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LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL THE RIZAL LAW OF 1956 SUMMATIVE #1 ★​ The life and works of Rizal (Rizal By: @nicolaenca Course in the old curriculum) was...

LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL THE RIZAL LAW OF 1956 SUMMATIVE #1 ★​ The life and works of Rizal (Rizal By: @nicolaenca Course in the old curriculum) was created as an act of Congress. ----------------------------------- ★​ Republic Act No. 1425 The Rizal Law of 1956 ★​ Approved by President Ramon (REPUBLIC ACT 1425) Magsaysay on June 12, 1956 ★​ OFFICIAL TITLE: ​ ➔​ AN ACT TO INCLUDE IN THE 3 BRANCHES OF THE PH GOVERNMENT ★​ Equal to each other CURRICULA OF ALL PUBLIC AND ★​ Different with one another PRIVATE SCHOOLS, COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES COURSES ON THE LIFE, I) Executive WORKS AND WRITINGS OF JOSE ​ HEAD OF THE EXECUTIVE: President RIZAL, PARTICULARLY HIS NOVELS NOLI ○​ Once approved, that’s the time ME TANGERE AND EL FILIBUSTERISMO, the bill becomes law AUTHORIZING THE PRINTING AND ○​ If the president rejects a bill, DISTRIBUTION THEREOF, AND FOR “VETO POWER” (A veto is a OTHER PURPOSES legal power to stop an official action unilaterally. ) ★​ PARAGRAPHS THAT START WITH ​ Bill will go back to the “WHEREAS” senate ○​ If the bill is voted (override) the bill can be approved law II) Legislative ​ The primary responsibility of legislators ​ LAWS ​ Legislative branch: Congress ○​ Congress is divided into 2 chambers ​ UPPER HOUSE: senate ​ LOWER HOUSE: house of representatives (H.O.R) ​ IF EVER THERE ARE DIFFERENCES IN BOTH VERSIONS OF THE BILL, they both have to reconcile and submit the approved bill to the head of the executive ​ BILL - “panukalang batas” (not yet a law) III) Judiciary @nicolaenca  PREAMBLE (“purpose”) OF THE RIZAL LAW school, should be suffused WHEREAS, today, ​ Rededication more than any to nationalism WHEREAS, all other period of our educational history, there is a institutions need for a are under the rededication to the supervision of, and ideals of freedom subject to and nationalism regulation by the for which our State, and heroes lived and all schools are died; enjoined to develop WHEREAS, it is meet ​ Identifying Rizal moral character, that in honoring as one of the personal discipline, them, particularly heroes who civic conscience the national hero shaped the and to teach the and patriot Jose national duties of Rizal, we remember character citizenship. with special fondness and devotion their lives SECTION 1 - RA 1425 and works that have Courses on the life, works and writings of shaped the Jose Rizal, particularly his novel Noli Me national character Tangere and El Filibusterismo, shall be included in the curricula of all schools, WHEREAS, the life, ​ Identifies the 2 colleges and universities, public or private: works and writing novels: noli me ➔​ Provided, That in the collegiate of Jose Rizal, tangere and el courses, the original or unexpurgated particularly his filibusterismo editions of the Noli Me Tangere and El novels Noli Me Filibusterismo or their English Tangere and El translation shall be used as basic Filibusterismo, are texts. a constant and inspiring source of SECTION 2 - RA 1425 patriotism with It shall be obligatory on all schools, colleges which the minds of and universities to keep in their libraries an the youth, adequate number of copies of the original especially during and unexpurgated editions of the Noli Me their formative and Tangere and El Filibusterismo, as well as of decisive years in @nicolaenca  HISTORICAL AND SOCIAL CONTEXT OF RA Rizal’s other works and biography. The said 1425: unexpurgated editions of the Noli Me ★​ Sen. Recto saw a need for a law Tangere and El Filibusterismo or their promoting patriotism and translations in English as well as other nationalism writings of Rizal shall be included in the list ★​ The 1950s is a period of of approved books for required reading in all neocolonialism and Cold war. public or private schools, colleges and ★​ Despite being an independent universities. nation, the Philippines was still SECTION 3 - RA 1425 under the influence of the united states. The Board of National Education shall cause ○​ Parity rights the translation of the Noli Me Tangere and El ○​ Military Bases Agreement Filibusterismo, as well as other writings of Jose Rizal into English, Tagalog and the PARITY RIGHTS principal Philippine dialects; cause them to ★​ Granting U.S citizens and be printed in cheap, popular editions; and corporations rights to PH natural cause resources equal to (in parity with) them to be distributed, free of charge, to those of Philippine citizens, contrary persons desiring to read them, through the to Article XIII in the 1935 Philippine Purok organizations and Barrio Councils constitution, necessitating a throughout the country. constitutional amendment. ★​ The US would not give funds for THE STORY: postwar rehabilitation of the PH ★​ Sen. Claro M. Recto authored the unless parity rights were granted to original Rizal Bill requiring college the Americans. students to read and study the life and works of Rizal. ​ NATIONAL CHARACTER = IDENTITY ★​ SB 438: An Act to Make Noli Me ​ Noli Me Tangere and El Tangere and El Filibusterismo Filibusterismo = 19th-century Compulsory Reading in All Public ○​ We must be able to and Private Universities and for contemporize = relating it to Other Purposes the present. ★​ Senator Jose P. Laurel, Chairman of ○​ RIZAL was talking about the Education Committee, social cancer afflicting sponsored the bill. society ○​ Senate Bill 438 ​ Oppression ○​ House Bill 5561 – Rep. ​ Abuse Jocobo Gonzales, Rep. Jose ​ Corruption B. Laurel Jr. (House Speaker) ​ Which all issues are still present today. @nicolaenca  OPPOSITION AGAINST THE RIZAL BILL SUPPORTERS OF THE RIZAL BILL Lobbying Veteranos de la Revolucion Filipina ➔​ Influencing other people ➔​ Composed of revolutionary war veterans The bill met opposition from the Catholic Church. Alagad ni Rizal ➔​ Rizal bill as anti-church ➔​ The religious beliefs of the young Knights of the Grand Order of Rizal students would be harmed Freemasons ➔​ Violation of the constitutional freedom of religion Jesuit historian Fr. Horacio de la Costa, SJ. ➔​ Admitted the abuses and mistakes Catholic Organizations of the Catholic Church and Rizal only ➔​ Accion Catolica exposed these in his novels. ◆​ composed of conservative Catholics ➔​ Knights of Columbus THE COMPROMISE ➔​ Congregation of the Mission ➔​ Catholic Teachers’ Guild Sen. Laurel authored the substitute bill Rufino Cardinal Santos Compares to the original bill, the substitute ➔​ Rizal bill will cause disaffection of contained a provision allowing students to the youth against the Catholic seek exemption from reading Rizal’s works Church. for religious reasons but not from taking the course. Fr. Jesus Cavanna ➔​ Rizal’s novels painted a false picture of the conditions of the DURING 1956 country. It contained more ➔​ The PH was just a new country anti-church statrements than ➔​ “Baby Republic” nationalistics statements. ➔​ Known as the period of Neocolonialism Senator Francisco “Soc” Rodrigo ◆​ INDIRECT control/influence ➔​ He would not allow his 17-year old over another country son to read Rizal’s novels because 1946 these will harm his faith. ➔​ PH gained independence from US ➔​ PH was devastated by the war Congressman Miguel Cuenco ◆​ Resulting to: ➔​ Many statements i the novel are ​ Needing money against the Catholic doctrine and ​ PH politicians asked sacraments. for rehabilitation funds for money to American Politicians @nicolaenca ----------------------------------- social improvement and to protect their interest. Recto’s Concept of Nationalism ➔​ According to historian Teodoro Basics of Nationalism Agoncillo (1974), nationalism is a ​ Nationalism - a sentiment in which militant. a person manifests his pride in ★​ Offensive being part of a nation. ○​ Acquire independence ​ A person who exhibits nationalism ○​ When it is used by colonized shows loyalty to the nation for people to achieve unity and which he is willing to serve its independence in defiance of interests. the colonizing country ​ FOR RECTO: ○​ Enemy of imperialism ○​ Nationalism is the natural antagonist of There was no Filipino nation from the colonialism/imperialism beginning ○​ Independence cannot be complete until the last What is now known as the Philippines traces of colonialism was composed of COMMUNITIES called ○​ Peaceful but militant BARANGAYS (for the Tagologs) assertion of sovereignty in the struggle for complete It was during the Spanish colonization in independence 1565 when the Philippines achieved “geographical unity,” but communities Basic Components of Nationalism were still divided from each other. 1)​ Growing and Deepening Spanish Colonials officials adopted the Consciousness strategy of “divide et impera” (divide 2)​ One with the People’s History and rule). 3)​ Nationalism is nourished by a sense ➔​ The Philippines was divided into of history. different administrative units a)​ intimate communion with supervised by the colonial gov’t their thoughts, their deeds, ◆​ Provinces and their noble lives. ◆​ Pueblos 4)​ Firm belief in the genius of our race ◆​ Barangays ➔​ The strategy prevented the NATIONALISM IN THE PHILIPPINE CONTEXT natives to achieve unity as a ➔​ According to historian Teodoro group of people forming a nation. Agoncillo (1974), nationalism is a sentiment. ★​ Defensive in nature ○​ Protect people’s independence political life. To direct their economic and @nicolaenca  THE COLONIAL SOCIETY 1)​ PENINSULARES ​ Spaniards who were born in Spain and settled in the Philippines 2)​ INSULARES/CREOLES ​ Spaniards born in the Philippines 3)​ MESTIZOS DE ESPAÑOL ​ Children of Spaniards and natives 4)​ PRINCIPALIA ​ Influential group of rich natives ​ Middle class 5)​ INDIOS ​ Natives ​ It was difficult for the natives to forge unity against Spain because of the insular character of the Philippines and linguistic diversity. The lack of national unity existed until the 19th century when the Filipino elite clarmored for reforms in the administration of the colonial government ➔​ Rizal was part of the Reform Movement ----------------------------------- @nicolaenca