La Consolacion College Tanauan Basic Education Department SY 2024-2025 Earth's Interior PDF

UNIT 1: PLATE TECTONICS The class will be divided into two (2) groups. Both groups will compete to decode the hidden word based on the hint provided. They have to raise their hand and shout their “Spell word” to answer. GROUP 1: “ABRA” GROUP 2: “KADABRA” The group with highest score wi...

UNIT 1: PLATE TECTONICS The class will be divided into two (2) groups. Both groups will compete to decode the hidden word based on the hint provided. They have to raise their hand and shout their “Spell word” to answer. GROUP 1: “ABRA” GROUP 2: “KADABRA” The group with highest score will win the GAME. "I’m the skin of the Earth, but don’t try to peel me off! I’m where you live, build, and dig. I’m the thinnest layer, but I carry continents and oceans. I’m the top layer, thin but mighty” WHO AM I? CRUST  "I’m always on the move, but you’d never feel it. I flow slowly, kind of like hot fudge in a volcano sundae. I’m between the Crust and Core, and I keep things circulating. Tectonic plates are riding on my convection currents!" WHO AM I? MANTLE "I’m the densest, deepest part of the planet, and I’m solid. I’m made of iron and nickel, and I’m like the Earth’s ‘iron ball’. Even though I’m under extreme pressure, I stay solid as a rock. I’m the very center, surrounded by liquid metal." WHO AM I? INNER CORE "I’m squishy, but you’ll never sink into me! I flow like toothpaste under the solid plates above. I’m part of the mantle and help tectonic plates slide around. I’m the soft, gooey layer just beneath the Lithosphere!" WHO AM I? ASTHENOSPHERE "I’m really, really hot—liquid metal hot! Without me, Earth would have no magnetic field. I’m molten and constantly swirling deep inside. I’m the outer part of the planet’s fiery heart." WHO AM I? OUTER CORE WHO WON? Demonstrate an understanding of the internal structure of the Earth. Describe the internal structure and properties of the layers of the earth; Illustrate the composition of the Earth using various materials. Appreciate the importance of the composition of the layers of the earth to the humanity; ARE YOU READY TO EXPLORE THE PLANET? Get your phones. Open Solar System Scope Apk. Note: Please use your phones for the intended activity. Please put your phones on SILENT MODE EXPLORE THE SOLAR SYSTEM Zoom in, find Earth and click it. Select Explore. Click Structure. Read the terms and definitions. Observe the structure of the planet from inside out. Let’s answer some questions? After looking at the structure of the planet, how will you describe its physical appearance? Let’s answer some questions? After looking at the structure of the planet, how will you describe its physical appearance? 1 CRUST 2 MANTLE 3 OUTER CORE 4 INNER CORE 1 CRUST The crust is the thinnest and the outermost layer of the Earth that extends from the surface to about 32 kilometers below. It subdivided into two regions: Continental crust Oceanic crust. Si, O, Al, Ca, Na, and K 35-40 kilometers thick Less dense rocks: GRANITE Fe, Mg, and Ca 7-10 kilometers thick which its average thickness is 8 kilometers Denser rocks: BASALT 2 MANTLE The mantle is the largest layer of Earth's interior, making up approximately 84% of Earth's volume. 2 MANTLE Fe, Si, Mg, and O Extends to about 2900 kilometers from the Earth’s surface. Made up of Silicate rocks 2 MANTLE LOWER MANTLE consists of more iron than the UPPER MANTLE. The lower mantle is denser than the upper portion. The high temperature and pressure in the mantle allows the solid rock to flow slowly. 2 MANTLE ASTHENOSPHERE Beneath the lithosphere lies the soft, weak layer, made of hot molten material. Its temperature is about 300 – 800˚C. It facilitates the movement of the lithospheric plates. CORE The central or innermost portion of the Earth, lying below the mantle and probably consisting of iron and nickel. It subdivided into two regions: Outer Core Inner Core 3 OUTER CORE Fe, Ni (molten/liquid) 2900 kilometers below the Earth’s surface 2250 kilometers thick with 2000˚C temperature 3 OUTER CORE The outer core is mainly made up of iron and nickel moving around the solid inner core, creating Earth’s magnetic field (Magnetosphere) DYNAMO EFFECT It refers to the process by which the Earth's magnetic field is generated and maintained due to the the motion of liquid iron and nickel which acts as a conductor. 3 OUTER CORE MAGNETOSPHERE region of space around a planet, such as Earth, that is dominated by the planet's magnetic field. It prevents most of the solar wind from directly reaching the planet’s surface. 4 INNER CORE Fe, Ni (Solid) 1300 kilometers thick 5000˚C temperature 4 INNER CORE Iron and nickel are believed to have solidified as a result of PRESSURE FREEZING, which is common to liquids subjected under tremendous pressure. What tells us that the inner core is made up of iron? Some clues that the inner core and the outer core are made up of iron include the following: Iron and nickel are both dense and magnetic. The overall density of the earth is much higher than the density of the rocks in the crust. This suggests that the inside must be made up of something denser than rocks. Some clues that the inner core and the outer core are made up of iron include the following: Meteorite analysis have revealed that the most common type is Chondrite. It contains iron, silicon, magnesium and oxygen; some contains nickel. The whole earth and the meteorite roughly have the same density, thus the Earth’s mantle rock and a meteorite minus its iron, have the same density.  How did scientists figure out the composition of our planet? Scientists determined the composition of the Earth primarily through the study of seismic waves generated by earthquakes and artificial sources. When an earthquake occurs, it generates seismic waves that travel through the Earth. There are two main types: 1 P -WAVES 1 S -WAVES 1 P -WAVES Primary Waves These are compressional waves that can travel through solids and liquids. 2 S -WAVES Secondary Waves These are shear waves that can only travel through solids. What are the layers of the earth How does each layer differ from the others? What are the material compositions of each layer? How have scientists been able to determine the composition and structure of the Earth’s interior?  CRUST MANTLE 40 km thickness 2900 km thickness OUTER CORE INNER CORE 2200 km thickness 1278 km thickness ACTIVITY COLOR MY WORLD Procedure: Draw the cross-section of the Earth’s interior in a short bond paper. (landscape or portrait). Label each part, provide a brief description, and indicate the composition of each layer. ACTIVITY COLOR MY WORLD Aquino, M. et al. Science Links – 10. REX Publishing. 2020 Vadoz, M. et al. Science Links Integrated Science. REX Publishing 2012 Lay, T., & Wallace, T. C. (2015). Fundamentals of seismology (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139056636 Ritchie, R. J., & Wilkins, J. C. (2020). The Earth's interior: A survey of its structure and composition. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 534, 116083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116083