Lesson 2: Intellectual Revolutions PDF

**LESSON 2: INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS** **INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION** - Scientific ideas that transformed and shaped societies' perceptions and beliefs. **COPERNICAN REVOLUTION** - Explain the movements of heavenly bodies. - Shift in the field of astronomy from a geocentric understanding...

**LESSON 2: INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS** **INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION** - Scientific ideas that transformed and shaped societies' perceptions and beliefs. **COPERNICAN REVOLUTION** - Explain the movements of heavenly bodies. - Shift in the field of astronomy from a geocentric understanding to a heliocentric understanding. - **Geocentrism/Geocentric Theory** - The solar system revolves around the Earth. - Claudius Ptolemy, a famous philosopher and astronomer. Who proposed a model called "Ptolemaic Model". - Moves in Retrograde Motion. - **Heliocentrism/Heliocentric Theory** - 16^th^ Century. - Suggested that the center of the solar system is the sun. - Introduced by Nicolaus Copernicus, a Polish mathematician and astronomer. - DEVOLUTIONIBUS ORBIUM COELESTIUM (Revolution of celestial Sphere) -- In this book, Copernicus proposed the "heliocentric Model". - Georg Joachim Rheticus, an astronomer and mathematician who helped published the book. - Birth of the modern astronomer -- An era began, known as scientific revolution. **DARWINIAN REVOLUTION** - Considered to be one of the most controversial intellectual revolution of its time. - Charles Darwin, an English naturalist, biologist, and geologist, published his book, "On the Origin of Species". - **On the Origin of Species** - Published in year 1859. - Introduced the theory of **evolution** by the process of **natural selection**. - Stated that the organism has the ability to adapt to their environment. - Evolution -- A process that change into something that would be more competitive to survive. - Darwin's theory is about the evolution of man. **FREUDIAN REVOLUTION** - Sigmund Freud, who explained the revolutionary theory of psychoanalysis. - Late 19^th^ century. - **Psychoanalysis** - The study that explains human behavior. - Clinical method - Two factors that can influence behavior and emotion. - Conscious - Unconscious - Personality is a product of three conflicting elements: - Id - Ego - Superego - The concepts of psychoanalysis, eventually resulted in classifying psychology as a science.