Gram-Negative Bacteria PDF
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This document provides detailed information on gram-negative bacteria, including their characteristics, habitats, symptoms, virulence factors, and other notable features. It categorizes different species and discusses their roles within various contexts, potentially used as course material.
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GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA (thin pd) NAME: Pathogenic Species: SHAPE: HABITAT: SYMPTOMS: VIRULENCE OTHER: (genus)...
GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA (thin pd) NAME: Pathogenic Species: SHAPE: HABITAT: SYMPTOMS: VIRULENCE OTHER: (genus) FACTORS: PROTEOBACTERIA A) Escherichia E. coli - -Gut of humans diarrhoea, fever - endotoxin (all g-) - -Part of the family: heterotrophic and animals enterotoxin (some) Enterobacteriaceae -facultative -peritrichous flagella (motility) anaerobic - G-ve rod -most strains normal flora, and some are pathogenic -infection by animal, food (0157,0111) B) Salmonella S.enterica: - -Normal flora - endotoxin (with -food borne infection heterotrophic in animal gut antigen) -facultative only -enterotoxin (in gut) - anaerobic - -pathogenic to cytotoxic G-ve rod humans - self-limiting diarrhoea S.typhi: -water borne infection - typhoid fever (fatal) C) vibrio V. cholera: -heterotrophic - -Mainly marine -causes cholera - exotoxin (cholera -Motile various flagella -most pathogenic facultative -can cause gut (severe toxin) arrangements - vibrio species anaerobic - G-ve infection diarrhoea) -rare common in sewage curved rod seafood borne contamination disease D) Pseudomonas P. AERUGINOSA: -heterotrophic -Present in soil E.g., burns and -innate antibiotic -polar -infection hospital-acquired (nosocomial) - -aerobic and water contact lenses resistance infections are common but person - G-ve curved rod infection - low membrane flagellum(motility) transmission is rare permeability -motile -opportunistic pathogen - haemolysin (break - LARGE GENOME (6mb) hence blood) metabolically versatile (helps -proteases (break colonise diverse niches) protein) E) Neisseria -heterotrophic -mammalian -capsule: evasion of -aerobic mucous immune response - G-ve diplococci membranes -fimbriae: adhesion to -carrier: back tissues N. gonorrhoeae: - of throat, nose gonorrhoea (std) -safranin stain: N. meningitis: -meningitis (meningococcal disease) -inflammation of meninges (in brain) → fever ,rash ,headache ,confusion and death. F) Rickettsia -heterotrophic -various fever -adhesion -Cannot be grown in vitro-only in -aerobic diseases -phospholipase tissue culture - G-ve coccobacilli (arthropod bites) -bacteria very dependent on host metabolism -headache, fever, -intracellular parasite of R. prowazekii: arthropods e.g., lice rash. -epidemic typhus - SMALL DEGENRATE GENOME -overcrowded condition( transmitted by (1mb) louse) -specialised lifestyle (zoonotic)
