. In an pen area with ample sunlight What’s In Directions: Arrange the items from highest to lowest based on the given property. Use a separate piece of paper for your answer. Conductivity Insulation Property Copper Mica Silver Porcelain Iron Teflon Nichrome Oils Aluminum Rubber Tungsten Paper Gold Air Glass Bakelite What’s New This module will introduce some of the basic equipment as well as terms that you will see and hear in an electronics workshop or laboratory. To see if you are familiar with these items and terms, try and search for these words in box of letters below. Use a separate piece of paper to list down the 10 hidden words in this word hunt. 5  Tools and Equipment What is It The multimeter is a tool used for measuring several electronic variables, this includes the voltage, the current, and the resistance. A multimeter can also be used to measure the continuity of wires and other components. This is indeed handy for complex projects where visual inspection cannot be enough to reveal which section is with fault or is not functioning in the expected range of value. The use of the multimeter can help users save time and be more precise with their measurement. Precision and accuracy are both valuable in electronics especially in circuits that are sensitive even to minor fluctuations of inputs and outputs. An auto-range multimeter is recommended because this saves you time in determining as to what range of values your reading may fall into. Figure 1 Multimeter Putting component together or simple reconnecting components and wires are common activities in electronics. This is where you need to use a soldering station. The soldering station is composed of several tools. The common main components are as follows: contact soldering irons; desoldering tweezers; desoldering gun; hot air gun; infrared heater and stand. A recommended soldering station is one with adjustable values for power. When the power can vary, this means that you have control over the temperature of your soldering iron. There are also soldering iron with several types of tips that can be used for various circuit setups and sizes. A soldering station also requires a soldering wire that is made of lead and tin (preferably at 60/40 lead to tin ratio). This soft metal melts at a temperature of around 88 °C – 482 °C. A soldering flux is also necessary if you wish to hold parts as the soldering wire melts. Some soldering wire is already incorporated with flux. Remember to clean the tip of your soldering iron with the wet sponge or steel wool usually found together with the stand. Figure 2 Soldering Station The multimeter can measure several values as what we mentioned earlier. This includes the basic values like voltage, current, and resistance as well as other values like frequencies and even state of continuity in contrast to an oscilloscope which can only measure directly voltage. Now you maybe thinking what makes an oscilloscope (or simply a scope) necessary if it can only measure voltage unlike a multimeter meter. An oscilloscope maybe limited to only measuring voltage but the details based on voltage reading is with far greater information that a multimeter cannot present. This makes an oscilloscope a separate and more expensive tool compared to multimeter. With an oscilloscope you can actually measure the amount of voltage over time, this is crucial in intermediate to advance electronic projects. A oscilloscope can also show you a graph of the waveform. Figure 3 Oscilloscope A high voltage power supply sounds good on paper but for a beginner project that doesn’t require tremendous amount of power, it is more practical to buy a decent bench DC power source. This power supply has a range of DC voltage values that you can adjust for testing purpose and for powering your circuit even if it is not fully finished yet. You can also use a bench power supply to drive sections of your circuits and conduct other experiments and test without the need of full voltage or current input. A bench power supply can also function as a limiter of your current and voltage. This means that you can control the amount of current and voltage that flows in the circuit. Figure 4 DC Bench Power Source A wire stripper is a simple tool similar in appearance with a plier; however, the main purpose of this tool is to remove the wire insulator effectively without damaging the wire conductor. This may seem more of an accessory rather than an essential tool. But when you begin working with wires, you may want not to damage the entire wiring setup just because you just need a small portion of the wire to be exposed. This also works for cables of course. Figure 5 Wire Stripper A plier or a wire cutter is best suited for cutting wire. These tools cleanly cuts the wire and even provide insulation in the handles to avoid getting electrocuted if you cut wires that are still live (which is not recommended anyway).  Figure 6 Wire Cutter Screws come in various sizes for special purpose. Since we have varying screws. This requires various screwdrivers as well. As part of the basic tools for electronics a set of screwdrivers is a must. Figure 7 Screwdriver Some components in electronics are rather small. A tweezer can be used for handling components too small for fingers. Figure 8 Tweezer A breadboard is a solderless method of putting together parts. Basically a breadboard is plate where components can be inserted and removed. Testing connections and running state of circuits can be first tested on a breadboard before permanent connections using a soldering is done.  Figure 9 Breadboard If you are working with inductors, capacitors, and resistors, you may want to have a LCR meter with you. An LCR meter is specially designed to measure inductance, capacitance, and resistance. This instrument resembles a multimeter or sometimes an oscilloscope (depending on the model) but the values being measured are mainly what the name implies. LCR which in electronics means L (inductance), C (capacitance), and R (resistance). Figure 10 LCR Meter Components in electronics comes in various sizes and this includes really small components. Sometimes it is very difficult to work with a component because of how small they are, this is why you need a magnifier, lamp and desk clamp. A clamp is a secure way of holding components while giving your hands freedom to do some other tasks instead of holding your circuit. Just imagine trying to solder something with somebody holding the piece with a shaky hand. It would very difficult to work on such condition and it is also dangerous. A station where all three tools is available and it even comes with a stand for your soldering iron.  Figure 11 Magnifier, Lamp, and Desk Clamp Sticking to your plan is crucial to the success of your project. A computer to help you in simulating your work and showing you the schematic would be very nice to help you accomplish your project in the way you wish it to be. Calculators to aid you double check values and maintain expected range of quantities with the help of your meters is also integral for keeping numbers in tab. Figure 12 Computer and Calculator Some of the consumables that are essentials for basic electronics are: Resistors LEDs Potentiometers and Rheostats Switch Wires (solid and stranded) including jumper wires  Sensors Modules Arduino kit (if budget permits) Each of the component above will be discussed in their own respective modules. It is also advisable to buy a cabinet for storing screws, resistors, and other small components. The need to put together electronic components is usually achieved by soldering; however, some parts need to glued to form the body or the frame of the project. For attaching materials to the project’s surface and for organizing wires, a glue gun is also essential. Figure 13 Breadboard What’s More Below is a list of situations that requires the used of tools. Identify which tool or combination of tools must be used to solve the problems and explain reason for choosing it. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answer. Situation A: You noticed that your electric fan is not anymore working. You suspected that your fan may be broken; however, you noticed that even the charger is not charging your phone. You decided to unplug the charger and tried plugging it in a different outlet. It did continued charging. Because of this you suspected that the outlet may be faulty. Which tool will you use to test the outlet? Tool: ______________________ Reason:  ________________________________________________________________ Situation B: Your instructor assigned you to test the circuit diagram by making temporary connections using jumper wires and resistors. You instructor told you before attending to the other groups to make sure that the connection is temporary but at the same time be able to test whether the circuit does work based on the connection from the diagram. Which item can be used to perform temporary connections. Tool: ______________________ Reason: ________________________________________________________________ Situation C: Your experiment in inductance requires that you peel a wire so that you can make an air core inductor. You are given the role of peeling 5 meters of wire. You are also tasked to look for a possible power source where you can control the current and voltage output to see how this affect the magnetic flux density of the coil. Identify the which tool is needed for peeling the wire and which tool is needed for providing variable current and voltage? Tools: ______________________ Reason: ________________________________________________________________ INDEPENDENT ACTIVITY 1 Directions: Provide a short explanation for the following questions. Use the provided answer sheet to check whether you explanation matches in context. 1. If both digital multimeter and oscilloscope measure voltage, why would you still buy an oscilloscope considering even if you already own a multimeter? 2. Why would you prefer to use temporary connections of breadboard when you can make a permanent connection by means of soldering? 3. A screwdriver kit is consisting of more than one screwdriver. Why would you buy more than one screwdriver? INDEPENDENT ASSESSMENT 1 Directions: Identify the item that suits the indicated need. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Which tool should you use if you need to remove screws from your project? 2. Which set of tools must you use in order to hold a circuit and look closely into its small components? 3. In order to measure the capacitance, which gear must be used? 4. For measuring the time constant, which equipment must be used? 5. To check a wire’s continuity what equipment is preferably used? 6. Which tool is used to melt solder for joining components? 7. For handling and picking up small components, what tool can be best used? 8. If you intent to cut a wire, what appropriate tool should be used? 9. For removing insulation of the wire, which component is deemed useful? 10. Which item is used for solderless connection of component? INDEPENDENT ACTIVITY 2 Directions: Formulate an advice that can be best suited to the following situations. Consider your answer correct if it is similar in context to the statement in the answer key. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Situation A: In one of your experiment, you see one of you classmate in an attempt to bite a very thin wire because he wants to cut it. He said that since the wire is very thin using his teeth is as good as using a scissor. What would you tell your classmate? 2. Situation B: While trying to run your circuit, you found out that it won’t even power on. The circuit that you’ve been working at is very basic. Your instructor told you to check if the wires are good. Your groupmates asked you how can this be done. What will you tell them? 3. Situation C: One of your classmate said that he wanted to temporarily put up a circuit just for testing purpose. While you are discussing about this trial, a friend of yours suggested that you solder the components. Will you agree to this proposition? Why? Why not? INDEPENDENT ASSESSMENT 2 Directions: Write true if the statement is correct otherwise replace the underlined word to make the statement correct. Write the answer on a separate sheet of paper. 1. A wire stripper is used for picking up small components. 2. The multimeter can measure resistance. 3. Using a screwdriver for cutting wires is better than using a common scissor. 4. The oscilloscope is cheaper than a multimeter. 5. The wire stripper is designed to peel wires and cables. 6. A solder requires 500 °C to melt. 7. The tip of the soldering iron requires cleaning after use. 8. You can use a wet sponge for cleaning tip of a soldering iron even if it is still on. 9. The fume from the soldering is safe to inhale. 10. Consumables are important items for a functional electronic lab and workshops. INDEPENDENT ACTIVITY 3 Connect the oscilloscope to the circuit below. Use channel A of the oscilloscope and connect the probe between the fourth resistor and the capacitor. Do not forget to connect the oscilloscope to a ground. Draw the answer on a separate sheet of paper. INDEPENDENT ASSESSMENT 3 Directions: Use the jumbled letter to identify the instrument being described. Write the answer on a separate sheet of paper. lociocoslpse 1. An instrument use for reading waveforms. mtiuermtle 2. An instrument use for measuring voltage, current, and resistance. eiplr 3. A tool that can be used for cutting wire. olnsiegdr 4. The process of permanently putting together component using an alloy of lead and tin. cdtiunecan 5. The "L" in the LCR meter refers to this value. urnctre 6. The movement of electrons or charge carriers. rmepae 7. Relative to the voltage, this quantity can be limited using a bench power supply. luxf 8. A special compound used for soldering. aovletg 9. This refers to the potential difference. aeeintsrcs 10. The ability of a material to resist current flow.  What I Have Learned I learned from this module that the (1)___________ is a tool used for measuring several electronic variables, this includes the voltage, the current, and the resistance. A (2) ___________ multimeter is recommended because this saves you time in determining as to what range of values your reading may fall into. For permanent connection of wires and components, I learned that (3) ___________ must be done. I also discovered that the (4) ___________ is an instrument that is meant to measure waveforms. If I need to power small circuits that doesn't require high voltage. I found out that I can use a (5)___________ as an adjustable power source. This module also taught me that if I need to remove the insulator of a wire, I can use a (6)___________ and for cutting wires I can use a (7)___________ instead of a scissor. As I explore this module, I remember reading that an (8)___________ is useful for measuring inductance, capacitance, and resistance. I also realized how important a (9)___________ as a one stop station for my soldering needs. However, for projects that requires solderless connection of components, I can use a (10)___________. What I Can Do Imagine that you are asked to promote electronic tools and equipment by making a brochure. Your client wants the following things to be included in the brochure: 5 picture or illustration of the tool/equipment brief text describing the function of each tool/equipment specification of the tools and features actual market price other notable features about the tool/equipment that the client may want to add to the brochure appealing design and layout for the brochure Once complete, show your work to the people in your household and conduct a survey in order to determine how convincing your material is based on the simple survey form below. You may want to make several copies of the form depending on how many people participated. Add the total number of stars to determine how good is your work.  Criteria 1: Do you find the illustration clear? Criteria 2: Are the functions stated clearly? Criteria 3: Is the description informative? Criteria 4: Are the features interesting? Criteria 5: Is the layout good? DO NOT CONDUCT THE SURVEY TAKE OUTSIDE YOUR HOME. ONLY ASK CARE THE PEOPLE WHO ARE ALWAYS AROUND WITH YOU. Assessment Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the answer on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Which of the following item is not consumable? a. Oscilloscope c. Resistor b. Jumper wire d. Solder 2. Which instrument is dedicated in measuring a capacitor’s capacitance? a. Oscilloscope c. Soldering iron b. LCR meter d. Calculator 3. If you wish to perform solderless connection, which would you likely use? a. Soldering iron c. Magnifier b. Breadboard d. Clamp 4. Which instrument is best used for checking the integrity of a wire? a. Magnifier c. Oscilloscope b. Soldering Station d. Multimeter 5. If you intend to measure the potential difference, which gear would you use? a. DMM b. OCP c.SCP d.MCC 6. Which component is not part of a soldering station? a. Hot air gun c. IR sensor b. IR heater d. Stand 7. In what instrument would you connect a component to test the inductance? a. Multimeter c. Oscilloscope b. LCR meter d. Soldering Station 8. Which of the following items will be required when picking up small components? I - Tweezer II - Magnifier III - Plier IV - Screwdriver a. I and II c. II and IV b. II and III d. I and IV 9. Which metals are used for making solder wire? a. Lead and Tungsten c. Tin and Lead b. Tin and Iron d. Nickel and Copper 10. At what temperature range is soldering usually performed? a. 10 °C – 500 °C c. 800 °C – 1,500 °C b. 27 °C – 900 °C d. 88 °C – 482 °C 11. What would likely happen to the voltage when you limit the current in a DC bench power supply? a. The voltage will be at random value. b. The voltage will not be greater than 1V. c. The voltage will be flowing parallel with the current.  d. The voltage will be limited relative to the current. 12. In which instrument or gear will you be looking at a waveform graph? a. Soldering Station c. Oscilloscope b. Digital Multimeter d. LCR meter 13. If the EMF is measured in voltage, what is for the current? a. Ampere c. Farad b. Henry d. Siemens 14. For removing the insulted coating of a wire, which instrument is best used? a. Plier c. Wire Stripper b. Cutter d. Desoldering pump 15. Which of the following procedures is best for permanent component connection? a. Connecting materials with a breadboard b. Fusing materials by means of soldering c. Probing a circuit with a DMM d. Checking components with a LCR meter Additional Activities Various models of instruments, gears, tools, and equipment are available in the market. Even though it is not advisable under the circumstance to go to an actual stores today to check items, it is still possible because of several online shops that offers a range of items and models to choose from. This module introduced an inventory of the basic items for electronics. However, this module cannot provide a review of the best model per item. In your spare time, why don’t you browse for items and take note of which item is affordable and is with good features and positive reviews. Make a list of the electronic equipment and tool that you wish to purchase or that you will recommend to those who are willing to buy. Knowledge of goods in the market can help you in buying and you can also extend your assistance to those who wants to buy one but can’t choose which model to purchase. Remember that most the items in this module doesn’t come cheap. That is why it is important that you are aware of which item is worth your money. The basis for reviewing the items could be as follows: Credible manufacturer Good customer service history Warranty Price  Availability of parts for repair Power consumption relative to performance Product release date (of course you want to have the latest model or anything close) Safety features Range of function If you have your own basis, feel free to use it. Go on and start reviewing products for electronics.